中刈柞的几种修剪方法

柞场内的柞树修剪形式与柞树生长发育、柞叶产量、叶质优劣、调节气候、防治病虫害、放养管理、人力节省等都有密切的关系。根据蚕儿生活阶段的气候环境及蚕儿生理需要来修剪柞树,是促使蚕儿发育健壮,柞树生长旺盛、保证柞茧丰收的主要关键之一。柞树的剪定形式在山东有中刈柞和根刈柞两种,     

河南省柞园修剪方式研究

通过对河南省柞园柞树树型种类调查和对柞园的轮茬修剪、不同修剪方法养蚕的对比试验,探讨适合技术操作和放养柞蚕的理想树型,为河南省柞园的科学修剪提供理论依据。     

老柞树疏枝促旺的探讨

<正> 柞蚕以柞叶为食,故柞场是放蚕的基础。山东省一些蚕区历来的习惯是春蚕用老柞(二年生柞),秋蚕用芽柞(一年生柞)。但因春季干旱少雨,柞树叶质衰老硬化快,蚕、柞不相适应。如何改造老柞,使之符合蚕儿生长发育的要求,这历来是春蚕饲料调节需要探索的问题。曾采用三眠柞、二芽柞和老眠柞等修剪形式,来控制春蚕用柞的老嫩和含水量的高低,对调节春蚕饲料起到一定的作用。但是这几种修剪形式都是用截短枝条的方法(只是位置轻重不同),更替顶芽生长,推迟发芽期,其结果缩小了树冠,影响了光能的充分利用,对柞树长势挫     

蚕种场利用桑柞资源发展天麻生产经验

<正> 蚕种场的生产任务主要是养蚕制种和修剪管护桑柞。由于只从事单一的专业生产,长期以耒经济上处于自足或半自足的状态,与工业厂生产经济效益相比相差很远。为了探索提高蚕种场的经济效益,促进蚕桑事业的发展,我场几年立足本职,在搞好养蚕制种的前提下,充分利用桑柞资源发展天麻种植获得了良好生产成绩和可喜经济效益,给蚕种场在桑柞资源的综合利用方面开阔了新的途径,现将情况报告如下:     

浅谈提高柞园养蚕和生态功能的综合措施

在分析导致柞园质量下降原因的基础上,提出了通过加强建设提高柞园单位面积产叶量、通过生物和工程措施防治柞园水土流失、通过实施综合技术优化柞园质量、依托政策和法规提升柞园建设与管护力度等提高柞园质量和养蚕功能的措施.     

山东省乳山市柞蚕多批次放养生产技术

柞蚕多批次放养技术是乳山市率先提出的柞蚕放养模式,主要采取了种茧冷藏、分批出库、分批制种、种卵冷藏、分批放养技术并配套柞园修剪管理技术,使山东省柞蚕放养批次数由每年的2批次增加到6批次,放养卵量和产茧量均大幅增加,户均收入增加89.00%以上。实践表明,柞蚕多批次放养还具有可提高保苗率促进壮蚕生长发育、减少养蚕用工增加蚕农收入、充分利用人力资源和柞园资源、有利于开展专业规模经营等优势,适宜在山东省柞蚕重点生产区推广应用。     

辽东山区柞园内培植中草药、山野菜效果调查

为提高柞园的经济效益和生态效益,以辽东山区中刈放拐树型柞园为试验区,利用柞园内空闲地进行了细辛(Asarum sieboldii Miq.)、白鲜(Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz.)、龙胆草(Gentiana scabra Bunge.)、辽藁本(Ligusticum jeholense)、短毛独活(Heracleum moellendorffii Hance)、东北羊角芹(AegopodiumsalpestreLedeb.f.alpestre)、东风菜[Doellingeria scaber(Thunb.)Nees]、桔梗[Platycodon grandiflorus(Jacq.)A.DC.]等中草药、山野菜的林下栽培试验。2008年以来的试验结果,柞园内培植中药材、山野菜可提高单位面积生产附加值22.7%~32.7%;柞树郁闭度提高30%,植被覆盖率提高33%。     

一化性柞蚕新品种川柞2号的育成

为选育适合在一化性柞蚕产区放养的优质、高产、蛹丝兼用的柞蚕新品种,以四川蚕区的一化性柞蚕优良品种川06为亲本材料,采用系统分离育种方法,经25年25代系统选育,育成了优良柞蚕新品种川柞2号。川柞2号属一化性黄蚕血统,4眠5龄,全龄经过51 d,单蛾产卵量238粒,收蚁结茧率57.46%,千粒茧质量9.50 kg,千粒蛹质量8.31 kg,其全茧量比对照品种川06提高了13.58%。在农村多点生产鉴定试验中全茧量比对照品种川06和目前四川省主推品种川柞1号分别提高了7.13%和2.69%,千克卵产茧量比川06和川柞1号分别提高了8.73%和3.21%。川柞2号鲜蛹中的蛋白质质量分数为12.45%,粗脂肪质量分数为5.77%,氨基酸质量分数为9.72%,其中必需氨基酸质量分数为3.92%,且含有多种维生素。新品种川柞2号具有茧型大、产量高、抗逆性强、蚕蛹营养成分含量较高且氨基酸组成结构合理等特点,适合在四川、河南和湖北等一化性柞蚕产区推广。     

柞树资源林型划分与柞蚕生产的关系

柞树是放养柞蚕的重要饲料,为了充分有效的利用柞树林型,提高柞蚕茧产量,笔者对柞林资源的林型进行了调查。结果表明,黑龙江省放养柞蚕主要树种是蒙古柞,而蒙古柞林所处的立地条件及生长特点可分为3种林型,其中胡枝子-蒙古柞林、榛子-蒙古柞林是最佳的放养柞蚕林型地。1蒙古柞1.1形态特征蒙古柞幼树树皮呈暗灰褐色,成熟树树皮呈暗灰色。幼期枝条呈紫褐色,小枝呈栗褐色,枝有棱,枝表面无毛。叶子常集生于枝条顶端,叶柄略短;叶呈倒卵形和倒卵长形,叶尖呈钝形,叶幅前端较为宽大(4￣9cm),叶长度为5￣20cm;叶子侧脉7￣12对;叶表面呈绿色,叶背颜色…     

甘露中毒

发生在夏天 ,死的是采集蜂 ,俗称夏衰。纯甘露 ,比甘露蜜毒性大 ;春甘露毒性小 ,夏、秋甘露毒性大。柞、槭的甘露 ,比松、柳、李的甘露毒性大 ;7月里的柞甘露 ,比 5月里的毒性大。甘露蜜对蜜蜂的毒性 ,随甘露含量而定 ,含甘露少 ,毒性小。在瑞士、澳及其邻国 ,夏末从松树上可采     

Radicle pruning by seed-eating animals helps oak seedlings absorb more soil nutrient

Although radicle pruning has well been observed in plant–animal interactions, research has not been conducted to determine how radicle pruning by seed-eating animals regulates nutrition mobilization of cotyledonary reserves and absorption of soil nutrients. We used stable nitrogen isotopes to test how acorns of early-germinating oak species (Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, and Q. mogolica) trade off nutrients in the cotyledons and those in the soil in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating rodents. Radicle pruning by rodents resulted in root branching in the 3 early-germinating oak species. Moreover, radicle pruning increased shoot dry weight and substantially reduced the root-to-shoot ratio of oak species. Corresponding to the decreased dry weight of roots and root-to-shoot ratio, the dry weight of the remnant cotyledons was higher after radicle pruning in the 3 oak species. We provided first evidence that radicle pruning by seed-eating animals improved seedling performance of early-germinating oaks by increasing absorption of nutrients from soil. The results indicate that early-germinating oak seedlings trade off nutrition budget by altering nutrient absorption from soil and reserve mobilization from cotyledons in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals. Our study provided new insight into the nutrition allocation mechanism of young seedlings in response to radicle pruning by seed-eating animals, reflecting a mutualistic interaction between early-germinating oak and food-hoarding animals.     

菌根化柞树叶片的化学成分分析测定及养蚕效果试验

对菌根化柞树叶片的化学成分检测和养蚕效果进行试验,表明菌根真菌与柞树根系共生,可提高柞树根系持水能力、促进柞树对磷元素的吸收及加强对淀粉等营养物质的积累,进而提高养蚕成绩,进而为防止柞树树势衰退、提高柞树补植成活率、增加柞树产叶量、建设生态型柞蚕场提供依据。     

红肉猕猴桃整形修剪技术

红肉猕猴桃果肉颜色独特、品质佳、效益显著,但因其树势较弱,抗性较差,种植技术要求较高。本文分析了当前红肉猕猴桃整形修剪中存在的主要问题,总结了不同树形结构的特点,阐述了常用树形的整形修剪技术,以期为红肉猕猴桃的整形修剪提供参考。     

Prescribed Fire Effects on Deciduous Oak Woodland Stand Structure,Northern Diablo Range,California

Despite the increasing use of fire in managing oak woodlands, little information exists on quantitative changes to stand structure from prescribed burning. Fire damage and recovery in a mixed deciduous oak woodland were recorded after a prescribed fire on the northern Diablo Range, Santa Clara County, California. Blue oak (Quercus douglasii Hook. & Arn.), valley oak (Q. lobata Nee), and black oak (Q. kelloggii Newb.) trees were monitored for 4 yr to determine the effects of a late spring burn on stand structural characteristics. Fire-caused mortality was low; 4 yr after the low intensity ground fire only four oaks died (1.9%). There were significant differences in mean percent tree crown scorch and mean trunk char height between plots that burned under different fire intensities, but not between tree size classes. Although overall tree damage was low, crown resprouts developed on 80% of the trees and were found as shortly as 2 wk after the fire. Recovery was vigorous; both valley oaks and blue oaks produced crown resprouts on trees with 100% crown scorch. Classification tree analysis identified aspect (mostly southern exposures) and tree size related to the presence of crown resprouting. Crown damage was also an important factor; trees with greater than 40% of their crown scorched resprouted. Fire-induced trunk scars occurred on a small number of trees (9.1%) but was disproportionately higher for black oak compared to blue and valley oak. Stand structural characteristics (species composition, tree density, basal area, and crown closure) were not substantially altered by the event but rather maintained. Prescribed fire might be a viable tool in reducing fuels and maintaining oak woodlands; however, further investigations that include relationships of regeneration with repeated fire are needed.     

山西省古稀柞树资源的调查

壳斗科栎属树种统称为柞树,山西省有许多的柞树资源。调查了与柞蚕有紧密关联的8个树种14个不同地点22株古稀树木,介绍了这些树木的遗存及生长情况。     

桑树断梢病的防治效果初报

试验表明,在其它桑园管理措施一致的前提下,用70%甲基托布津WP800倍液及50%多菌灵WP1 000倍液于盛花期喷洒或在花椹期人工摘除花椹对防治桑树断梢病效果最佳。生产中建议伐条方式由春伐改为夏伐,推荐采用在花椹期摘除花椹的防治方法。     

重庆市涪陵区桑树的夏伐试验

重庆市涪陵区的桑树养成收获方式一直沿用冬伐.为了改革这一桑树栽培模式和合理调整养蚕布局,进行桑树夏伐试验.通过夏伐与常规冬伐桑比较、夏伐桑的生长发育调查和养蚕试验,在地势与肥培管理较好的涪陵后山蚕区实行桑树夏伐,不但桑树发育正常,长势良好,而且夏伐桑园蚕种饲养量和单产有所提高,说明夏伐是可行的,可以提高蚕桑经济效益.     

千阳县果桑修剪技术试验

根据千阳县气候特点和果桑栽培技术要求,进行了果桑品种及修剪技术试验。结果显示,红果2号为适宜栽培品种;“春重剪-第2年夏伐-第3年春重剪”桑树生长芽多,条长长,冻梢率低,桑椹产量明显增加。     

生态型蚕场轮伐枝干栽培滑子蘑的研究与开发

利用生态型蚕场轮伐下来的柞树枝干栽培滑子蘑比工业木屑栽培滑子蘑定植率高9.4%,生长速率高13.6%,产量高17.8%。同时提高了柞树枝干的利用价值,为蚕民增加养蚕总效益提供了一项新技术。     

刻伤处理对巨峰葡萄催芽影响的研究

为了解决桂南地区巨峰葡萄春季芽眼经破眠剂处理后萌芽时间不一致的问题,以7年生平棚架巨峰葡萄为试验材料,对结果母枝留5-9芽修剪5个处理,每修剪处理两行共60株。修剪后对所有试材用2.5%单氰胺催芽,同时对每个修剪的2行分别进行刻伤与不刻伤（对照）处理。对每修剪处理随机选取5株树调查5个不同节位修剪的刻伤处理与对照的萌芽率和新梢有花率,并分析其萌发的结果母枝冬芽成花率和结果母枝调查芽有花率。结果表明：刻伤处理可以显著提高中长梢修剪的萌芽率,并有使各节位出现花芽几率均等的趋势,对于短梢修剪没有显著效果。