高寒牧区陶赛特绵羊鲜胚移植试验

选取兰州信合牧业34只陶赛特绵羊为供体,采用递减法注射FSH进行超排,采用人工授精配种,30只长途运输到青海省海北州西海镇手术法回收胚胎,鉴定后移植。155只藏系绵羊作为受体,采用两次PG注射进行同期发情,119只受体在西海镇移植,32只长途运输到甘肃兰州信合牧业进行移植。结果表明:34只供体获得胚胎共168枚,、每只供体平均获得4.94枚,合格率89.88%,151只受体表现发情,发情率为97.42%。其中,在西海镇移植的119只产羔73只,产羔率为61.34%,在兰州移植的32只产羔21只,产羔率为65.6%。     

应用胚胎移植技术快速扩繁波尔山羊试验

以波尔山羊为供体．地方杂种奶山羊为受体，利用胚胎移植技术对波尔山羊进行快速扩繁试验。结果表明：13只供体羊共获可用胚胎186枚，每只羊平均14．3枚；对70只受体羊共移植胚胎146枚，有35只受体产羔，移植产羔率为50％，共获活羔53只，移植胚胎数／产活羔数为2．7：1。     

胚胎移植技术在吐根堡奶山羊扩繁中的应用

选择10只纯种吐根堡奶山羊,采用"CIDR+FSH递减法"超排处理;对100只云上黑山羊受体采用"CIDR+PMSG法"同期发情处理。结果:10只供体回收卵子和胚胎179枚,其中可用胚胎71枚;移植受体36只,23只受体产羔40只,按移植胚胎计算产羔率56.33%(40/71),按移植母羊计算妊娠产羔率63.89%(23/36)。     

阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊胚胎移植效果与分析

选取37只优质阿尔巴斯型白绒山羊母羊作为供体,300只普通山羊为受体,采用递减法注射FSH进行超排。经同期发情、超数排卵、人工授精等过程后,采用手术法子宫角回收胚胎,经鉴定后移植。结果表明:37只供体共获得345枚胚胎,可用胚胎308枚,只均获得胚胎9.32枚、可用胚胎8.32枚,胚胎合格率高达89.28%。285只受体羊发情,发情率95%。将308枚胚胎移入273只受体,妊娠183只,受胎率67.03%,产羔197只,产羔率107.65%,繁殖率71.06%。     

特克塞尔绵羊在山西右玉的胚胎移植效果

选取12只纯种特克塞尔羊作为供体,并采用递减法注射FSH进行超数排卵,发情后采用人工授精方式进行配种,手术法回收胚胎,鉴定后移植.164只右玉绵羊作为受体,采用两次PG注射法进行同期发情.结果表明12只供体获得胚胎共129枚,可用胚胎109枚,每只供体羊获得9.1枚可用胚胎,胚胎合格率为84.50%.134只受体表现发情,发情率为81.70%,其中同期发情的羊108只,同期发情率65.85%.109枚胚胎移入97只受体,其中12只移植双胚.61只受体被确认为妊娠,产下52只羔羊,产羔率为53.60%.12只供体手术后产下17羔羊.     

道塞特、萨福克、特克塞尔三品种绵羊规模化胚胎移植应用研究报告

2003年5月和2004年6月分两批从澳大利亚引进三个绵羊品种：道塞特（Dorset）、萨福克（Suffork）和特克塞尔（Texel）共389只，选择其中116只作为供体母羊进行胚胎移植，使甩CIDR＋FSH递减法对供体超数排卵处理，其中111只供体发情，配种、采胚（反应率95．6％，111／116），平均采胚10．04枚（1114／111），可用胚平均6．23枚（691／111），可用胚率62.03％（691／1114）。将691枚2～16细胞可用胚移植给618只受体小尾寒羊，受体采用PG两次处理法同期处理。妊娠485只，妊娠率78．48％，共产羔537只，产羔率110．72％。     

滨州绵羊冷冻胚胎移植试验研究

该项成果通过引进德国肉用美利奴绵羊冷冻胚胎29枚,用山东地方良种洼地绵羊作受体,共移植受体母羊20只,二情期不返精率65％（13．20）,产出活羔11只,产羔率55％（11／20）。     

波尔山羊胚胎移植技术研究

FSH－PG法超排供体波尔山羊14只，于发情第7日手术法子宫采卵。有超排反应14只，超排反应率100％，采卵成功13只，采卵成功率98.86%。获卵总数121枚，只均获卵9.31枚。可用胚119，胚胎可用率98.35%，只均可用胚9.15枚。以氯前列烯醇处理受体白山羊210只，72h内同期发性率97.11%。手术法子宫内鲜胚移植受体母羊116只，两情期移植成功率54.31％。产羔61只，产羔率96.82%。羔羊出生重平均4.26kg.     

品种和超排季节对绵羊胚胎移植效果的影响

2004年12月份和2005年1-2月份,在内蒙古鄂尔多斯市兴绿源种羊场,分2批对道赛特、特克赛尔、白萨福克、东弗里生羊进行了超排处理,80只供体获黄体数787个,回收胚胎669枚,可用胚384枚,平均4．8枚,移植受体317只,最后有235只受体产羔257只,受体产羔率为74．1%,胚胎产羔率为66．9%。现将此次胚胎移植的过程、结果及分析报道     

绒山羊胚胎移植技术的研究

利用17只辽宁绒山羊作供体，实施绒山羊胚胎移植120只次，采胚和移植均采用子宫角手术法。结果表明，供体发情同期率88．24％，出现黄体平均10．53个／只，回收胚胎平均9．93枚／只，可用胚胎平均8．07枚／只；受体同期发情率89．2％，妊娠率69．7％，产羔率60．3％。     

受体绵羊人工授精后移植胚胎的试验

试验通过使用人工授精后绵羊作为受体进行胚胎移植,以寻找一种更加有效的方法提高绵羊胚胎移植的经济效益。试验中使用FSH对10只无角道赛特绵羊进行超数排卵处理,同时对60只受体小尾寒羊进行同期发情。供体羊在发情配种后4.5～5.0d从子宫角收集胚胎。同时,将胚胎移植到同期发情并进行人工授精的受体羊子宫内。总共有57枚可用胚移植给44只受体小尾寒羊,32只怀孕到分娩,共产下羔羊51只(无角道赛特羔28只,道赛特与小尾寒羊杂种羔23只)。此外,经人工授精但未进行手术移植的7只小尾寒羊产下15只杂种羔羊。移胚植受体妊娠率72.7%(32/44),移胚受体繁殖率118%(51/44),受体利用率88.3%(53/60)。移胚受体总妊娠率和受体利用率均显著高于常规ET组(P<0.01)。与常规胚胎移植相比,受体羊人工授精后移植胚胎不仅提高了无角道赛特母羊的繁殖率,而且提高了受体羊的利用率。     

Techniques and success of embryo transfers in Angora goats

Thirty-five mixed-age Angora does were subjected to superovulation and oestrous synchronization and of the 34 which were subsequently entire mated, 33 were subjected to surgical egg recovery approximately five days after oestrus. These 33 donors averaged 8.8 ovulations and 2.5 large (>5 mm) follicles. All corpora lutea in six donors were undergoing premature regression. The average donor egg recovery rate, egg fertilization rate and percent of eggs transferable was 82,87 and 81%, respectively, giving 6.8 eggs, 6.0 embryos and 5.5 transferable embryos per donor. Egg recovery was reduced dramatically when premature regressing corpora lutea were present. Recipient feral does were synchronized and 183 embryos transferred surgically to 133 recipients. Eighty-eight (66%) of the recipients kidded producing 118 kids (64% embryo survival). The 35 potential donors produced 36 kids from their natural mating which occurred shortly after surgery. Thus the donors produced a total of 154 kids from embryo transfer and natural mating, an average of 4.4 kids/doe/breeding season. This rate of reproduction is four to five times faster than normal and confirms that the technique achieves its objective of rapidly increasing the number of offspring from selected animals.     

Use of embryo transfer to induce twinning in beef cattle: embryo survival rate, gestation length, birth weight and weaning weight of calves

Experiments were conducted in 1985 and 1986 at the Eastern Ohio Resource Development Center, Belle Valley, to examine the feasibility of using embryo transfer to induce twinning and to examine the influence of twinning on traits of the cow and calf. Embryos were collected from a total of 14 superovulated Angus donors on two dates each in 1985 and 1986 and were transferred to Angus recipients. A total of 124 embryos were transferred to 79 recipients, with 43 (34.7%) calves born alive. Seven of 45 (15.6%) recipients implanted with two embryos produced twins. In no case did both halves of the 15 embryos that were split to produce identical twins and implanted in the same recipient survive to birth. Proportion of calves born alive did not differ among transfer codes 3 (nonsplit embryos from two different donors implanted in separate uterine horns of the same recipient), 6 (nonsplit embryos from one embryo flush implanted in separate uterine horns of the same recipient) and 7 (nonsplit embryos from two different donors implanted in the same uterine horn of one recipient). Surgical transfers tended to result in a higher proportion of embryos surviving to birth (.43 vs .21; P = .16) and a higher twinning rate (.29 vs .04; P = .36) than did nonsurgical transfers. Age of recipient did not influence embryo survival (P = .98) or twinning rate (P = .99). Gestation length was 5 d shorter (P less than .01) for twin calves than for singles. Singles were 9 kg heavier (P less than .01) at birth and 32 kg heavier (P less than .01) at weaning than twins. However, cows raising twins produced 108 kg (51%) more total weaning weight than did cows raising singles.     

Techniques and success of embryo transfers in Angora goats

Thirty-five mixed-age Angora does were subjected to superovulation and oestrous synchronization and of the 34 which were subsequently entire mated, 33 were subjected to surgical egg recovery approximately five days after oestrus. These 33 donors averaged 8.8 ovulations and 2.5 large (>5 mm) follicles. All corpora lutea in six donors were undergoing premature regression. The average donor egg recovery rate, egg fertilization rate and percent of eggs transferable was 82, 87 and 81%, respectively, giving 6.8 eggs, 6.0 embryos and 5.5 transferable embryos per donor. Egg recovery was reduced dramatically when premature regressing corpora lutea were present. Recipient feral does were synchronized and 183 embryos transferred surgically to 133 recipients.

Eighty-eight (66%) of the recipients kidded producing 118 kids (64% embryo survival). The 35 potential donors produced 36 kids from their natural mating which occurred shortly after surgery. Thus the donors produced a total of 154 kids from embryo transfer and natural mating, an average of 4.4 kids/doe/breeding season. This rate of reproduction is four to five times faster than normal and confirms that the technique achieves its objective of rapidly increasing the number of offspring from selected animals.     

Studies on maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep by embryo transfer.

The technique of embryo transfer was used to investigate the maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep. Embryo donor ewes were experimentally infected with scrapie (all eventually developing the disease) and artificially inseminated six months later with semen from an uninfected scrapie-susceptible ram. Embryos were harvested five and six days after insemination and transferred by laparoscopy, unwashed, into recipient ewes which had been genetically selected for very low susceptibility to scrapie. Six of the 26 lambs born to these recipients developed scrapie.     

季节对杜泊羊体内胚胎生产与移植效果的影响

为了研究季节对杜泊羊体内胚胎生产效率及胚胎移植妊娠率的影响,于2016年选取内蒙古赛诺草原羊业有限公司种羊场经产纯种杜泊母羊作为供体,采用同期发情、超数排卵及腹腔镜人工输精等方法对供体羊进行处理后,利用手术冲胚的方法获得纯种杜泊羊胚胎,同时对受体羊进行同期发情处理和胚胎移植。经统计分析,2016年全年该公司共有放栓供体4 241只,超排处理4 180只,配种供体4 131只,冲胚供体3 987只,供体可用率为94.01%;冲出胚胎总数为23 516枚,可用胚胎18 002枚,胚胎可利用率为76.55%,平均每只供体能获得可用胚胎4.52枚。供体在10月、11月、12月冲胚所获得的平均冲胚数和平均可用胚数明显高于4月、5月、6月(P<0.05),其中10月的平均冲胚数和平均可用胚数最高(P<0.01),分别为7.04枚和5.62枚。将获得的部分胚胎用于胚胎移植,移植单胚怀孕受体数为4 446只,妊娠率为53.67%;移植双胚怀孕受体数805只,妊娠率65.02%。此外,受体在1月、3月、6月、12月受胎率较其他月份高(P<0.05)。该研究可为杜泊种羊超数排卵、胚胎移植和肉羊的产业化生产提供一定的数据参考。     

Embryo transfer from cattle infected with bluetongue virus

Embryos recovered nonsurgically from donor cattle during the peak of bluetongue viremia were surgically transferred to seronegative recipients 7 to 8 or 10 to 11 days after the onset of donor estrus. Virus was isolated from the uterine flushing medium recovered from 11 of the 20 donors. Bluetongue virus was not isolated from the blood of any of 39 recipients, nor did any recipient seroconvert to the virus following transfer. The number of recipients that became pregnant after transfer of embryos from infected donors (21 of 39) was not significantly different from contemporary controls. Virus antigen was not detected by immunofluorescence in any of 63 embryos and oocytes recovered from viremic donors. These results indicate that under standard embryo transfer conditions, transmission of bluetongue virus from infected donors to uninfected recipients is unlikely to occur.     

Embryo transfer in pigs: a method for introducing genetic material into primary specific-pathogen-free herds.

Fifty-five embryos were transferred from 4 Duroc donor sows into 4 crossbred recipient gilts. The embryo survival rate was 66%; 53% of eggs ovulated by donors were represented by live pigs at term. Three of the litters were obtained by hysterectomy of the recipients and introduced into a primary specific-pathogen-free herd, thereby saving the donor sows for subsequent use. Embryo transfer provided a method for exploiting the genetic potential of superior females.     

不同品种受体对绵羊胚胎移植效果及羔羊早期生长性能的影响

旨在探讨以小尾寒羊和蒙古羊作为受体时,二者的胚胎移植效果及所产羔羊的早期生长性能之间的差异。选用南非肉用美利奴羊(n=11)和澳洲白绵羊(n=110)作为供体,以小尾寒羊(n=196)和蒙古羊(n=504)作为受体;对供体母羊进行超数排卵以及人工授精处理,记录供体母羊的收集胚胎总数和可用胚胎数,计算平均每只羊收集的可用胚胎数以及胚胎合格率;对小尾寒羊和蒙古羊进行同期发情及胚胎移植处理,记录受体母羊的产羔数,计算繁殖率;计算并比较不同受体母羊所产羔羊的平均初生重、成活率以及70日龄断奶羔羊数、70日龄断奶重、平均日增重、平均每只母羊提供的断奶羔羊数。结果表明,从供体母羊中共获得可用胚胎549枚,平均每只羊收集可用胚胎4.54枚,胚胎合格率为82.56%;利用胚胎移植技术,移植受体母羊529只,所产羔羊240只,平均繁殖率为45.37%;小尾寒羊的发情率和繁殖率明显高于蒙古羊;共获得70日龄断奶羔羊211只,羔羊成活率为87.92%,平均日增重为280.00g;小尾寒羊和蒙古羊所产的羔羊初生重没有显著差异(P>0.05),小尾寒羊所产羔羊的70日龄断奶重和平均日增重分别极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于蒙古羊,而蒙古羊所产羔羊的成活率显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.05);平均每只小尾寒羊母羊可提供的断奶羔羊数(0.42只)略高于蒙古羊(0.39只),小尾寒羊作为胚胎移植受体略具有优势。综合分析表明,在内蒙古兴安盟地区小尾寒羊和蒙古羊均可以作为胚胎移植的受体来使用。