农业机械作业安全事故问题探究

近些年,农村经济得到迅速发展,农业机械的需求量也在持续增加,而随之由农业机械引发的安全事故也频频出现,这就加剧了农业机械事故的处理难度,因此寻求一条解决农业机械作业安全事故的方法成为相关工作者的共同目标。基于此,分析了导致农业机械安全事故发生的原因及农业机械作业事故的特点,并在此基础上提出了预防农业机械安全事故的实际策略,以期实现农业机械安全作业。     

浅谈水保项目施工现场安全管理

水保项目施工过程中发生工伤事故甚至伤亡事故的情况屡见不鲜。为保障施工人员生命安全和施工设备正常运转,必须牢固树立安全生产无小事的观念,从处理措施和事故抑制管理方面加强对水保项目施工现场的安全管理,坚持以人为本,全员、全过程、全方位、全天候狠抓安全管理,杜绝安全事故的发生。     

农村青少年田径体育训练与教学

青少年体育教育是我国教育体系中不可缺失的部分,田径运动项目以其诸多优势在体育教育教学中占据很大比重,抓好青少年田径体育教学不仅仅是在为学生体质健康奠定基础,也是为我国体育经济产业现代化发展提供长久动力.我国是农业大国,农村人口比例大,体育产业扶贫是我国精准扶贫政策中的重要部分.     

我国农业机械安全生产管理现状及对策

随着现代农业的发展,农业机械化也得到了很好的推广和应用,为农业经济发展作出了巨大的贡献。但在农业机械使用的过程中,经常会有一系列的安全事故发生,如何提高农业机械使用的安全水平,杜绝安全事故的发生,提高其安全管理水平和农业生产效率,是当前农业发展中必须解决的问题。基于此,分析我国农业机械安全生产管理现状,并提出一些问题的解决策略,希望能够在提高农业机械化发展水平同时,我国的农业机械安全管理也能得到更好的发展。     

三类农药的安全储藏法

农药从外部形态而言一般分为固体农药、液体农药和气体农药等3种。这3种农药因形态不同而性能各异,因此对储藏的环境条件均有不同的要求,储藏中如果稍不注意,就容易发生变质失效,甚至引起安全事故的发生。下面分别介绍3种农药的储藏特点和注意事项。     

农村学校体育保健课程开放式教学研究

体育保健作为一门研究体育运动与健康教育的综合性应用学科,其主要任务是利用体育运动知识和医疗保健技术,对运动员进行运动指导和医护监督,以保障运动安全、增强身体素质以及提高运动技能.开展体育保健开放式实验教学,有利于培养学生独立思考和实践操作能力,养成科学严谨、实事求是的思想精神.农村体育教学作为我国现代化体育教育发展工作...     

大学体育教学中膳食营养教育创新探索

在中国特色社会主义现代化发展的新时期下,大众的生活习惯与饮食习惯也将随着经济发展与社会变化而逐渐发生改变,其中大学生作为祖国未来发展与社会建设的中坚力量,他们的身体健康和膳食营养状况将受到整个国家及社会的重点关注。大学体育教学课程主要通过教育教学的方式帮助学生掌握一定的体育运动基础知识和技能,以此促进学生的身心健康及良好发展,让学生可以在日常的学习工作和生活发展中长期保持着良好的精神状态和身体状态,未来无论在哪个领域都能够实现有效发展。     

红安县水保局建立安全生产管理长效机制

<正>多年来,红安县水保局一直把安全生产管理工作列入重要议事日程,常抓不懈,建立了一整套安全生产管理长效机制,连续11年杜绝了水土保持项目施工现场安全事故的发生,多次得到省、市、县安检部门的充分肯定。其主要经验有以下几点:一是领导重视。主要领导亲自抓,主管副局长具体抓,配     

永川区农产品质量安全检测中心:“四举措”保障农产品质量安全

<正>坚持"保质、增量、树品牌"的思路,狠抓检测、监管能力建设,开展农产品质量安全追溯体系、产地准出和监管示范县建设,历年来重大农产品安全事故零发生。一是强化组织领导。成立了农产品质量安全领导小组,牵头负责全区农产品质量安全监管工作,加强     

新农村体育服务体系中的学校体育训练发展——以“2023年全国青少年体育工作会议”为例

<正>随着新农村建设的深入推进,农村体育服务体系逐渐受到重视。学校体育训练作为该体系中的重要组成部分,对于培养农村青少年的体育兴趣、提高体育技能、增强身体素质具有重要意义。然而,当前新农村学校体育训练发展仍面临诸多挑战,如师资力量薄弱、训练设施不完善、教学理念落后等。学校体育训练是培养优秀运动员的重要途径之一,对于农村地区来说更是如此。通过开展学校体育训练,可以发掘农村青少年的体育潜力,培养出更多优秀的运动员,为国家和地方体育事业做出贡献,同时,也能为新农村建设提供有力的人才保障。对此,在2023年《关于深化体教融合促进青少年健康发展的意见》中,提及让体育运动成为孩子的健康必修课,从而推动全国青少年体育运动发展壮大。     

三峡库区土地资源安全初探

土地资源安全是人类赖以生存的基础,是社会经济发展的物质依托,是区域可持续发展的先决条件。三峡库区是我国十分独特的一个区域,在阐述土地资源安全概念的基础上就三峡库区土地资源安全状况存在的问题进行了全面的分析,最后针对库区土地资源安全存在问题提出了几点建议和措施。     

Safety assessments of agricultural machinery in Iran

Serious agriculture-related accidents are increasing in Iran, and this has come to the attention of authorities and planners. Due to the lack of data for this region of the world, research was conducted in different states of Iran to assess the most common causes of agriculture-related injuries. The relevant factors were divided into the three groups: personal, mechanical, and environmental. The major personal factors were education level, age, experience, injured limb, hospitalization period, gender, injury level, training, working hours, and insurance. The mechanical factors were machine type, machine part, mechanism of injury, machine's effective life, work activity at the time of injury, safety equipment, and insurance. The environmental factors were time of incident, geographical conditions of the accident location, and the time lapse between the accident and arrival at the hospital. The interactions between the various factors were also analyzed. All data were collected directly from farmers or their relatives. Data collection efforts were led by an official from the nearest health center or the local government agricultural office. The results indicated that 53% of injuries were related to personal factors, and 40% were related to the combination of personal and mechanical factors. The results confirmed that tractors and rotating parts were associated with the highest percentage of injuries in machine-related accidents. Lack of safety equipment and working beyond effective machine life was also observed in most cases. Personal factors need to be carefully considered in this region; insufficient levels of education and training were the main personal factors related to agricultural accidents. The results suggest that experience without training does not prevent injury, as more than 80% of injuries occurred to individuals with no training. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant effect of safety equipment and training on injuries. This study showed that agricultural injuries were severe in 60% of cases.     

The CATCH Kids Club: a pilot after-school study for improving elementary students' nutrition and physical activity

BACKGROUND: Although many school-based diet and physical activity interventions have been designed and evaluated, relatively few have been tested for the after-school setting. After-school day-care programmes at either elementary schools or private locations provide a ready-made opportunity for health programmes that may be difficult to incorporate into an already-full school day. The purpose of this paper is to report on a pilot study of an after-school adaptation of the CATCH (Coordinated Approach To Child Health) elementary school programme called the CATCH Kids Club (CKC). METHODS: The CKC was pilot-tested and formatively evaluated in 16 Texas after-school programmes: eight in El Paso and eight in Austin (four intervention and four reference sites each). Evaluation consisted of direct observation of moderate to vigorous physical activity during play time, self-reported food intake and physical activity, and focus group interviews with after-school programme staff. RESULTS: Students responded well to the physical activity and snack components and were less interested in the five-module education component. Routine staff training was a key variable in achieving proper implementation; the ideal would be a full day with repeated follow-up model teaching visits. Staff turnover was a logistic issue, as was programme leader readiness and interest in conducting the programme. Strong and significant effects were observed for the physical activity but not for the education component. The results of the physical education component suggest it is feasible, effective and ready for larger-scale evaluation or dissemination.     

Factors influencing the occurrence and severity of farm accidents: comparing work-related and nonwork-related events

Economic incentives are emerging as useful preventive approaches to motivating farmers to adopt safer farming and managerial practices. The effectiveness of these programs and incentives will be enhanced by focusing resources on factors that play a critical role in contributing to farm accidents and the injury severity. A primary objective is to identify and assess the relative impact of factors that jointly influence the probability of work-related farm accidents relative to nonwork-related accidents and the severity of farm accidents. The model uses survey data on producer characteristics, farm organization, and work routines from the Georgia Healthy Farmers Project (GHFP). A probit model describing the factors that influence the probability of a work-related accident is estimated jointly with an ordered probit model for farm accident severity. The probit model indicates that older farmers and hired farm workers have higher probabilities of experiencing work-related accidents relative to nonwork-related events. Significant variables that influence the severity of farm accidents are more difficult to identify from the ordered probit models for both work-related and nonwork-related farm accidents.     

Role of India's Anganwadi Center in Securing Food and Nutrition for Mothers and Children

India's 2013 National Food Security Act identifies Anganwadi centers (the courtyard shelter) as responsible for ensuring the food and nutrition for mothers and children. This article proposes four essential reforms that must take place to revitalize the languishing Anganwadi system: (a) strengthen implementation of the Integrated Child and Development Services (ICDS) through greater outreach and education; (b) boost incentives for Anganwadi workers and Anganwadi health workers; (c) bring together different government stakeholders to provide the integrative framework needed; and (d) improve monitoring and evaluation of Anganwadis so as to better gauge not just performance of workers, but also health and nutrition outcomes among women and children.     

Food habits and physical activity patterns among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the food habits and physical (in)activity patterns and to investigate the relationship with sociodemographic factors among Palestinian adolescents. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The Palestinian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) is a cross-sectional survey of grades 6, 8, 10 and 12. Students completed a modified version of the international HBSC questionnaire. A total of 8885 students were included in this analysis; 53% were from the West Bank and 47% from the Gaza Strip. RESULTS: Adolescents in the West Bank consume more fruit, meat, chicken, sweets and soft drinks, but less vegetables than adolescents in Gaza (P<0.01). Girls reported more daily consumption of fruit, vegetables and sweets than boys (P<0.001), and less consumption of soft drinks, milk, meat and chicken (P<0.01). Boys were physically more active than girls (P<0.01), whereas girls reported doing more homework (P<0.001). Both boys and girls reported less physical activity with increasing age (P<0.001). Consumption of fruit and milk was positively associated with both parents' education, while consumption of meat, chicken and soft drinks was positively associated with mother's education only. Having breakfast on schooldays was positively associated with the father's education. Physical activity and television viewing were associated with the mother's education (P<0.01). The parents' level of education had no effect on vegetable consumption and dieting status. CONCLUSION: This study indicated that there are problems with Palestinian adolescents' eating, dieting and physical activity. Regional, gender and parental socio-economic status differences should be taken into account in developing interventions. More detailed studies are needed with more elaborate instruments about food habits and physical activity of adolescents.     

Slow-moving vehicles in Swedish traffic

The objective of this study was to reach a better understanding of accidents on Swedish roads involving slow-moving vehicles and to suggest ways of preventing such accidents. We analyzed accident data from a 5-year period (1992-1996) involving all types of farm vehicles as well as horses and horse-drawn vehicles. During each year of the period under investigation, slow-moving vehicles were involved in more than 250 traffic accidents on Swedish roads, and an average of 10 people were killed, 66 sustained serious injuries, and 192 sustained slight injuries. This was about 1.3% of all persons injured in traffic accidents in Sweden. The deaths and injuries mostly involved car drivers and passengers. Tractor drivers and unprotected road users (people walking or traveling by motorcycle, moped, or bicycle) also sustained serious injuries and deaths. Vehicles overtaking slow-moving vehicles from behind were the most common type of accident (30%), followed by turning accidents (27%), accidents at crossroads (26%), and with oncoming vehicles (17%). To strengthen the suggestions for improvement, a questionnaire was sent out to driving school teachers in Sweden. Subjects were asked about their experiences with farm vehicles on the roads and their suggestions for ways to increase traffic safety. Based on the accident data and the questionnaire responses, we developed several suggestions for reducing road accidents, including measures for making farm vehicles more visible, improvement of the training provided at driving schools, and information campaigns directed at drivers of farm vehicles and other road users. Further in-depth research is needed to analyze road accidents involving slow-moving vehicles and to test different intervention measures.     

Worker health and safety in concentrated animal feeding operations

A trend in consolidating livestock and poultry operations into concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) potentially increases farm worker exposure to the hazards associated with high animal density conditions. The two main contributors of documented injury (fatal and non-fatal) are related to accidents with machinery and animals. Tractor rollovers are the leading accident in the area of farming machinery issues; kicks, bites, and workers being pinned between animals and fixed objects are non-machinery issues typically caused by inadequate precautions taken in the vicinity of livestock. These types of accidents are well documented; however, recommended safety strategies continue to be studied to reduce the risks and numbers of injuries associated with both machines and animals. Unlike accidents involving machinery and animals, air emission exposure and potential health effects from CAFOs are not well documented. CAFOs have the potential to show higher gaseous and particulate matter emissions compared to smaller farms. Pollutants like hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, and endotoxin are emitted on CAFOs and can potentially affect worker health. These specific air emissions, their sources, and some of their harmful capabilities have been identified, and regulations have been implemented to create improved work environments on CAFOs. Despite such precautions, farm workers continue to report respiratory health symptoms related to their work environment. Air pollutant exposure and its health effects on farm workers require focused research to arrive at improved safety strategies that include mitigation techniques and protective gear to minimize adverse effects of working in CAFOs.     

LEC法在供电企业风险评估管理系统中的应用

供电企业风险评估系统主要是用来评估人工操作电力生产设备中可能发生的事故及其相应的概率,是提高反事故工作预见性和安全投资效益,达到超前控制、减少和消灭事故的有力工具。由于LEC法直观、应用广泛的特点,在供电企业风险评估管理系统中易于实现。     

The effects of socio-economic status on BMI, waist:hip ratio and waist circumference in a group of Iranian women

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of socio-economic status (SES) on BMI, waist:hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) in a group of Iranian women. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 888 women in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. SES was measured using level of education. In addition, parity, marital status and physical activity were assessed. Standardized measurements were taken, BMI and WHR were calculated. RESULTS: Low education level was a strong determinant of overweight and obesity among Iranian women. After controlling for age, women with higher education level had significantly lower BMI, WC and parity. Multiple linear regression analysis found a significant negative association of BMI and WC with education level and a significant positive association of BMI and WC with parity. Significant factors associated with obesity by a logistic regression model were education level (OR for university graduates v. illiterate or low literacy levels: 1.00 v. 3.70; P = 0.01), living with spouse (OR for married v. single subjects: 1.00 v. 0.15; P = 0.05), parity (OR for more than five v. less than two pregnancies: 1.00 v. 0.34; P = 0.03) and WC (OR for < 0.88 cm v. > or = 0.88 cm: 1.00 v. 11.20; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present study revealed that educational level, multiple pregnancies, marital status and lack of exercise are some possible explanations for the obesity among Sistan and Baluchestan women.