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在防护专用林、防护型用材林、防护型经济林和防护型薪炭林以2∶1∶1∶1比例配置的条件下,进行长期定位研究,其结果是:(1)在1~4 a期间,红壤区和紫色土区单位面积泥沙流失量分别减少38.98%和36.05%,平均含沙量分别减少41.19%和18.43%; 4~7 a期间,两区域泥沙流失量分别减少99.86%和75.73%,平均含沙量减少97.52%和 78.00%.(2)植被恢复后的第7 a,红壤区的土壤侵蚀量已控制在允许量以内,为3.42 t·km-2a-1;紫色土土壤侵蚀量以养分流失为标准时,在允许量以内,以成土量为标准时,尚有一定距离.(3)红壤水土流失量比紫色土小,在水土流失量的减小速度上大于紫色土区.红壤较紫色土区生态恢复快.(4)降雨量在10.1 mm·d-1以上时,造林1~4 a期间,两类区域均易造成水土流失,水土流失量主要产生于25.1 mm·d-1以上的几场降雨. 相似文献
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计划烧除引起水土流失的定量研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首次在国内对计划烧除林地水土流失量进行了定位研究,结果显示计划烧除林地土壤侵蚀强度因坡度变陡而增加,坡度23的试验区为69.5t/(km·a),对照为52.6t/(km·a);坡度33“的试验区为104.7t/(km·a),对照为101.8t/(km·a)。计划烧除林地的土壤侵蚀量远远低干200t/(km·a)这个最低允许流失量标准。可以认为,在林内开展计划烧除所引起的水土流失量是很微弱的。周期性地开展计划烧除产生的生态负效应对环境质量的影响不显著。为了降低森林的燃烧性,大幅度减少森林火灾,积极开展计划烧除不仅必要,而且可行。 相似文献
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对11 a 生香梓楠(Michelia hedyosperma)人工林生态系统的碳素含量、碳储量及其空间分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)香梓楠各植物器官碳素平均含量的变化范围在450.98~514.45 g/kg 之间,各器官碳含量的排列次序为:干材>根蔸>粗根>枝>中根>细根>叶>皮。(2)香梓楠人工林生态系统总碳储量为182.32 t/hm2,其中土壤层所占比例最高,达77.62%,灌草层所占比例最少,仅占0.30%,各生物层次碳储量总体表现为:土壤层>乔木层>凋落物层>灌草层。(3)香梓楠人工林生态系统总生物量为81.68 t/hm2,乔木层、灌草层和凋落物层分别占95.68%、1.45%和2.87%,表现为乔木层>凋落物层>灌草层。(4)香梓楠人工林分乔木层年净生产力和净固碳量分别为7.10和3.56 t/(hm2· a),具有较高的碳汇潜力。 相似文献
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以三峡库区的秭归县为对象,研究了该地区的森林和土壤侵蚀间的相关关系。结果表明,森林覆盖率与土壤侵蚀程度之间表现出较强的相关性,随森林覆盖率的上升,其土壤侵蚀面积减少,土壤的侵蚀强度降低。在秭归县当森林覆盖率上升一个百分点时,其土壤侵蚀面积将减少16 km2,侵蚀模数会下降91.2 t/(km2.a)。而且土壤侵蚀与森林的林种比例,树种组成,森林类型和林分覆盖度密切相关。土壤侵蚀模数表现为:防护林<用材林<经济林<坡耕地,混交林<纯林,成熟林<近熟林<中龄林<幼龄林,森林<灌丛<草地<农地;植被覆盖度高的林地小于覆盖度低的林地。在三峡库区的秭归县若土壤侵蚀量要小于土壤允许流失量500 t/(km2.a),其森林覆盖率需达到90%。 相似文献
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黄土高原因严重的水土流失而闻名于世,除地形、土壤、降水因素外,植被破坏也是水土流失的重要原因之一。人类对森林,特别是对山区森林的砍伐及其大量的坡地耕作,破坏了原有坡地的相对稳定性,导致了严重的水土流失,土壤侵蚀模数超过50t/hm2·a。植被建设是防治水土流失的根本措施,也是黄土高原沟壑区固沟保土的重要举措。国家在黄土高原地区相继实施的封山育林、退耕还林(草)等生态植被恢复工程,取得了明显的效果,但科技支撑步伐相对缓慢。 相似文献
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退耕还林固土量及固土防泥沙保肥效益初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对退耕还林4年的林地上径流量、径流系数、泥沙流量的监测,测定出黄土区退耕还林4年的林地上乔木型、乔草型、经济林型、农田(对照)及荒造封禁区、未造林荒山区在年618 mm降水量下12°~15°坡面上的土壤侵蚀模数分别为22.24、27.24、21.34、122.20、57.42、820.00 t(/km2.a),从而测算出天水市秦州区退耕还林工程年固土量为223 757 t,年固土防泥沙和保肥效益分别为90.45万元、471.38万元。 相似文献
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以鄂西三峡库区小流域为单元 ,按因地制宜、因害设防的原则 ,在山顶、丘顶营造各种水土保持兼用材林带 ;地埂营造固土保埂经济林带 ,沟谷、“四旁”营造护宅、护岸、护田林网 ,形成点、片、带、网相互协调综合治理的防护林体系。经过综合治理复合经营之后 ,小流域 2 0 0 3年土壤侵蚀总量为 4 75 9 5t,平均土壤侵蚀模数为 1 4 0 8 97t/ (km2 ·a) ,土壤侵蚀量和土壤侵蚀模数均下降了 4 1 98% ,复合经营模式的地表径流平均减少 4 0 8%~ 6 7 2 % ,主要经济林产量提高 1 6 1 0 %~ 2 4 0 4 % ,生态、经济效益显著 相似文献
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淹水胁迫对香根草生理生化特性的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用完全随机化试验设计研究了不同淹水胁迫对香根草生理生化特性的影响。结果表明:全淹(Y3)、半淹(Y2)条件下POD活性随时间延长均升高,根淹(Y1)条件下先升高后降低;全淹、半淹条件下MDA含量随时间延长均减少,根淹条件下增加;全淹条件下相对电导率随时间延长变化不明显,半淹、根淹条件下降低;全淹条件下叶绿素含量随时间延长先升高后降低,半淹下升高,根淹下先下降后升高。淹水50d,各处理POD活性、相对电导率、叶绿素含量均高于对照(CK);全淹、半淹的MDA含量低于对照,根淹高于对照。 相似文献
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岷江上游水源涵养林涵水能力综合评价 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
森林-土壤系统的水源涵养功能因其组成的差异而导致降水截留、蓄水、径流的变化。作者根据这一规律,以搜集、调查岷江上游水源涵养林的林冠截留量、地表枯落物蓄水量、苔藓层蓄水量、土壤孔隙蓄水量、土壤不透性能,土壤降水贮存量等进行分析,并赋与没森林植被系统中各组成成分以一定的得分,评价不森林-土壤系统的保水能力。评价结果表明四川西部天然林具有最强的保水能力,应进一步加强其保护工作,人为干扰严重的类型其保水能 相似文献
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基于标准坡面径流小区观测,比较不同雨量水平植被对地表径流量的贡献,同时利用水文功能连通性原理和灰色关联法对相关土壤和植被参数进行比较。结果表明:①小区减流减沙效果为“林下流”<封禁管理<马尾松纯林<人工乔灌草混交;②地上和地下的植被特征对坡面水文过程阻抗明显;③相关参数的影响程度为土壤含水量<植被盖度<植被高度<有机质含量。不同雨量下小区水沙过程不相一致,小区尺度上植被特征对坡面水土保持起重要作用。 相似文献
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Xiang Li Jian-zhi Niu Jiao Li Bao-yuan Xie Yi-ni Han Jing-ping Tan Ying-hu Zhang 《林业研究》2012,23(3):419-424
We studied the impact of forest vegetation on soil erosion,surface runoff, and sediment generation by using field simulated rainfall apparatus. We measured runoff and sediment generation of five 4.5 × 2.1m runoff plots (a bare soil as a control; two Pinus tabulaeformis forestplots and two Platycladus orientalis forest with row spacing of 1 m × 1m and 1.5 m × 1.5 m, respectively) in Beijing Jiu Feng National ForestPark under three rainfall intensities (0.42, 0.83, 1.26 mm per minute).Forest vegetation significantly reduced soil erosion and sediment yield.Mean total runoff volume in the four tree stand plots was 93% of that inthe control plot, demonstrating the limited effectiveness of forest vegetation in runoff control. With increasing rainfall intensity, runoff reductionin forest plots declined from 28.32% to 2.1%. Similar trends in runoff coefficient and the relationship between runoff volume and rainfall duration was observed. Mean total sediment yield and mean sediment yield reduction rate under different treatments was 55.05% and 43.17% of those in the bare soil control plot, respectively. Rainfall intensity playedan important role in runoff and sediment generation processes, and had agreater impact on runoff than on soil erosion and sediment generation.When considering several factors in runoff and sediment transport processes, the P. tabulae form plot with row spacing at 1 × 1 m had a greater effect on soil and water conservation than did other forested plots. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):95-111
Peat bulk density, water content, and pH were studied on a raised bog in central Sweden with particular attention to the demand of the crops. Volume defined samples of the 0–30 cm soil layers were taken during 1981 and 1982 in order to find out seasonal patterns and between‐treatment variations of the soil characteristics. Four plots with different liming, fertilization, and irrigation regimes were included in the investigation. Two willow plots (Salix viminalis and S. dasyclados) and one plot with Alnus incana were all irrigated‐fertilized by drip tubes during the growing season while an unplanted reference plot was not. Large variations in the studied soil properties occurred within all the plots at any time, to a great extent depending on variations in the mixture of Eriophorum and Sphagnum in the peat. Peat bulk density tended to be higher in the irrigated‐fertilized plots than in the reference plot and averaged about 70 and 63 g . dm?3, respectively. Water content increased rapidly with depth in the irrigated plots and the pores were filled with water to about 90% at 6 cm depth. Seasonal fluctuations were small. The reference plot contained less water than the irrigated ones and the water content increased almost linearly with increased depth in this plot. The seasonal fluctuations were large, with the lowest water content in late summer. A somewhat higher degree of humification and a higher water‐holding capacity was found in the soil of irrigated‐fertilized plots than in the reference. Microbiological activity, decomposition rate of litter, and recycling of nutrients should be high and favourable under these circumstances resulting in increased soil fertility. The soil also contained enough air in the pores to allow good root growth. Liming increased pH in the 0–30 cm soil layer and irrigated‐fertilized plots showed a faster increase of pH than the reference plot. However, the pH profiles obtained were concluded to be non‐optimal for the root growth of willow but satisfactory for grey alder. The use of KCI solution instead of distilled water in pH measurements resulted in lower pH values but also in smaller seasonal fluctuations. The difference was smaller near the soil surface than further down in the peat, indicating a higher base saturation in upper soil layers than in lower. 相似文献