广东番茄上检测到Tospovirus病毒

 Some tomato samples possibly infected by tospovirus in Guangdong were detected with indirect ELISA and RT-PCR. The results showed that the virus infected tomato did not react with the antiserum of Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), but about 500 bp fragment of RT-PCR shared 83%-84% nucleotide identities with N gene of those reported tospoviruses. The phylogenetic tree of the N gene fragment compared with those of other tospoviruses indicated that the virus infected tomato was belonged to Tospovirus.     

来自安徽不同寄主PVY分离物的血清学鉴定及其cp基因分子进化分析

 Tobacco and potato samples showing symptoms of PVY were collected from different regions in Anhui Province, and the ELISA results of partial samples were positive. The total RNA was extracted from the positive samples by TRIZOL methods. Specific primer pair was designed to amplify cp gene of PVY by RT-PCR. Sequencing results indicated that the full length of cp gene of PVY from tobacco (PVY-CP-4) and pota-to (PVY-CP-7) is 801 nts, and each of them encodes 266 amino acids. A phylogenetic tree based on alignment of cp nucleotide sequences was constructed and the sequence comparing of cp gene was conducted. The results showed that PVY-CP-4 could be grouped into one branch with PVY^O and PVY^N:O and shared the highest sequence similarity (99.4%) with PVY^O (EF026074). It was suggested that PVY-CP-4 derived from tobacco in Hefei might belong to PVY^O. PVY-CP-7 clustered together with PVYN and PVYNTN and formed another branch. Furthermore, PVY-CP-7 shared the highest sequence similarity (98.3%) with PVY^NTN(AJ890347), PVY^NTN (EF026075) and PVY^NTN(AJ585342). It was supposed that PVY-CP-7 derived from potato in Wuhe probably belonged to PVY^NTN.     

壳寡糖诱导烟草防御酶系活性变化及PR-1a基因表达研究

 The activity change of defensive enzymes and PR-1a gene expression of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) seedling induced by chito-oligosaccharides were studied. The results showed that high level systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was expressed in tobacco plants treated with chito-oligosaccharides solution at the concentration of 50 μg/mL. PAL activity increased greatly with 2 peaks, the activity of SOD decreased initially followed by an increase with higher increment, and the activity of POD peaked early followed by a gentle fall in chito-oligosaccharide treated plants. The PR-1a gene was strongly expressed in tobacco due to systemic acquired resistance induced by chito-oligosaccharides. At 168 h after inoculation the expression quantity (co-pies/2 μL) of PR-1a gene was increased to 2 469.6 in treated tobacco leaf, reached 392.6% than that at 0 h after inoculation, it was increased 3.05 times of that in untreated control.     

大麦条纹花叶病毒中国株三基因盒(TGB)序列对比分析

 The tripe gene block (TGB)genes of Barley stripe mosaic virus China strain (BSMV-CH)were amplified from cDNA of BSMV-CH RNAβ (GenBank accession No:AY789694)by PCR with special primer pairs, and cloned into pMD18-T vector for sequencing. Analysis of the sequences showed that the full length of BSMV-CH TGB1, TGB2 and TGB3 were 1 539, 396 and 468 bp, with deduced 512, 131 and 155 amino acids, respectively. BSMV-CH TGB1 shared 94.1%-95.4% nucleotide identities and 91.0%-94.5% amino acid identities with that of other BSMV strains, BSMV-CH TGB2 shared 96.5%-97.2% nucleotide identities and 98.5%-99.2% amino acid identities with that of other BSMV strains, and BSMV-CH TGB3 shared 95.7%-96.6% nucleotide identities and 94.2%-96.8% amino acid identities with that of other BSMV strains. Phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid of Hordeiviruses TGB genes showed that BSMV-CH was relatively closed to CV17 in genetic relationship. Therefore, BSMV-CH was deduced to be a recombined strain of CV17 and CV42.     

小西葫芦黄花叶病毒山东南瓜分离物的分子特性

 Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) was detected by RT-PCR from pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) plant showing yellowing and mosaic symptom from Liaocheng, Shandong Province. The 3'-termial 1 684 bp genomic sequence covered 633 bp of NIb encoding sequence, 840 bp of cp gene and 211 bp of 3'-untranslated region of the isolate ZYMV-Liaocheng was determined. The cp gene of ZYMV-Liaocheng shared identities of 81.4%-98.8% and 89.4%-99.5% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, with other ZYMV sequences available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ZYMV could be clustered to 6 genotypes. ZYMV-Liaocheng belonged to genotypeⅠ, which contained isolates from Asia, Europe and America. Genotypes Ⅲ and Ⅴ were unique and contained only isolates from East Asia. The isolates from East Asia had the highest variability.     

湖南柑橘衰退病调查分析及弱毒系筛选

 The investigation showed that stem-pitting Citrus tristeza virus (CTV)occurred commonly in citrus production areas in several varieties of Hunan Province. Accurate detection of CTV strains was performed by p23/PCR method, PCR and the results indicated that the most samples were infected with several CTV isolates. Three mild strains were isolated and their pathogenicity was identified by biological identification, it indicated that p23/PCR groups had uniformity with the pathogenicity of CTV isolates. Furthermore, three mild isolates were tested in the cross protection by analysis of biological symptoms and composition of p23 gene. Different protecting effects were observed among these strains and W17 mild isolate was effective.     

青海海东地区马铃薯晚疫病菌生理小种的组成及分布

 50 isolates of Phytophthora infestans potato plants were collected and tested with 11 monogene R1-R11 of potato late blight differential host in Qinghai province from 2006 to 2007.The results showed that there were 15 races in the Haidong Region of Qinghai province and the dominant race was race 3.4.10 with frequency of 36.0%.They were distributed in all collection areas.Race 3.10 with frequency of 16.0% was distributed in Huzu,Ledu,Huangyuan,Datong and Ping'an.Race 3 with frequency of 10.0% was distributed in Huzhu,Xunhua,Huangyuan and Xining.     

安徽省烟草黑胫病菌的交配型及其地理分布研究

 Total 69 isolates of Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae were isolated and identified from tobacco black shank samples collected from different areas of Anhui province, and mating types of the oomycete were investigated by the method of partnership culture in vitro on L-tryptophan medium with β-sitosterol. The results showed that A2 mating type was the predominant in isolates of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae, next was A₀ mating type, A₁ and other mating types were not observed. It was suggested that sexual reproduction of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae might not take place frequently, and Anhui province might not be the original center of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae. The results indicated further that mating type geographical distribution of P. nicotianae var. nicotianae in Anhui province was in line with that in China. In addition, the significance of the test results and the possible reason for A₁ mating type being absent were discussed.     

3种甘薯病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

正病毒病是引起甘薯品质降低和减产的重要原因之一,现已报道30多种能侵染甘薯的病毒~([1,2])。山东省是甘薯种植大省,病毒种类近10种~([3,4])。甘薯羽状斑驳病毒(Sweet potato feathery mottle virus,SPFM V)、甘薯潜隐病毒(Sweet potato latent virus,SPLV)是为害甘薯的主要病毒,在全国甘薯种植区广泛分布~([5,6])。甘薯病毒2(Sweet potato virus 2,SPV2)为Potyvirus的一个暂定种,多与同属的其他病毒混合侵染~([7])。多重PCR技术由Chamberian等~([8])1988年首次提出,可实现多基因的同时扩增,具有节省时间、提高效率的优点,已初     

链霉菌XG40的鉴定及其对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病的防效

为筛选出对琯溪蜜柚黑斑病菌有拮抗效果的生防菌株,本研究采用平板对峙法和牛津杯法分离筛选植物根际土壤放线菌,共分离纯化得到12株能够拮抗蜜柚黑斑病菌Phyllosticta citriasiana的放线菌菌株,其中菌株XG40对蜜柚黑斑病菌的拮抗能力最强,抑菌带宽度为16.3 mm。根据形态特征、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA、recA、rpoB、gyrB序列分析,将菌株XG40确定为小串链霉菌Streptomyces catenulae。抗菌谱试验结果表明,菌株XG40的发酵液对番茄叶霉病菌、蜜柚炭疽病菌、蜜柚黑点病菌等12种植物病原真菌和2种植物病原细菌也有较好的拮抗作用,抗菌性能广谱高效。菌株XG40对黑斑病菌的抑菌机制表现为受抑制菌丝发生畸变、粗细不均匀、大量断裂,其发酵液能使黑斑病菌孢子内含物消解并产生液泡。防效测定结果表明,菌株XG40发酵液对室内离体果实黑斑病的预防效果和治疗效果分别为83.52%和78.87%;对田间果实黑斑病的预防效果和治疗效果分别为78.91%和71.15%。因此,菌株XG40可作为防治蜜柚黑斑病的生防材料,具有良好的开发价值和应用前景。     

拮抗水稻白叶枯病菌链霉菌的筛选、鉴定和防效研究

为寻找水稻白叶枯病天然生防药剂,本研究利用共培养和牛津杯法分离筛选植物根际土壤放线菌,共分离纯化获得65株放线菌菌株.在8株能够拮抗水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)放线菌菌株中,Sr-63菌株对水稻白叶枯病菌拮抗能力最强,其发酵液抑菌圈直径为46.4 mm±2.3 mm....     

抑制黄瓜枯萎病的链霉菌S-101及其生防作用研究

为了获得抑制黄瓜枯萎病的高效生防菌,对青海湖附近植被根系土壤中的微生物进行分离筛选。测定拮抗菌的抑菌活性及其对黄瓜枯萎病的防控效果。本文通过平板对峙法分离筛选出一株生防链霉菌S-101,该菌株对供试的几种病原真菌都有较好的拮抗作用,其中对尖镰孢菌黄瓜专化型的抑制率为53.3%,对草莓炭疽菌的抑菌率为45.5%;并通过形态特征及16S rDNA序列分析对菌株S-101初步鉴定为Streptomyces luridus;盆栽试验结果表明,菌株S-101发酵液对黄瓜枯萎病的防治效果达57.11%;通过构建绿色荧光蛋白标记的基因工程菌S-101-GFP,检测了该菌株在黄瓜根部及根围土壤中的定殖能力,随着定殖天数的增加,数量由处理时的1×10⁸ cfu/g逐渐减少到1×10⁶ cfu/g,0～14 d下降较快,21～28 d下降较慢,28～35 d趋于稳定,孢子数维持在1×10⁶ cfu/g。因此,菌株S-101是防治黄瓜枯萎病的潜在生防菌株,具有开发成为微生物农药的应用价值。     

AdpAsd对于淀粉酶产色链霉菌1628的形态分化和丰加霉素合成的影响

为阐明AdpA与淀粉酶产色链霉菌Streptomyces diastatochromogenes 1628形态分化和合成丰加霉素（Toyocamycin，TM）的相关性。本研究设计简并引物成功克隆了来源于淀粉酶产色链霉菌1628大小为1263 bp的adpA_sd基因（GenBank登录号：JX847412）。结果发现，AdpA_sd的氨基酸序列与灰色链霉菌Streptomyces griseus的AdpA_g及天然色链霉菌Streptomyces coelicolor的AdpA_c的同源性分别为80.7%和78.9%。将adpA_sd基因置于载体pIB139启动子PermE^*下游，构建了重组质粒pIB139-adpA_sd，将其通过接合转移法分别转入菌株1628-T15（高产TM）和1628-T62（低产TM，孢子合成受阻）中，获得重组菌1628-T15A和1628-T62A。结果表明，与出发菌株1628-T62相比，重组菌1628-T62A产孢能力得到一定程度的恢复；重组菌1628-T15A与出发菌株1628-T15相比，整体形态无明显变化。摇瓶发酵试验表明，重组菌1628-T62A较出发菌株1628-T62的TM合成能力显著提高，最终TM产量提高了近3倍，而重组菌1628-T15A的TM产量比出发菌株1628-T15仅有小幅提升。以上结果证实adpA_sd参与淀粉酶产色链霉菌1628形态分化以及TM合成，为今后深入理解adpA_sd的分子调节机制奠定了基础。     

浙麦冬黑斑病病原菌的分离鉴定及淀粉酶产色链霉菌对其生物防治效果

黑斑病是浙江省慈溪市浙麦冬种植基地常发病害,传染速度快且严重影响麦冬的产量与品质。为了明确引起黑斑病的病原菌以便后续有效防治该病害,本文通过对染病组织培养、病原菌分离纯化和柯赫法则验证、形态学观察与基因序列分析比对（ITS、EF-1α、RPB2、Alt a 1、His 3、ATP）,最终鉴定出引起浙麦冬黑斑病的病原菌是链格孢菌Alternaria alternata。研究淀粉酶产色链霉菌Streptomycesdiastatochromogenes 1628代谢产物对黑斑病的防效结果表明,1628代谢产物对链格孢菌菌丝生长具有较强的抑制作用,其EC₅₀=0.764%（体积浓度）。田间防效结果表明7和14 d校正防效分别可达74.08%和65.28%,均高于阳性对照多菌灵。本研究明确了浙麦冬黑斑病病原菌的分类地位,并筛选到能有效抑制该病原菌的生防菌株淀粉酶产色链霉菌,为后续浙麦冬黑斑病的防治提供依据。     

马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫致病黏质沙雷氏菌的分离鉴定及杀虫活性

从马铃薯田自然罹病马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫上,分离到1株对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫具有较强致病作用的菌株ML-1,通过形态及16S rRNA序列测定分析,确定该菌株ML-1为黏质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens。采用饲喂法分别测定了该菌株ML-1菌悬液、发酵液及发酵上清液对马铃薯块茎蛾初孵3日龄幼虫的毒力。结果表明,用ML-1菌悬液、发酵液及发酵上清液饲喂后第7 d时,马铃薯块茎蛾3日龄幼虫的累积校正死亡率分别为63.16%、80.70%和49.12%,在3.0×10⁹ cfu/mL浓度下的LT₅₀分别为4.71、3.04和6.47 d,在发酵液处理后第3、5和7 d的LC₅₀分别为9.784×10¹⁰、1.855×10⁸和5.434×10⁵ cfu/mL。综上所述,黏质沙雷氏菌ML-1菌株对马铃薯块茎蛾幼虫有较强的毒力,在马铃薯块茎蛾绿色防控中具有一定的开发潜能。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白Cry1D新基因的克隆与特性

为扩充鳞翅目害虫杀虫基因资源,本研究从苏云金芽胞杆菌BN23-5中克隆得到一个新的cry基因,并对其进行鉴定和分析。该基因为一个完整的cry1D基因,全长3501 bp,编码1166个氨基酸残基。该氨基酸序列是一个新的Cry氨基酸序列,与Cry1Db1的同源性最高,为86%,命名为Cry1Dd1（登录号为KJ728844）。将该基因插入穿梭表达载体pSTK中,转入BT无晶体突变株HD73^-中进行表达。结果表明,cry1Dd1基因能在BT无晶体突变株中表达,并形成菱形伴孢晶体。SDS-PAGE验证其分子量为132.2 kD,与预测的大小相符。生物活性测定表明,Cry1Dd1晶体蛋白对小菜蛾的幼虫具有杀虫活性,LC₅₀为13.1 μg/mL;能明显抑制甜菜夜蛾幼虫的生长;但对棉铃虫幼虫没有杀虫活性。对cry1Dd1基因序列进行分析,cry1Dd1包含8个block保守区域,这和目前其他的cry基因相似;Cry1Dd1蛋白的活性区域为N端的37~593位氨基酸残基。     

马铃薯块茎和土壤样品中粉痂病菌快速检测方法的建立

 马铃薯粉痂菌(Spongospora subterranea f. sp. subterranea)是引起马铃薯粉痂病的病原。本研究根据粉痂菌内部转录间隔区和线粒体DNA的保守区域,分别设计了2对适用于普通PCR的引物A5/A9、C3/C8和1对适用于荧光定量PCR的引物QF/QR,用于检测块茎和土壤样品中的粉痂菌。特异性检测结果表明:引物对A5/A9和C3/C8,以马铃薯粉痂菌DNA为模板,能分别扩增出264和367 bp大小的单一条带,而对其他非靶标DNA无扩增;引物对QF/QR对马铃薯粉痂菌有单一的熔解峰,说明三对引物特异性良好。灵敏性检测结果表明:荧光定量PCR灵敏度为13.8 fg·μL^-1,是普通PCR灵敏度的1 000倍。进一步建立循环域值(Ct)与质粒DNA含量的曲线关系,获得标准曲线y=-3.893 9 x+35.228,R² = 0.9966,呈良好线性关系。通过对不同地区采集的18份带菌种薯和18份带菌土壤进行普通PCR和荧光定量PCR检测,引物A5/A9、C3/C8和QF/QR对带菌种薯检测率均为100%,对带菌土壤的检测率分别为44.44%、66.67%和100%。本研究建立的马铃薯粉痂病菌快速检测方法,能及时、准确地检测带菌种薯和土壤,为马铃薯粉痂病的早期诊断和防治提供依据。     

青枯雷尔氏菌温度相关致病基因yqhE功能研究

不同温度下青枯雷尔氏菌表达谱PPI网络分析发现,yqhE可能是青枯雷尔氏菌新的温度相关致病基因。克隆青枯雷尔氏菌CBM613的yqh E基因,结果发现该基因长度为831 bp,共编码276个氨基酸。基因敲除结果显示,28℃培养的yqhE突变株较野生型菌株致病力降低,病程延长,但并未彻底丧失致病力。20℃和28℃培养的yqh E突变株维生素C的生物合成皆被抑制;与28℃相比,20℃培养下野生型菌株维生素C的合成能力降低。突变株在20℃和28℃培养下甲基乙二醛（MG）和丙二醛（MDA）明显积累,其中20℃积累更多;20℃培养的野生型菌株MG和MDA比28℃积累更多。维生素C的生物合成被抑制导致青枯雷尔氏菌自由基清除能力减弱与氧化应激反应增强,MG和MDA积累产生细胞毒性,上述结果可能与28℃培养的突变株致病力减弱,20℃培养的野生型菌株致病力丧失有关。综上结果表明yqhE是青枯雷尔氏菌温度相关致病基因。