陕西周原地区全新世黄土-古土壤序列风化程度研究

通过对周原LC全新世黄土-古土壤剖面的元素含量分布及其化学风化程度和元素迁移特征的研究。结果发现:古土壤S₀的CIA和Rb/Sr值高于黄土L₀,Na/K比低于黄土L₀,指示其风化程度强于黄土L₀,形成时期气候比黄土堆积时期温暖湿润;黄土风化成壤过程中,Si,K和Fe相对富集,而Ca,Na,Mg和Ti则迁移淋失,呈现Ca>Na>Mg>Ti>Al>Si>K>Fe的迁移序列;全新世剖面化学风化程度处于脱Na和Ca阶段或早期去K阶段。     

会宁剖面MIS3阶段黄土元素地球化学特征及气候变化

在会宁剖面元素地球化学数据分析和气候替代指标分析的基础上，重建了会宁地区约20～70 ka的古气候特征和序列。研究表明：Ba、Rb、Sr、Ti、Fe₂O₃、SiO₂、Al₂O₃、MgO、K₂O等在剖面上都有随深度的减小含量随之增加的趋势；CaO、Na₂O等在剖面上有随深度的减小含量随之减小的趋势。MIS3气候略显温湿，可划分为3个阶段：早期(L₁S₁S₂)，55.5～45.9 ka，气候为弱温湿；中期(L₁S₁L₁)，45.9～27.3 ka，气候为干冷；晚期(L₁S₁S₁)，27.3～23.8 ka，气候为温湿；会宁剖面较明显地记录了5次Heinrich事件。     

汾渭盆地全新世成壤环境演变比较研究

通过对汾渭盆地全新世土壤的野外考察以及磁化率和高分辨率CaCO3 的分析 ,揭示了该区域土壤成壤过程与气候变化关系。研究表明 ,汾渭盆地全新世的S0 地层形成于全球性的全新世气候最适宜期 ,约从 85 0 0aBP土壤开始发育 ,形成较厚的S0 层。约从 310 0aBP起始 ,气候发生变化 ,干旱和沙尘堆积形成了黄土L0 层和现代表土层。土壤剖面磁化率与CaCO3 指标反映 ,由于地带性因素存在 ,全新世汾河盆地古土壤S0 的成壤强度远远低于渭河盆地。在全新世气候最适宜期 ,两地气候和环境的差异扩大 ,而晚更新世马兰黄土堆积期间和全新世其它主要阶段 ,两地气候和环境的差异相对减小。     

一万年以来西安鱼包头黄土剖面磁化率的古气候环境再讨论

对西安地区全新世以来的环境演变特征进行研究,从而为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据。通过对西安神禾塬鱼包头村典型剖面全新世黄土-古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列。根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,阐述了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律,探讨了该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,论证和详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比。对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证。将西安地区10000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段。     

2,4-表油菜素内酯对干旱胁迫下垂丝海棠生理特性的影响

以7～8叶龄的垂丝海棠实生苗为试验材料,研究外源喷施2,4-表油菜素内酯（EBR）对干旱胁迫下垂丝海棠幼苗光合及生理特性的影响。采用盆栽控水法,设置CK（正常水分）与干旱胁迫加6种浓度油菜素内酯处理,即T1(0 mg·L^-1)、T2(0.20 mg·L^-1)、T3(0.40 mg·L^-1)、T4(0.60 mg·L^-1)、T5(0.80 mg·L^-1)和T6(1.00 mg·L^-1),分别测定各处理下叶绿素含量、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性及渗透调节物质含量,并进行相关性与主成分分析。随干旱胁迫时间的延长,垂丝海棠叶片的Chl a、Chl b、Chl a+b、Chl a/b、净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）和蒸腾速率（T_r）均呈下降趋势;胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）、丙二醛（MDA）含量和相对电导率（REC）呈上升趋势;脯氨酸（Pro）含量、超氧化物歧化酶...     

西安地区泾阳南塬全新世黄土剖面磁化率反映的古气候

为预测西安地区乃至中国和全球未来环境的发展趋势提供依据,通过对西安地区泾阳南塬寨头村典型剖面全新世黄土—古土壤地层的岩性描述、地层划分和对比,结合泾阳县新庄村AMS14C的年代测定和其他学者的测年数据,建立了该地区全新世以来黄土沉积年代序列。根据磁化率气候替代指标显示的曲线特征,阐述了这一替代指标在剖面上的变化规律,探讨了该黄土剖面所反映的东亚冬、夏季风强弱变化特点,论证和详细分析了西安地区全新世以来环境变化的特征和规律,进而对该剖面磁化率曲线特征与其他学者的孢粉谱建立的温度曲线对比,对西安地区全新世以来古气候的阶段性进行了详细分析和论证。将西安地区10000年以来的气候演变划分为7个气候阶段。     

会宁地区全新世黄土沉积粒度特征及其古气候意义

以会宁陈塬剖面全新世段的粒度变化作为主要研究对象,辅以磁化率曲线变化,对该区全新世时期的气候变化进行了初步分析。研究认为,会宁地区全新世时期黄土—古土壤沉积以粗粉砂(16~63μm)为主,占47.99%~55.78%,其次为细粉砂(4~16μm)、砂粒(63μm)和黏粒(4μm),对粒度参数的计算显示,该时期粒度组成较单一,分选较差,粒度频率分布曲线较宽平且呈微弱正偏。将气候变化分为4个阶段:16~11.3 ka BP,晚更新世向全新世过渡时期;11.3~8.5 ka BP,波动时期;8.5~4.5 ka BP,变暖时期;4.5 ka BP至今,现代气候时期。粒度指标对气候变化尤其是具有显著影响的气候事件反映更加敏感,对全球性气候变化和东亚季风边缘区区域性的气候变化均有良好记录。     

关中盆地东部李湾剖面全新世高分辨率气候研究

根据李湾剖面磁化率、粒度、微量元素Rb/Sr比值和全铁值的分析结果 ,探讨了李湾剖面黄土纪录所揭示的全新世以来的高分辨率的气候变化。结果发现 :全新世气候的不稳定性在关中盆地东部地区亦有明显的反映 ,这说明 60 0 0 - 50 0 0aB .P .的干旱事件在关中盆地具有普遍性 ;同时 ,本区自 850 0aB .P .以来的全新世最适宜期至少发生了五次气候恶化 ,分别位于李湾剖面深 1 85cm、1 70cm、1 2 5cm、1 0 5cm、85cm附近。     

河西走廊全新世气候变迁与古文化响应

通过对河西走廊中部黄土剖面磁化率、CaCO3百分含量、色度(明度、红度、黄度)、粒度等气候代用指标的分析,初步重建了河西走廊中部全新世气候变化.发现河西走廊全新世大暖期从9 000 a BP开始,结束于2 200 aBP,期间有3次明显的气候旋回:8000～6200 aBP,5 600～4 300 aBP,3 000～2200 aBP.在此基础上,简单阐述了在中国黄土高原西部,全新世古文化对气候变化的响应,旨在说明河西走廊中部黄土剖面记录的全新世气候变化具有普遍性.     

运城盆地全新世时期的野火活动与生态环境演变

通过对运城盆地DXF-S和DXF-N两个全新世典型黄土-土壤剖面磁化率和炭屑浓度的分析,结合已有的研究成果,探讨了该区域野火活动和生态环境演变的基本规律。马兰黄土堆积时期,气候干旱而不稳定,植被呈现荒漠草原或半荒漠草原景观,地方性和区域性野火频繁发生;全新世早期,气候开始由冷干向温湿过渡,但仍比较干旱,野火活动仍然较为频繁,地表植被应为干草原或含有森林成分的干草原景观;全新世中期是全新世最为温暖湿润的时期,野火活动微弱,植被为温带落叶阔叶林为主的森林草原并掺杂少量亚热带植物,但在夏商文化时期,由于人为焚林、围猎、取暖、刀耕火种等生产和生活活动,使野火活动的频率提高,标志着人类开始影响生态环境演变的进程;全新世晚期,气候向干旱化发展,人类生产和生活活动范围的不断扩大,人为野火活动频繁发生,使地表的自然景观逐渐向半自然半人工景观过渡,尤其,近百年以来随着人口的大量增加,聚落规模的迅速扩大,地表已转变为农田景观。     

青藏高原全新世风沙活动历史与环境变化

风沙活动记录的研究对于人们了解气候环境变迁有着重要意义。风成砂层的稳定出露可以作为风沙活动及沙漠形成的最直接证据,因而通过对风成砂-黄土-古土壤序列地层剖面进行对比分析,即可还原地质历史时期风沙活动历史与环境演化。通过对比青藏高原南部、柴达木盆地、共和盆地、青海湖盆地等地区风成沉积剖面的岩性变化,结合14C测年、热释光和光释光测年结果,建立了青藏高原地区全新世以来风沙活动演化历史。青藏高原全新世在11.0kaBP左右开始进入全新世,环境逐渐转向暖湿;9.0kaBP左右出现了一次强烈的风沙活动事件;7.7～4.6ka BP14C大部分地区为暖湿环境,而藏南地区有较大范围风成砂沉积,风沙活动强烈。全新世晚期区域性差异较大,但整体环境恶化,风沙活动增强。     

A warmer but drier Marine Isotope Stage 11 during the past 650 ka as revealed by the thickest loess on the western Chinese Loess Plateau

Marine Isotope Stage 11(MIS 11; ca. 423–362 ka) is generally considered to be the best analogue for the present interglacial(Holocene), and investigation of it will improve our understanding of current climate variability and assist in predictions of future climate change. However, many recent studies primarily focus on the structure and duration of MIS 11. Little research has focused on climate warmth and stability recorded in the Chinese loess-paleosol sequences(LPS) during the S4 paleosol formation(equivalent to MIS 11). On the basis of previous work, this study presents a high-resolution record(ca. 75 a/cm) that spans from MIS 1 to MIS 15, as preserved in the thickest known Jingyuan loess section on the western Chinese Loess Plateau(CLP). This LPS is almost 165 m thick and was sampled from the upper part of L6 to the modern soil at 2-cm depth intervals. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, mean grain size and 63 μm particle content, carbonate content, total organic carbon, and soil color of samples were made to reconstruct the paleoclimate variation, and a grain-size age model was used to constrain the chronological framework. The primary results show that a generally warm-humid climate dominated the S4 paleosol development, but the climate condition was extremely unstable during the whole of MIS 11. Two obviously different climate regimes controlled the MIS 11 climate variation: the early part of MIS 11 was extremely warm and stable, but the latter part was relatively cool(non-glacial) and unstable. This climate pattern was consistent with records on the central CLP and wavelet analysis suggested that it was forced by the 65°N insolation variability modulated by a quasi-100-ka cycle. In addition, a multi-proxy comparative study on the climate conditions during S0 to S5 paleosol development indicates that the period of S4 development might be the warmest interglacial of the past 650 ka. However, the climate condition during S4 development was not the most humid episode as recorded in Xifeng and Luochuan loess sections on the central CLP. On the contrary, it was drier than both the MIS 15 and the present interglacial on the western CLP, which is somewhat similar to the present climate pattern on the central CLP.     

渭河中游全新世晚期古洪水沉积物特征

通过野外实地调查,在渭河中游咸阳市南寺村一级阶地的全新世黄土-古土壤剖面,发现了含有波状水平层理的古洪水滞流沉积层,对所采集的全新世地层样品进行了粒度、磁化率、烧失量、CaCO3和石英颗粒微结构表面特征分析,表明古洪水滞流沉积物（SWD）平均粒径小,磁化率值低,CaCO₃含量高,石英颗粒表面“V”形坑和三角痕明显等特征,与风成黄土和古土壤差别显著,判定为典型的古洪水滞流沉积物。通过OSL（光释光）测年及地层学对比,确定古洪水SWD记录了渭河中游3 200~2 800 aBP发生的一组3次古洪水事件,正处于全新世大暖期向晚期转变的过渡时期,气候不稳定,降水变率大,引发了连续的特大洪水事件。此研究成果对于揭示区域水文变化对全球气候变化的响应规律具有重要科学意义。     

用洛川黄土中碳同位素重建140万年以来古气候

在洛川黄土剖面,通过密集采样,做出从第三纪红到整个第四纪黄土地层的碳同位素分析。1δ3C曲线可与大西洋深海钻孔DSDP607的氧同位素曲线及南极氘温度详细对比。S5上有一个特别突出的负高峰,1δ3C=-16.615‰,是气候最温湿的阶段。S0、S1、S4、S8、S9的δ13C峰值在-5.85—-10.00‰之间,是一般间冰期阶段。峰值在-8.72—-6.95‰的S2、S3、S6、S7等对应的是温干的间冰期。L1、L2、L5、L6、L8、L9的1δ3C在-3.7—-2.27‰之间,是一些极冷的冰期。因此,黄土1δ3C是一个灵敏的替代性古气候指标。     

Optically stimulated luminescence dating of sandy deposits from Gulang county at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert,China

Aeolian deposits from the deserts in northern China have been used for palaeoenvironmental research to understand aeolian sedimentology and its dynamic connection to past climate conditions. The Tengger Desert in China is sensitive to the waxing and waning of the monsoonal system. In response to past climate change, the southern margin of the Tengger Desert has evolved significantly since the last glacial period. However, previous attempts to date aeolian deposits in this region were mainly based on radiocarbon dating, which has problems when applied to aeolian deposits. Moreover, sedimentary records are limited. Accordingly, past aeolian activity in this desert remains poorly understood. In the present study, we dated sand samples from Gulang county at the southern margin of the Tengger Desert using optically stimulated luminescence(OSL) to understand the history of aeolian activity in this region. Our samples represented well-sorted aeolian sands and sandy loess. Aeolian sands are evidence of dune field buildup and sparse vegetation cover whereas sandy loess is evidence of improved stabilization of sand dunes resulting from ameliorated vegetation cover. Certain samples showed a decline in the equivalent dose(De) values when successive integration intervals were applied, which resulted from unstable OSL signals from non-fast components in the initial part of the decay curve. In order to obtain reliable De estimates, we investigated component-resolved and different background subtraction approaches, and compared the resultant De estimates. We adopted the early background subtraction method to derive De values. Luminescence chronologies and sedimentary records indicated that sand dunes accumulation occurred before 10 ka, and sandy loess developed between 9.5 and 7.6 ka when sand dunes were stabilized as a result of increased effective moisture levels. The transition between sand dune mobilization and stabilization emphasizes the significance of an effective moisture threshold in controlling aeolian activity. Mobilization of sand dunes at ~2.3 ka might be related to an increased aridity during the Late Holocene.     

近12kaBP以来南疆博斯腾湖气候环境演化

根据博斯腾湖沉积物自生碳酸盐稳定同位素以及孢粉和地化元素资料的分析,建立了近１２ｋａＢＰ以来此地区的气候环境的演变序列,并得到以下结论：（１）其气候演变特征同新疆地区由其他地质记录所反映的基本一致,气候演变具有明显的西风型环境演变特征,表现为冷与相对湿润、暖与相对干旱的水热配置关系;（２）由δ（１８）Ｏ所反映的温度波动存在显著的后期增温特征,结合δ（１３）Ｃ及Ｃａ－ＣＯ３等指标的变化,可以划分出若干具有广泛区域一致性的冷暖阶段,其中暖峰主要出现于１１．５－１１．０ｋａ、９．４ｋａ、７．５－７．０ｋａ、６．０－５．５ｋａ、３．０ｋａ和２．０ｋａＢＰ;而冷峰主要出现于１１．０－１０．０ｋａ、８．８ｋａ、５．０－４．５ｋａ、３．３ｋａ和１．５ｋａＢＰ和２．０－１．５ｋａＢＰ期间快速的冷暖变化都具有显著的突变性特征;（４）在７．０－５．０ｋａＢＰ期间相对暖湿的环境特征可能是全新世大暖期鼎盛期的反映,这也是剖面中唯一的最为显著的暖湿期。     

High-frequency climatic fluctuations over the past 30 ka in northwestern margin of the East Asian monsoon region,China

Whether millennial- to centennial-scale climate variations throughout the Holocene convey universal climate change is still widely debated. In this study, we aimed to obtain a set of high-resolution multi-proxy data (1343 particle size samples, 893 total organic carbon samples, and 711 pollen samples) from an alluvial-lacustrine-aeolian sequence based on an improved age-depth model in the northwestern margin of the East Asian monsoon region to explore the dynamics of climate changes over the past 30 ka. Results revealed that the sequence not only documented the major climate events that corresponded well with those reported from the North Atlantic regions but also revealed many marked and high-frequency oscillations at the millennial- and centennial-scale. Specifically, the late stage of the last glacial lasting from 30.1 to 18.1 cal. ka BP was a dry and cold period. The deglacial (18.1-11.5 cal. ka BP) was a wetting (probably also warming) period, and three cold and dry excursions were found in the wetting trend, i.e., the Oldest Dryas (18.1-15.8 cal. ka BP), the Older Dryas (14.6-13.7 cal. ka BP), and the Younger Dryas (12.5-11.5 cal. ka BP). The Holocene can be divided into three portions: the warmest and wettest early portion from 11.5 to 6.7 cal. ka BP, the dramatically cold and dry middle portion from 6.7 to 3.0 cal. ka BP, and the coldest and driest late portion since 3.0 cal. ka BP. Wavelet analysis results on the total pollen concentration revealed five substantially periodicities: c. 5500, 2200, 900, 380, and 210 a. With the exception of the c. 5500 a quasi-cycle that was causally associated with the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, the other four quasi-cycles (i.e., c. 2200, 900, 380, and 210 a) were found to be indirectly causally associated with solar activities. This study provides considerable insight into the dynamic mechanism of the Asian climate on a long-time scale and future climatic change.