邓县三百余名科技人员与棉农签订五包合同

河南省邓县360名科技人员,与棉农签订了棉花五包合同,大大激发了棉农的植棉积极性。为发挥邓县植棉的优势,从县棉花协会、棉花生产办公室、棉麻公司、农业技术推广中心等18个单位,抽调了360名科技人员,组     

科学管理棉田促进棉农增收

如东滨江濒海,为江苏的重点产棉县,是高品质棉核心县,也是棉纺织品出口强县.棉花是如东沿海地区种植业的主导产业,也是棉农收入的主要来源.     

山东滨州2011年植棉效益分析及生产发展对策

为准确了解滨州市2011年植棉效益、分析预测2012年植棉趋势、科学合理引导棉花生产、保护棉农利益,我们于2011年12月下旬在全市6县4区对2011年棉花生产销售情况、植棉效益及2012     

关于新疆喀什地区棉花生产发展的思考

以新疆5个主要棉花种植县市为对象展开走访调研,了解棉农及植棉情况。结果表明：以麦盖提县为代表的喀什种植区棉农年龄较尉犁和沙湾地区棉农平均年龄小5岁;而高中、大专等高学历的棉农占比为零,明显少于尉犁和沙湾的20.1%和20.8%。麦盖提地区户均植棉规模最小,667 m²平均产籽棉267.8 kg,较尉犁和沙湾地区低30 kg以上。合作社植棉水平明显高于单个农户,但相比尉犁和沙湾,麦盖提棉花合作社规模仍较小,成熟度低。建议喀什地区采取集中管理的方式和发展合作社模式来提高棉花产量和植棉效益。     

充分挖掘植棉潜力 全面提升植棉效益

彭泽县是全国优质棉基地县,属长江流域棉区.经过多年不断推广植棉新技术和引进抗虫杂交棉品种,植棉水平得到了很大程度的提高,棉农的植棉效益也较以往有所增加.在当前的技术条件下,棉花生产上还存在一些不足和误区,这将是提高植棉效益的重要切入点.     

2007年山东德州市棉花丰产增收

山东省德州市是全国重点植棉区之一.常年植棉面积13.3万～20.0万hm2.11个县(市)区中有5个县(市)跻身全国棉花生产百强县(市).据德州市棉花协会调查,2007年该市棉花丰收,出售价格提高,生产成本上升,棉农收益增加.     

如何提升植棉效益

棉农的植棉效益很大程度上取决于市场棉价。但作为弱势群体的棉农没有价格的发言权,只能被动地接受市场。在市场经济日益完善的今天,如何化被动为主动,把握市场提升植棉效益呢?笔者认为:棉农作为产品的第一生产力,虽无法左右市场,但可以在数量和质量上即棉花品级和产量上下功夫。因此,一定程度上棉农不仅能决定棉价,而且能决定全年的植棉效益。精心选择适应本地的优良棉种,采取科学的栽培手段,以较低的成本投入,就能获得较高的产量和品级收益。1增产是提升植棉效益的根本1·1选用高产品种杂交棉自20世纪90年代推广以来,以其优势强、结桃多、…     

长江中下游棉花生产存在的问题与对策

长江中下游是我国棉花主产区之一,也是高产棉区,笔者2005年7-10月在江西、湖北、安徽的长江中下游流域19个县进行了棉田调查发现:种植品种70%以上是抗虫杂交棉,基本上是营养钵育苗,种植密度每公顷1.5万~3.0万株,公顷产子棉3000~5000kg。总体植棉水平较高。1存在问题1.1植棉水平参差不齐,差异较大。最低单产每公顷2250kg,最高的能达到6000kg,植棉收入差距达1~3倍。单产水平低的农户主要是新棉农、墨守成规的老棉农或非主产区的棉农。1.2重前轻后多早衰。棉农大多注重前期管理,忽视后期管理,后期在肥水管理及病虫防治上投入不足,减产1~3成。1.…     

对棉花价格体系的粗浅看法

对棉花价格体系的粗浅看法杨善兴，曹跃生河北省棉麻公司０５００１１棉花生产的发展，主要由三方面因素决定，一是政策、二是科技，三是投入。从现阶段看，棉花政策尤为重要，政策合理，广大棉农的植棉积极性高涨，棉花生产就会迅猛发展；反之，政策偏颇，广大棉农的植棉...     

黄河三角洲棉花低产原因及其改进措施

黄河三角洲土地资源丰富,是山东省的主要棉区之一,发展潜力很大。但是,该地区棉花单产和山东其它棉区相比是最低的,１９９８年棉花单产仅为每公顷６７５ｋｇ,严重影响了棉农的植棉效益,挫伤了棉农的植棉热情。因此,采取有效措施,提高棉花单产,对调动棉农植棉积极...     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。