智能型母猪群养管理系统的应用体会

限位栏的长期使用对母猪生产性能产生了较多的负面影响,而且也剥夺了母猪的福利。为了提高母猪的生产性能,猪场引进了智能型母猪群养管理系统,以探讨新的母猪饲养管理模式。     

妊娠母猪"大栏群养智能管理"动物福利养殖模式生产情况初报

2015-2016年,对2617头"大栏群养智能管理"和3269头"限位栏饲养"的妊娠母猪生产情况,进行观察对比.结果表明,二种方式的顺产率(试验组92.44%vs.对照组90.33%)和流产率(试验组1.63%vs.对照组3.90%)差异显著(<0.05),其余指标差异均不显著(>0.05);产道疾病构成死亡淘汰的主要原因,其中试验组为51.72%(15/29),对照组为97.50%(39/40).此外,妊娠母猪实施大栏群养智能管理,母猪更为舒适、 健康,也直观上体现了动物福利.     

不同饲养模式对母猪分娩前后行为影响的研究

为了研究限位栏饲养模式和群养模式对母猪在分娩前和分娩后行为的影响,选取限位栏饲养模式下的大白和杜洛克怀孕母猪各18头、群养模式下的大白和杜洛克怀孕母猪各10头,记录在分娩前2周以及分娩后3周内的母猪行为,分析母猪分娩前后的行为差异以及不同饲养模式对母猪行为的影响。结果表明,所有母猪行为中,趴卧时间均占观察时间比例最高(85%),分娩后母猪趴卧时间增长(93%),而分娩前犬坐和站立时间占观察时间比例相对较少(3.5%和11.5%),分娩后其占观察时间比例更小(2.2%和4.3%)。在两种饲养模式下,两个品种母猪在分娩前的站立时间以及舔、嗅和针对饮水器等行为的频率均显著高于分娩后(P0.05),分娩后的趴卧时间和针对饲槽的行为频率则显著更高(P0.05),表明在两种饲养模式下,母猪在分娩前与后的行为均表现出显著差异,而杜洛克母猪分娩前与后的行为差异更明显。在分娩前,限位栏饲养的两个品种母猪的啃栏和针对饮水器行为的频率显著高于群养母猪(P0.05),而分娩后群养大白和杜洛克母猪的趴窝行为均显著高于限位栏饲养的大白和杜洛克母猪(P0.05),表明限位栏饲养的母猪较群养母猪规癖行为发生频率更高,福利水平较差。     

母猪智能化群养技术的应用

现在规模化猪场中母猪一般是在单体限位栏中饲养,空间狭小,母猪运动很少,容易应激,繁殖效率较低、淘汰率高。智能化群养技术将母猪从定位栏里解放出来,符合母猪的天性,能充分发挥母猪的生产潜能。文内综述了智能化群养系统原理、优点和应用现状,供同行参考。     

智能化母猪群养管理系统——母猪饲养中的数字化技术

中国是养猪大国,但不是养猪强国.在外源良种广为普及的今天,中国养猪业的生产水平远远落后于欧美国家的生产水平.外源良种母猪年提供商品猪能力在22～26头,欧美国家多可达到此水平,一些猪场还超过了26头,养猪业的生产力得到充分的释放.     

群养母猪同步产仔经济效果初探

仔猪存活率高低不但是衡量母猪繁殖力的重要指标,也是养猪生产中能否获得经济效益的重要一环.仔猪死亡率的大小受多种因素影响,其中产仔多,母猪奶头少是仔猪夭折的原因之一.据我们对贵阳市云岩区黔灵乡103窝,1098头仔猪的调查,窝产仔数14头以上的有24胎,产活仔猪372头,仔猪死亡率为23.3%,比平均数18.92%高4.48个百分点.僵猪24头几乎占僵猪总数的1/2.在传统饲养条件下,不同的产仔数其成活情况见表1.     

Velos智能化群养系统对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

正为了探讨velos智能化母猪群养系统对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响,试验选择第2胎~4胎妊娠母猪96头随机分成两组,对照组48头采用集约化限位栏饲养,试验组48头采用velos智能化母猪群养系统饲养。1材料和方法1.1试验时间与地点试验于2013年11月6日至2014年3月26日在广西农垦永新畜牧集团新兴有限公司月亮塘原种猪场进行。1.2试验设计     

单栏限位饲养下母猪繁殖性能的探讨

现代化养猪生产已由散养、小规模的传统方式转变为关闭、大规模、流水式饲养,即通称所指的工厂化、集约化、规模化养猪。由于饲养制度的改变,母猪单栏限位饲养已成为当今现代化养猪的基本规则之一。单栏限位饲养是指母猪妊娠、分娩、哺乳三个时期均饲养在只供母躺卧、采食、饮水、排粪便及分娩哺乳等活动单栏内,母猪能略作前后运动而不能前后转身,饲养方式的变化必     

提高群养母猪繁殖力的途径（上）

母猪年育成断奶成活仔猪头数和重量是衡量养猪场(户)生产水平和经济效益最重要的指标。母猪群的繁殖力,受到五种因素的影响:①青年母猪比例;②后备母猪留种至配种的时间间隔;③每窝断奶仔猪数;④年产胎数;⑤母猪断奶至淘汰的时间间隔。根据笔者在牧场工作期间的探索研究和实践经验,采取以下综合技术措施,将其贯穿于配种、妊娠、分娩、哺育和断奶的每一过程之中,使之达到每头母猪年产胎数2.1～2.3胎、年育成仔猪数26～28头、10周龄头重达22公斤     

Survey among Belgian pig producers about the introduction of group housing systems for gestating sows

There is a global move from individual to group housing of gestating sows. In the European Union, individual gestating stalls will be banned by 2013. Just like in other industrialized regions, these stalls have been the standard housing system for intensively kept sows from the 1960s onward in the Flemish region of Belgium. Because the socioeconomic consequences for the pig industry may be far-reaching and because farmer attitude may influence the realization of the hoped-for improvement in animal welfare in practice, we conducted a survey from 2003 until 2009 among representative samples of Flemish pig producers every 2 yr. The share of farms with group housing increased from 10.5% in 2003 to 29.8% in 2007, but then dropped to 24.6% in 2009. It appears that after 2005 users of old group housing systems in particular stopped farming. Because sow herd size increased more on farms with vs. without group housing and because the proportion of the herd that was group-housed also tended to increase between 2003 to 2009, the change to group housing took place faster when expressed at the level of the sow (from 9.1% in 2003 to 34.1% in 2009) instead of farm. The percentage of farmers planning to convert to group housing within 2 yr was 4.1% in 2003, and 6 to 7% thereafter. These were typically young farmers (P = 0.006) with a large sow herd (P < 0.001) and with a likely successor (P = 0.03). Free access stalls were the most common group housing system (31% of farms, 37% of sows). Their popularity is expected to increase further at the expense of electronic feeding stations, ad libitum feeding, and stalls/troughs with manual feed delivery. User satisfaction was generally high but depended on whether or not all gestating sows were kept in group (P < 0.001), the provisioning of environmental enrichment (P = 0.057), and the age (P = 0.012) and type (P = 0.016) of system. The main criteria for choosing a certain group housing system were the investment costs and sow health and welfare. The importance of economic reasons (P = 0.007) and type of labor (P = 0.043) decreased with the age of the system. In 2003 and 2005 the main reason for not having converted to group housing was that farmers would stop keeping sows by 2013. In 2007 and 2009 the reasons mainly concerned uncertainty about the future and maximally delaying the conversion. Belgium is one of the European Union countries where the pig industry is expected to undergo drastic changes during the few years remaining before the ban on individual housing.     

Automated oestrus detection methods in group housed sows: Review of the current methods and perspectives for development

This paper reviews the current automation methods of oestrus detection in group housed sows and points out their limitations. Results from non-automated methods are also presented, in an effort to draw conclusions to assist in the development of new automatic methods. Automatic measurement of physical traits, e.g. body temperature, collect non-specific information but may be combined with activity measurements, where information specific to the onset of oestrus should be given more weight. The perspective for the development of new methods relies mostly upon the measure of behavioural traits; Global Positioning System or computer vision present interesting possibilities that assist in the recognition of behavioural changes related to the onset of oestrus. Sensitivity and specificity of the methods must be carefully balanced so a better detection does not mean a higher work input associated to checking sows that are not in oestrus.     

Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis: evidence for prevention by maternal antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen

Foals with the Ca blood group antigen on their RBC were given colostrum with anti-Ca antibodies (6 foals) or colostrum without anti-Ca antibodies (6 foals). The PCV were determined at birth and 2, 4, and 6 days after birth for the foals in each group. Significant differences were not observed for the PCV between the 2 groups, indicating that foals were not adversely affected by ingesting colostrum with the anti-Ca antibody. Standardbred mares without the Aa blood group antigen were evaluated to determine whether production of anti-Ca antibodies influenced production of anti-Aa antibodies. Of 266 mares without the Aa antigen, 3 of 61 (5%) mares without the Ca blood group antigen produced anti-Aa antibodies and 43 of 205 (21%) with the Ca blood group antigen produced anti-Aa antibodies. These 2 groups of mares were significantly (P = 0.006) different; Ca-negative mares were less likely to produce antibodies to Aa than were mares with the Ca blood group antigen. This observation was consistent with a hypothesis of antibody-mediated immunosuppression of immune response to the Aa blood group antigen by antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen, ie, when a mare is exposed to her foal's RBC and already has antibodies to the Ca blood group antigen on the foal's RBC, then she is less likely to initiate an immune response to the Aa blood group antigen also on the foal's RBC.     

贵州香猪内源钙磷代谢及7～25kg生长阶段的钙磷沉积规律与需要量研究

为研究贵州香猪维持和生长的钙、磷需要量,选择3.5 ～4.0月龄,遗传来源相似,体重(11.06±2.61) kg的贵州从江香猪和剑白香猪去势公猪各6头,采用无钙无磷纯合饲粮法进行代谢试验,测定贵州香猪内源钙与内源磷的代谢规律.并选择60～75日龄贵州从江香猪34头,采用扣除蛋白质等消化能(DEpf)饲粮设计和比较屠宰...     

Pathology and toxicology findings for search-and-rescue dogs deployed to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack sites: initial five-year surveillance

A long-term surveillance study was conducted on 95 search-and-rescue (S&R) dogs deployed to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack sites; an additional 55 nondeployed S&R dogs served as controls. After 5 years of surveillance, 32% of the deployed dogs have died and 24% of the nondeployed dogs. The mean age at the time of death in these 2 groups of dogs is not significantly different. Causes of death in both groups of dogs include inflammatory, degenerative, and proliferative conditions. No primary pulmonary tumors have been identified to date nor has any significant level of toxicant been found in the tissues from these dogs using assays for general organic compounds and metals or, specifically, for polychlorinated biphenyls. However, significant numbers of both deployed and nondeployed dogs have evidence of inhaled matter as demonstrated by the presence of anthracotic pigments or refractile particulate matter in pulmonary tissue. Although S&R activities in response to the 9/11 terrorist attacks exposed dogs to a wide variety of potentially toxic compounds, to date, these dogs do not appear to suffer from higher mortality or increased pulmonary disease compared with nondeployed dogs. To the authors' knowledge, the current survey represents the first long-term and large-scale survey of the pathology and toxicology of S&R dogs deployed to a major disaster site.     

Standard PK/PD concepts can be applied to determine a dosage regimen for a macrolide: the case of tulathromycin in the calf

The pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of tulathromycin, administered to calves subcutaneously at the dosage of 2.5 mg/kg, was established in serum, inflamed (exudate), and noninflamed (transudate) fluids in a tissue cage model. The PK profile of tulathromycin was also established in pneumonic calves. For Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, tulathromycin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were approximately 50 times lower in calf serum than in Mueller–Hinton broth. The breakpoint value of the PK/pharmacodynamic (PD) index (AUC_(0–24 h)/MIC) to achieve a bactericidal effect was estimated from in vitro time‐kill studies to be approximately 24 h for M. haemolytica and P. multocida. A population model was developed from healthy and pneumonic calves and, using Monte Carlo simulations, PK/PD cutoffs required for the development of antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were determined. The population distributions of tulathromycin doses were established by Monte Carlo computation (MCC). The computation predicted a target attainment rate (TAR) for a tulathromycin dosage of 2.5 mg/kg of 66% for M. haemolytica and 87% for P. multocida. The findings indicate that free tulathromycin concentrations in serum suffice to explain the efficacy of single‐dose tulathromycin in clinical use, and that a dosage regimen can be computed for tulathromycin using classical PK/PD concepts.     

Breeding objectives for beef cattle used in different production systems: 2. Model application to production systems with the Charolais breed

A general bio-economic model for beef cattle production was used to define breeding objectives for Charolais cattle to be utilized in a variety of linked production systems. Economic weights were calculated for 16 traits (some with both direct and maternal components) in three production systems (pure-breeding and terminal crossing with beef or dairy cows) and two marketing strategies (sale or fattening of weaned surplus calves). Economic weights for the total breeding objective were calculated as weighted averages, where weights were numbers of cows expected to be mated with Charolais bulls in each production system and marketing strategy. Results suggest that the direct component of calving performance and cow longevity were of primary economic importance in all systems. Conception rate of cows and weaning weight reached about 50% of the standardized economic weight of calving performance in purebred systems with sale of weaned calves, whereas in purebred systems with fattening the economic importance of the direct component of cow conception rate, losses at calving, mature weight of cows, weaning weight, and fattening traits were of equal importance (each approximately about 20% that of calving performance). In terminal crossing systems, weaning weight was important when calves were sold at weaning, and fattening traits were important for systems selling fattened animals. The bio-economic model performed well under the conditions of this demonstration and could easily be customized for other applications.