断奶仔猪日粮系酸力模型的研究

本研究以影响断奶仔猪配合日粮系酸力的7种主要原料:豆粕、鱼粉、麦麸、乳清粉、磷酸氢钙、石粉、玉米作为仔猪日粮系酸力模型的原料因子,建立饲料原料配比(xi)、原料系酸力(αi)与日粮系酸力(Y)之间的数学模型。     

断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质水平与系酸力关系的研究

研究断奶仔猪日粮蛋白质水平与系酸力间的关系,参照断奶仔猪蛋白质营养需求标准(粗蛋白(CP)21%),分别配制高于21%蛋白水平的1组日粮和低于21%蛋白水平的3组日粮,实际测定各组日粮蛋白质水平及系酸力,试验结果表明:高蛋白日粮Ⅰ组(CP23.78%)系酸力显著高于Ⅱ组日粮(CP21.68%);低蛋白日粮Ⅲ组(CP17.94%)系酸力显著低于Ⅱ组日粮,Ⅳ组日粮(CP16.36%)与Ⅴ组日粮(CP12.77%)系酸力极显著低于Ⅱ组日粮,结果表明:高蛋白水平日粮有较高系酸力,而降低日粮蛋白水平则系酸力下降。     

日粮系酸力在断奶仔猪上的应用研究进展

断奶仔猪因其胃肠道系统发育不完善,不能分泌足够的胃酸,加之一些饲料原料具有很强的酸结合力,使得仔猪胃内酸度较低,难以保证适宜的pH和足够的酶活性,容易导致仔猪出现消化不良和腹泻的现象.日粮系酸力是影响断奶仔猪胃内酸度的主要因素之一,适宜的日粮系酸力可以改善断奶仔猪的胃内酸度,维持体内消化、内分泌、微生态等系统的正常生理...     

猪饲料的系酸力

据国际畜牧网报道,早在二十多年前,即上世纪八十年代,乳猪和断奶仔猪日粮的系酸力就引起了动物营养学家们的注意。随着系酸力与猪只的肠道健康的研究深入,人们从关注乳猪、仔猪日粮的系酸力问题,拓展到关注生长猪和繁殖母猪日粮的系酸力问题。     

断奶仔猪饲料需酸化

仔猪早期断奶后，乳酸来源中止．而盐酸分泌仍然很少。同时．饲料中蛋白质和矿物质与酸结合．导致肠道内酸度下降．胃蛋白酶形成减少．蛋白质消化减弱。消化不完全的饲料又为小肠内细菌繁殖提供底物．致使肠功能紊乱．引起断奶仔猪采食量下降，增重慢．严重的还会发生爆发性腹泻，导致死亡。     

早期断奶仔猪饲料原料的研究及应用

阐述了早期断奶仔猪生理变化,并总结了各种饲料原料的特点。     

酸益(SI)在断奶仔猪日粮中的应用比较

选用杂种仔猪杜×(长×川白)24头,于28±2日龄断奶,以玉米-豆粕型日粮饲喂,进行为期30d的饲养试验,研究日粮中添加0.1%复合酸化剂-酸益SI、0.1%复合酸化剂FD和降低1.5%乳清粉用量对断奶仔猪生产性能、日粮酸和力及肠道大肠杆菌数的影响.结果表明,添加复合酸化剂-酸益(SI)可明显提高仔猪日增重,改善料肉比,大幅度降低腹泻率,降低乳清粉用量与饲料成本.其料肉比、日增重与使用进口产品FD差异不显著(P＞0.05).     

断奶仔猪日粮酸度调控

(接上期 )4不同系酸力水平日粮对断奶仔猪血液生化指标的影响 　　试验设计同前述的断奶仔猪日粮系酸力调控模型生物学试验，分别测定不同系酸力水平日粮对断奶仔猪血气指标、血清葡萄糖、尿素 N和总蛋白、胰岛素水平的影响。 4.1血气指标 　　日粮不同系酸力水平对仔猪血气指标的影响情况见表 9。 　　从表 9可以看出，随着日粮系酸力水平的降低， 表 9不同处理对仔猪血液血气指标的影响 仔猪血液中 BE负值增大， pH值、 BB、 HCO3－、 TCO2和 PCO2都有所降低，而 PO2则有所提高， O2SET（氧饱和度）的变化不大。有资料表明，人体…     

自配复合酸对断奶仔猪生产性能和腹泻的影响

试验选用40窝214头7日龄,23日龄断奶、体重相近的仔猪(长×大)。分别添加不同剂量的复合酸化剂于日粮中,测定日粮的系酸力水平对断奶仔猪的影响。试验采用完全分组化设计,分成5个组,每组两个重复。饲养期28 d(含预饲期)。处理Ⅰ为空白对照,处理Ⅱ至Ⅴ为试验组,结果表明:随着饲料中复合酸化剂用量(0~6 g/kg饲料)的增加和饲料系酸力的降低(30~15),仔猪的腹泻率降低,采食量,日增重和料重比均有不同程度的改善。当用量过高(>4.5 g/kg饲料)时仔猪的采食量急剧上升而其生产性能则下降;还表明在饲料中添加3.0~4.5 g/kg(系酸力为23.0~19.5)时,仔猪的综合生产性能表现最佳。     

纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选用63头断奶仔猪,分为处理1组(3000mg/kg普通饲料级氧化锌)、处理2组(250mg/kg纳米氧化锌)、处理3组(500mg/kg纳米氧化锌)三个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复7头仔猪,试验期20d。结果表明:纳米氧化锌(500mg/kg)能显著提高断奶仔猪的日增重(与处理1组相比,提高9.91%),改善肉料比,有较好的经济效益。     

Measurements of the acid-binding capacity of ingredients used in pig diets

: Some feed ingredients bind more acid in the stomach than others and for this reason may be best omitted from pig starter foods if gastric acidity is to be promoted. The objective of this study was to measure the acid-binding capacity (ABC) of ingredients commonly used in pig starter foods. Ingredients were categorised as follows: (i) milk products (n = 6), (ii) cereals (n = 10), (iii) root and pulp products (n = 5), (iv) vegetable proteins (n = 11), (v) meat and fish meal (n = 2), (vi) medication (n = 3), (vii) amino acids (n = 4), (viii) minerals (n = 16), (ix) acid salts (n = 4), (x) acids (n = 10). A 0.5 g sample of food was suspended in 50 ml distilled de-ionised water with continuous stirring. This suspension was titrated with 0.1 mol/L HCl or 0.1 mol/L NaOH so that approximately 10 additions of titrant was required to reach pH 3.0. The pH readings after each addition were recorded following equilibration for three minutes. ABC was calculated as the amount of acid in milliequivalents (meq) required to lower the pH of 1 kg food to (a) pH 4.0 (ABC-4) and (b) pH 3.0 (ABC-3). Categories of food had significantly different (P < 0.01) ABC values. Mean ABC-4 and ABC-3 values of the ten categories were: (i) 623 (s.d. 367.0) and 936 (s.d. 460.2), (ii) 142 (s.d. 79.2) and 324 (s.d. 146.4), (iii) 368 (s.d. 65.3) and 804 (s.d. 126.7), (iv) 381 (s.d. 186.1) and 746 (s.d. 227.0), (v) 749 (s.d. 211.6) and 1508 (s.d. 360.8), (vi) 120 (s.d. 95.6) and 261 (s.d. 163.2), (vii) 177 (s.d. 60.7) and 1078 (s.d. 359.0), (viii) 5064 (s.d. 5525.1) and 7051 (s.d. 5911.6), (ix) 5057 (s.d. 1336.6) and 8945 (s.d. 2654.1) and (x) -5883 (s.d. 4220.5) and -2591 (s.d. 2245.4) meq HCl per kg, respectively. Within category, ABC-3 and ABC- 4 values were highly correlated: R2 values of 0.80 and greater for food categories i, iv, v, vi, vii and viii. The correlation between predicted and observed ABC values of 34 mixed diets was 0.83 for ABC-4 and 0.71 for ABC-3. It was concluded that complete diets with low ABC values may be formulated through careful selection of ingredients. The final pH to which ABC is measured should matter little as ABC-3 and ABC-4 are highly correlated.     

Dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide improves growth performance in weanling pigs

Nondigestible oligosaccharides are not digested in the small intestine, but are fermented by bacteria colonizing in the large intestine. Physiological effects of non‐digestible oligosaccharides have been considered to be conferred by the fermentation of bacteria colonizing in the large intestine. Because cellooligosaccharide is a non‐digestible oligosaccharide, various physiological effects are expected. However, physiological functions of cellooligosaccharide are not well understood. This experiment was conducted to clarify the effect of dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide on the growth performance in weanling pigs. The result showed that average daily gain was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed a diet supplemented with cellooligosaccharide than in pigs without cellooligosaccharide. There was a tendency to increasing average daily feed intake in pigs with cellooligosaccharide, though the significant difference was not detected (P = 0.18). Feed efficiency and nutrient digestibility of feces and ileum were not changed by feeding cellooligosaccharide. In addition, blood urea nitrogen was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the diet supplemented with cellooligosaccharide than in pigs without cellooligosaccharide. The concentrations of acetic and iso‐valeric acids in the cecum of pigs fed the diet with cellooligosaccharide tended to be higher (P < 0.10) than those without cellooligosaccharide. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation with cellooligosaccharide improves growth performance in weanling pigs.     

功能性低聚糖对断奶仔猪腹泻的防治及生产性能的影响

在仔猪饲粮中分别添加低聚果糖(FOS)、异麦芽低聚糖(GOS)和甘露寡糖(MOS),用48头35日龄杜×长断奶仔猪进行了为期28 d的饲养试验,观察了功能性低聚糖对断奶仔猪腹泻的防治作用及生产性能的影响.将试验猪随机分为4组,即在基础日粮中分别添加FOS 3 g/kg、GOS 2 g/kg和MOS 3 g/kg的3个处理组和1个对照组,观察了仔猪的生长发育情况,记录了各组耗料量和体重,采集血清和全血以及粪样进行了分析测试.结果表明,FOS组仔猪腹泻频率降低了66%;GOS组降低了25%;MOS组降低了54%;FOS、GOS和MOS组的血清SOD、GSH-Px活性均较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);3种低聚糖组仔猪的外周血T淋巴细胞数(CD3)、IgG水平均较对照组显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);3种低聚糖组仔猪的日增重和饲料报酬均有明显的提高.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fermented garlic powder on growth performance,apparent total tract digestibility,blood characteristics and faecal microbial concentration in weanling pigs

A total of 144 weanling pigs (5.5 ± 0.42 kg) were used in a 5‐week trial to evaluate the effect of fermented garlic powder (FGP) supplementation in weaning pigs. Pigs were randomly allocated to the following four dietary treatments: (i) control (CON; basal diet), (ii) FGP0.5 (CON + 0.5 g/kg FGP), (iii) FGP1 (CON + 1 g/kg FGP), (iv) FGP2 (CON + 2 g/kg FGP). There were six replications with six pigs (three barrows and three gilts) per pen. Pigs fed FGP0.5 treatments increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) during 3–5 and 0–5 week. No difference was observed on gain/ feed (G/F) ratio in this study. The inclusion of FGP1 and FGP2 treatments increased DM (p < 0.05) digestibility compared with the CON treatment throughout the experiment. The apparent total tract digestibility of N was (p < 0.05) increased by the dietary FGP throughout the experiment. Pigs fed FGP1 and FGP2 treatments increased the lymphocyte concentration (p < 0.05) and RBC concentration compared with the CON group. Dietary FGP decreased the blood total cholesterol (p < 0.05) in comparison with the CON group. The triglyceride (p < 0.05) concentration was decreased in FGP1 and FGP2 treatments compared with those in the CON treatment at the end of the experiment. Pigs fed FGP1 and FGP2 treatments had a lower number of Escherichia coli in faeces on 21 (p < 0.05) and 35 days (p = 0.05) than those in the CON treatment. In conclusion, dietary fermented garlic powder (0.5 g/kg) can improve ADG and ADFI in weanling pigs, but not at higher levels (1 and 2 g/kg). Dietary fermented garlic powder can also increase the nutrient digestibility, lymphocytes and RBC concentrations, but decrease the faecal E. coli concentration in weaning pigs.     

断奶日龄对仔猪生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选取遗传基础相似、体重相当来自9窝母猪的48头杜长大仔猪为研究对象。随机平均分为2组,分别于23日龄和28日龄断奶,各组分别在断奶当天,断奶后3 d、7 d、14 d宰杀取样。测定各组在断奶后2周内的生产性能以及空肠内容物和胰腺消化酶的活性。结果表明:28日龄断奶的仔猪平均日增重、日平均采食量均显著高于23日龄断奶的仔猪。断奶后仔猪空肠消化酶均有所下降,其中28日龄断奶的仔猪所受影响相对较小。     

猪用植物性饲料中有效磷测定方法的研究进展

本文综述了斜率比法和消化试验评定猪用植物性饲料中有效磷的方法及存在问题。     

不同配方日粮对35日龄断奶仔猪饲喂效果观察

选择９６头三元杂交仔猪分为两组，试验组饲喂以新技术配制的日粮，对照组喂常规日粮。结果表明，断奶前两组生产性能没有显著差异，断奶后一周，试验组日增重提高９７ｇ（Ｐ＜０．０５），每千克增重少耗料０． ２２ｋｇ（Ｐ＞０． ０５），腹泻率降低 １１． ２４％。对照组的断奶应激对以后的生产性能产生一定影响。     

鸡对饲料氨基酸有效利用率的研究

采用Sibbald“真代谢能”法测定饲料原料的氨基酸有效利用率。试验鸡分别强饲玉米、大豆粕和鱼粉 ,测定鸡强饲后的氨基酸排出量。结果表明 ,不同种类饲料原料的氨基酸利用率存在差异 ,玉米与大豆粕、鱼粉间差异显著 (P <0 0 5)。不同种类氨基酸之间利用率也有差异。 3种饲料原料的氨基酸真利用率均大于表观利用率 ,其中玉米的差异达到极显著水平 (P <0 0 1 ) ,表明内源性氨基酸对氨基酸利用率有影响 ,且这种影响随饲料原料中粗蛋白质水平的下降而增大。 3种饲料原料的氨基酸利用率在去盲肠鸡与正常鸡之间存在差异。盲肠微生物对饲料原料的氨基酸利用率有影响 ,且对不同种类氨基酸的影响有差异 ,这种影响不能通过内源性氨基酸的校正而消除。另外 ,内源性氨基酸的排泄量在去盲肠鸡大于正常鸡。表明内源性氨基酸也受到盲肠微生物的影响     

断乳仔猪腹泻药物的防治效果试验

选择32日龄断乳的健康仔猪120头,分为4组,进行腹泻药物预防效果试验,分别为利高霉素组,庆大霉素、阿莫西林组,恩诺沙星、阿莫西林组,金霉素＋阿莫西林组;同时,再选用庆大霉素,磺胺嘧啶＋地塞米松,恩诺沙星进行药物治疗试验。结果表明,金霉素、阿莫西林组预防效果最佳（仔猪下痢预防有效率为71．7％）,其次是恩诺沙星、阿莫西林组（预防有效率57.2％）;而在3种治疗药物中,以庆大霉素治愈率最高（94.3％）,其次为恩诺沙星（84．0％）和磺胺嘧啶＋地塞米松（77.3％）。