机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响

目的 机插密度对水稻产量和品质有重要影响,但机插株距对优质食味水稻品种产量与群体质量的调控作用尚不清楚。明确优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距可为水稻机械化高产优质栽培提供理论与实践依据。方法 以南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个江苏优质食味水稻品种为材料,在机插行距固定为30 cm的情况下,研究了10、12、14、16和18 cm五种株距对上述水稻品种产量和群体质量的影响。结果 南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46三个水稻品种的茎蘖成穗率、高效叶面积指数、粒叶比(粒重/叶面积)、抽穗后群体冠层净光合速率和抽穗至成熟干物质积累量均在株距为12 cm时最大。上述水稻品种产量均随株距增加呈现先增加先减少的趋势,产量与株距呈二次曲线关系。依据曲线方程计算出两年中南粳9108、南粳5055和南粳46高产最适株距分别为11.6 cm,11.6~12.3 cm和10.8~11.4 cm。结论 机插秧行距固定为30 cm时,11~12 cm的株距有利于改善优质食味水稻的群体质量指标并提高其产量,可作为江苏省代表性优质食味水稻品种的适宜机插株距。     

不同粳稻品种(系)机插稻生态适应性生产力试验报告

2012年高邮市选择广适性好、综合性状优良的粳稻品种(系),进行机插稻生态适应性生产力比较试验,分析不同品种生长特性、产量水平等综合性状,结果表明:南粳49、武运粳27、武运粳24产量较高,可扩大示范种植;扬粳4227、南粳5055熟期偏迟,有一定的种植局限性;     

超级稻新品种南粳9108产量稳定性及高产特征分析

对超级稻新品种南粳9108在2011-2012年江苏省区域试验中产量的稳定性和2013-2014年江苏省机插高产栽培示范方中高产形成的特征特性进行了分析,以期为南粳9108的超高产栽培及示范推广提供理论依据。研究结果表明:(1)南粳9108的丰产性、稳产性和适应性均优于对照淮稻9号,产量潜力较高,通过改善栽培技术或环境能显著增加产量。(2)南粳9108从中高产到高产到更高产再到超高产,群体颖花量不断提高,且不同产量等级间差异显著,而结实率和千粒重在4个产量等级间略有增减,但差异不显著。群体颖花量的提高在由中高产提高到高产的水平上,主要依靠单位面积有效穗数的增加,而由高产提高到更高产再提高到超高产水平,则主要依靠在稳定足够穗数基础上增加每穗粒数。南粳9108产量与群体总颖花量和每穗粒数呈显著正相关,与有效穗数、千粒重和结实率呈不显著正相关。通径分析显示,群体总颖花量对产量的直接作用最大,其次是每穗粒数和有效穗数。千粒重和结实率通过影响有效穗数、每穗粒数和总颖花量而间接影响产量。因此,南粳9108超高产栽培应以足量的穗数获取较大的穗型,保证群体具有较大的总颖花量,并保持正常的结实率与千粒重。     

不同麦稻轮作模式产量、资源利用及经济效益分析

基于南通沿江地区生态条件,以苏裸麦2号、扬麦29和南粳46、南粳5055和南粳9108为供试材料,设置苏裸麦2号-移栽南粳46、苏裸麦2号-直播南粳5055、扬麦29-移栽南粳5055和扬麦29-直播南粳9108这4种麦稻轮作组合处理,通过对其生育特性、产量、稻米食味品质、温光水资源分配利用、经济收益以及资源利用与产量之间的相关性分析,比较元麦-稻模式与小麦-稻模式在南通沿江地区的应用前景。结果表明,苏裸麦2号生育期短于扬麦29,其产量与资源分配也低于扬麦29,扬麦29-移栽南粳5055周年产量稍高,与苏裸麦2号-移栽南粳46差异无统计学意义,但苏裸麦2号-移栽南粳46模式元麦后茬水稻的产量和资源分配高于其他模式,其产量8 548.8 kg/hm²,有效积温2 616.8℃,太阳辐射量3 215.4 MJ/m²,日照时数1 342.10 h,降雨量632.7 mm;其稻米食味品质好于其他模式,外观8.40,口感8.43,综合评分76.55;周年经济收益比其他轮作模式分别高3 465.36、11 847.32、11 867.60元/hm     

南粳5055机插栽培生育表现及高产栽培技术

介绍了南粳5055在江苏省沿江及丘陵地区示范种植的基本情况及该品种的诸如产量构成、秧苗素质、叶蘖动态、生育期、需肥量、综合抗性、植株性状等特征特性表现,对其产量潜力及市场前景等做出了总体评价,对生产过程中表现出来的问题进行了讨论,并总结了其机插高产栽培技术。     

优良食味中熟中粳稻新品种南粳2728的选育与应用

南粳2728系江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所和江苏大丰华丰种业股份有限公司以南粳5055为父本,与武粳15杂交,经数代条纹叶枯病抗性基因、稻瘟病抗性基因与半糯性基因的分子标记辅助选择,及外观与食味品质筛选培育而成的又一个优良食味粳稻新品种。其突出优点是稻米品质优良,直链淀粉含量10%左右。2018年通过江苏省品种审定委员会审定,适宜在江苏省淮北地区种植。本文介绍了其选育经过、特征特性及栽培技术要点。     

南粳5055机插高产栽培特性及农艺性状研究初报

通过对早熟晚粳品种南粳5055机插高产超高产栽培技术集成的初步研究,结果表明:南粳5055茎秆粗壮、弹性好,抗倒性强。与常规栽培模式相比,高产超高产栽培中LAI和干物质积累量在抽穗期及成熟期较高。干物质积累量在拔节期至抽穗期和抽穗期至成熟期分别比常规栽培模式高。并探索了其产量及产量构成因素之间的相关关系,提出了相应的超高产栽培策略。     

优质高产中熟晚粳稻新品种南粳50的选育及栽培技术

南粳50是以含低直链淀粉含量基因Wx-mq和条纹叶枯病抗性基因Stv-bi的日本优质粳稻关东194与江苏高产粳稻武粳13杂交,通过混合系谱法和分子标记辅助选择相结合的技术手段培育而成的优良食味、高产、多抗粳稻新品种。该品种株高适中,株型紧凑,长势较旺,分蘖力较强,穗型较大。650 kg/667 m2的产量结构为:有效穗数20万/667 m2,每穗总粒数140~150粒,结实率90%~95%,千粒重25 g左右。南粳50不仅抗稻瘟病、条纹叶枯病、纹枯病和白叶枯病,而且直链淀粉含量低,稻米食味品质优,适合于高档优质米开发。于2013年通过江苏省品种审定,适宜在江苏苏南地区种植。     

盐优57亩产750公斤群体及培育措施

盐优57系我所1982年用盐粳902不育系与C57V恢复系配组育成的中粳组合。1984～1986年参加北方稻区和江苏省杂粳区试,表现产量优势突出。1986年我所种植1.21亩丰产田,经江苏省农林厅,徐州市科委、徐州市农业局等有关部门验收,每亩实产765.4公斤,创江苏省粳稻单产最高纪录。1987年又种植1.50亩,亩产又创780.9公斤的新水平。试验证明,盐优57在淮北地区比常规中粳具有显著的产量优势,与其它杂交粳稻相比,有更高的产量潜力。 一、高产群体的形成特点　 1、前期早发要获得亩产750公斤产量,既要有足够的穗数,又要有整齐的大穗,两年的实践证明,实现…     

高产味优粳稻分蘖特性及其与群体生产力的关系

以高产优质粳稻品种南粳5718和中产优质粳稻品种常农粳10号为参试材料,比较研究不同基因型品种分蘖发生与成穗特性的蘖位差异,明确高产味优基因型品种的优势叶位。结果表明,高产味优基因型与中产味优基因型在水稻分蘖发生与成穗特性上存在明显差异。与中产味优基因型相比,高产味优基因型一次和二次分蘖发生率与成穗率高,单株与群体成穗数多,花后各蘖位光合特性好,促进了库容充实,最终产量较高,南粳5718产量较常农粳10号显著提高7.7%,较多的有效穗数是其产量优势形成的重要基础。与常农粳10号相比,南粳5718拔节期群体穗数较低,但抽穗期和成熟期则较高。南粳5718和常农粳10号分蘖发生与成穗的优势叶位较为一致,一次分蘖中以4/0、5/0和6/0为主,二次分蘖则以1/4和1/5为主。南粳5718单株成穗数、一次和二次分蘖成穗个数显著高于常农粳10号。不同蘖位对单株成穗数和群体产量的贡献率均表现为一次分蘖>主茎>二次分蘖。南粳5718和常农粳10号产量差异主要体现在一次分蘖和二次分蘖上,南粳5718在花后30 d一次分蘖和二次分蘖剑叶的光合速率和叶绿素含量均显著高于常农粳10号。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。