牛肝胆超声断层扫描研究进展

从１９８４￣１９９７年国内外发表的有关牛肝胆超声显像的２９篇文献中,综述了有其扫描图像及解剖生理指标值、牛胆培植牛黄活体监测、超声显像引导穿刺与肝胆疾病诊断。包含肝胆体表可扫查位置与图像表现及门静脉、肝静脉、胆管、胆囊图像形态特点。对１８６头乳牛、９３头黄牛、２８头水牛的肝胆及脉管测定了３０多项解剖生理指标值。胆囊培植牛黄活体监测可显示牛黄生成数量但不能判定其质量。引导作门静脉、肝静脉插管与胆管穿     

超声断层扫描诊断绵羊早期妊娠的研究

用带５ＭＨｚ探头的多普勒超声和带５ＭＨｚ直肠探头的Ｂ型超声分别从体外和直肠对５只配种１５～１８ｄ种后２５～３８ｄ的蒙古羊随机探查１次，结果，用多普勒超声可在配种后３０～３８ｄ探到胎血音（ＵＭＳ）或胎心音（ＦＨＢ）、判断妊娠，较以往的报告提早５ｄ以上，用Ｂ型超声可在配种后中１８，１９，２０ｄ先后探测胎水，胎体和胎心搏动，判断妊娠较以往报道的提早３～５ｄ。多普勒超声虽然诊断母羊早孕较Ｂ超要晚，但仪器小     

犬乳腺肿瘤的超声断层扫描诊断

在１９只患乳腺肿瘤的母犬研究超声断层扫描技术诊断乳腺肿瘤的有效性和可靠性。首先用超声图像评估乳腺病变的形状,大小,回声及其与周围组织的关系;之后切除肿瘤,进行组织学检查。通过比较超声图像及组织学检查结果,表明在１１例恶性肿瘤中,有９例的肿瘤声图像为不规则的多边形,所有１１例的肿瘤内部回声为非均匀的,７例的肿瘤超声图像规则,呈现为圆球形或卵圆形图像,所有８例的肿瘤内部回声为均质的,且都表现回声增强,     

超声断层扫描在兽医临床的初步应用

超声断层扫描在兽医临床的初步应用陈兆英（北京农业大学动物医学院·１０００９４）张成林（北京动物园兽医院）张一国（现在日本留学）超声波诊断技术自６０年代中期开始在兽医临床应用以来，巳由一维的示波和报警式的Ａ型超声、监听式的Ｄ型超声（多普勒超声），发展到...     

超声断层扫描监测湖羊早孕的应用试验

利用带５ＭＨｚ直肠探头的Ｂ型超声诊断仪对１２只湖羊进行早孕诊断试验，分三组，每组４只。前两组从配种后１０、１１和２１天开始，隔日探查，至妊娠５２天；后一组从配种后１６、１７天开始，每日探查，至配种后２４￣２８天。试验羊有６只怀孕，怀孕羊最早在配种后第１６、１７天可探查到妊娠子宫，第１８、１９天可探查到胎体和胎心搏动。依探查到妊娠子宫、胎体和胎心搏动判断妊娠，其准确率分别在配种后２１和２３天即可达１     

超声断层扫描对湖羊胚胎-胎儿发育的研究

1 材料与方法 1.1 试验羊的选择与分组试验羊为浙江省余杭湖羊场临床健康的纯种妊娠湖羊24只,配种日定为0天,根据妊娠期分为5组,每组4只,第1组为配种后第10～52天,每周B超探查3次;第2组为第44～60天每周探查3次,61～100天每周探查2次;第3组为第105～115天,第4组为第120～130天,第5组为第135～145天,这3组均每5天探查1次.     

犬正常肝胆B超影像的初步研究

利用加拿大Ami-900型兽用超声断层扫描诊断仪,分别对7只健康的犬进行了肝胆超声断层扫描的反复实验观察、记录。结果表明:犬的肝脏B超影像最好于右侧10～11肋间及最后肋弓边缘处探查,在左侧则可在第11肋间及最后肋弓边缘探查到相应一侧的肝叶的B超影像;而胆囊的正常B超影像则在胸骨剑突下方的体表可探到;肝实质区呈均匀清晰的弱回声影像,肝脏的下边缘切面轮廓为回声较强的锐角图像;门静脉及肝静脉系统清晰可见,并可据其管壁的回声强弱加以分辨,一般肝门脉具有较强回声的管壁影像;胆囊为边缘光滑整齐的类三角形、椭圆形或梨形的无回声液性暗区。同时,也初步测定了一些犬的正常肝胆超声图像指标值。     

超声断层扫描定期监测规模化猪场母猪妊娠的初步试验

超声断层扫描定期监测规模化猪场母猪妊娠的初步试验陈兆英，论士春（北京农业大学动物医学院１０００９４）刘语菲，孙桂元（北京市卢沟桥农场１０００７１）超声断层扫描（Ｂ超）是四大医学影像诊断方法之一，它可实时观察早孕的子宫、胚胎和胎儿发育。１９８５年Ｇ．Ｈ...     

超声断层扫描在母猪妊娠监测中的应用

超声波诊断是 6 0年代发展起来的检测技术 ,在畜牧兽医领域的应用 ,目前已由 A型、D型发展到了具有二维图像的 B型。B型是断层扫描 ,是一种成熟的高科技诊断技术 ,能在活体实时影像观察早孕的子官、胚囊、胚胎发育、测背膘厚度和眼肌面积 ,是猪畜种科研和日常生产十分有用的检测工具。 1985年G.H.Jackson将其用于监测母猪妊娠 ,认为这是一种能快速和高度准确检测母猪妊娠的好方法 ,适用于配种 2 4天以后。至于测背膘厚度和眼肌面积 70年中期就有报道。 80年代中期我国开始引进 B超 ,主要作为引进种猪的配套技术 ,故仅见用于育种测量膘厚…     

超声图像监测牛妊娠早期胚胎发育

本文综述了应用超声图像控测牛妊娠早期（６０天之内）孕体（Ｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｕｓ）发育、胚胎（Ｅｍｂｒｙｏ）死亡及死亡前后的生理变化、以及鉴定胎儿（Ｆｅｔｕｓ）性别的可能性存在问题。     

不同品种和年龄牛胆囊的比较组织学研究

通过对八例健康黄牛和健康小牛胆囊的比较组织学观察，我们发现，牛胆囊中以颈部粘膜皱臂明显，体部渐平坦，底部最少。粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，内有少量杯关细胞，大部分胆囊可见有淋巴滤泡，但是在血管周围未见淋巴和异染细胞的浸润，证明滤泡的形成与胆囊感洒无关。这种淋巴滤泡在黄牛胆囊中较多，水牛胆囊仅见一例。在黄牛和水牛胆囊中，均有腺体存在，黄牛的腺体明显多于水牛。腺体分为浆液腺、粘液腺和混合腺。老龄牛胆囊中腺     

ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF FATTY INFILTRATION OF THE LIVER IN DAIRY CATTLE USING LIVER-KIDNEY CONTRAST

Ultrasonography of both the liver and kidney in 150 dairy cows was attempted using a grey-scale sonograph with a 3.5 MHz transducer and a linear array electronic scanner. Liver and kidney specimens were examined microscopically and fatty occupying rate was calculated. Digital analysis of hepatic and renal ultrasonograms was performed. The echoes from different areas of the liver and kidney at 1 and 3 cm from the peritoneum were quantified as histogram mean (Emean) and histogram mode (Emode) values of echo amplitude.
Liver-kidney contrast was performed only in 38 out of 150 animals. In the other 112 animals, no images of the liver and kidney at the same distance from the peritoneum could be obtained. Out of 38 animals, 23 had a normal liver and 15 had fatty infiltration of the liver (7, 5 and 3 animals had mild, moderate and severe fatty infiltration, respectively). Fatty infiltration of the kidney was also seen in animals whose liver had >10% fatty occupying rate. At 1 cm from the peritoneum, the hepatic Emeans and Emodes were significantly different from the renal Emeans and Emodes in animals with severe fatty infiltration of the liver (p < 0.05). The results show that for diagnosis of fatty infiltration of the liver, Ultrasonography using liver-kidney contrast has only limited use in dairy cattle.     

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF HYDROPIC DEGENERATION OF THE LIVER IN DAIRY CATTLE THROUGH BIOCHEMISTRY, ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND DIGITAL ANALYSIS

Ultrasonography of the liver of 181 Holstein-Friesian cows was performed and blood samples were collected for analysis. The hepatic ultrasonograms were evaluated and the echoes were analyzed digitally. After slaughter, liver specimens were taken and examined histopathologically. Of the 181 animals, 120 had a normal liver and 61 had hydropic degeneration of the liver, diagnosed through histopathologic examination. Diagnostic accuracy rates for hydropic degeneration were determined based on the following test positive conditions: a) for biochemical analysis—high levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin and non-esterified fatty acids; b) for ultrasonography—presence of dark pattern and blurring of edges; and c) for digital analysis—low echo means at 1 cm and 3 cm from the hepatic surface. Digital analysis had the highest overall specificity, accuracy and positive predictive values for hydropic degeneration, followed by ultrasonography. The results suggest that ultrasonography and digital analysis of hepatic ultrasonograms can be used for diagnosis of hydropic degeneration of the liver in place of biochemical analysis.     

交叉感染后黄牛与水牛枯氏住肉孢子虫包囊超微结构的比较研究

选用4头7日龄奶牛和4头4～5月龄水牛,用水牛源孢子囊感染黄牛及黄牛源孢子囊感染水牛,同时设感染对照和不感染对照,对交叉感染后黄牛与水牛体内包囊的超微结构进行了比较研究,结果发现两者无结构区别,所有包囊的超微结构均与前人对黄牛和水牛枯氏住肉孢子虫包囊的描述一致,证实水牛与黄牛同是枯氏住肉孢子虫的中间宿主。作者还首次在枯民住肉孢子虫包囊的母细胞和缓殖子发现晶状体。     

驴,马卵泡发育及黄体形成的超声显像初步研究

本实验采用实时Ｂ型超声显像法,初步观察了１６头母驴和１７匹马发情期卵泡发育及黄体形成。卵泡为一轮廓完整的液性器官,卵泡液呈无回声（暗区）。卵泡壁在排卵前变薄,回声增强,轮廓更加清晰。７５％的马卵泡在排卵前２天由椭圆形变为梨形或锥形,大部分驴的卵泡始终保持椭圆形。９０％以上的驴和／或马的卵巢上有多个卵泡发育,多卵泡发育比单卵泡发育排卵迟缓。驴的最大卵泡从排卵前５天开始迅速增大,于排卵前１天达到最大（     

双峰驼肝脏弥漫性脂肪瘤的发现及其与微量元素关系的探讨

１９９１～１９９２年，在内蒙古阿拉善右旗和甘肃省民勤县双峰驼肝脏发现一种罕见的脂肪瘤。眼观，这种脂肪瘤呈大小不一的结节状，弥漫分布于整个肝脏。镜下，它由成熟的脂肪细胞和少量纤维结缔组织构成，其间夹杂变性、坏死的肝细胞。流行病学调查表明，该肿瘤主要发生于荒漠和半荒漠草原全年放牧的双峰驼，发病率高达２７．６％。病变肝组织的元素分析发现，Ｃｕ含量明显降低，且Ｆｅ与Ｃｕ含量呈强负直线相关（ｒ＝－０．７１０），表明该肿瘤的发生与低Ｃｕ有关，这种低铜可能是由于高Ｆｅ所引起的。     

牛的肾段动脉和肾段

肾实质的肾段由各肾段动脉供应血液，因肾段动脉之间无吻合支，故不存在段间的侧副循环，当某一肾段动脉阻塞，势必造成该肾段的血循障碍，从而引起肾坏死。在有关人体解的剖的著作中对肾段动脉与肾段已有明确的阐述，但在兽医解剖界尚未见论及，连兽医国际解剖学名记词（Ｎ．Ａ，）尚无肾段（Ｓｅｇｍｅｎａｔ ｒｅｎａｌｉａ）的名词。我对１３只黄牛肾的血管及输尿管道的铸型标本进行了观察，初步将牛的肾段动脉分为七支，它们是     

奶牛新孢子虫病诊断方法研究进展

新孢子虫病是导致奶牛流产的主要原因之一，给奶牛业造成很大的经济损失。各国学者对新孢子虫病的诊断方法进行了大量的研究工作。本文对奶牛新孢子虫病的临床诊断、病原学诊断、血清学诊断及分子生物学诊断方法的研究进展进行了综述。     

QUALITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE LIVER IN OBESE CATS

A prospective study was undertaken to compare the relative echogenicity of the liver and the fat of the falciform ligament in two groups of clinically normal obese cats. In the first group of cats, four of eight normal weight cats were fed a high calorie diet ad libitum for a 12 week period at which time they were considered obese. The liver was hyperechoic when compared to the adjacent fat of the falciform ligament in the obese cats. In the second group of cats, the body condition of a group of eight clinically normal cats was subjectively graded. On ultrasonographic examination, the liver of those cats considered to be overweight were hyperechoic compared to the adjacent fat of the falciform ligament. Results from this study suggest that clinically normal obese cats may have a liver that is hyperechoic relative to the fat of the falciform ligament.