7种杀菌剂对杨树烂皮病、溃疡病病菌的室内毒力测定

室内测定了7种杀菌剂对杨树烂皮病病原菌金黄壳囊孢菌Cytospora chrysosperma (Pers.)Fr.、溃疡病病原菌Dothiorella gregaria Sacc.的毒力.72 h含药平板对抑制金黄壳囊孢菌的菌丝生长毒力最强的有10％苯醚甲环唑水分散剂、250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂,EC50值依次为0.0006,0.020 2μg/mL;其次为70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂,EC50为0.195 8μg/mL;最弱的是树乐粉剂,EC50为319.658 0μg/mL.48 h对杨树溃疡病病原菌的毒力最强的有250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂、10％苯醚甲环唑水分散剂,EC50依次为0.072 2,0.090 4μg/mL;其次为70％甲基托布津和50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂,EC50依次为2.5603,19.0454 μg/mL;树乐最弱,EC50为366.415 7μg/mL.同一药剂对杨树烂皮病菌的毒力强于溃疡病菌.     

杨树烂皮病危害损失测定及防治指标的研究

本文以杨树幼林为试验对象，通过调查烂皮病的病情及不同病情下的年生长量，找出了病情与生长量相关最显著的因子，即病周比与材积损失率，从而建立了各林龄的材积损失率数学模型，进一步导了经济允许水平及防治指标的动态模型。     

杨树烂皮病优化管理技术的研究

以杨树—杨树烂皮病 (ValsasordidaNits )生态系统为研究对象 ,在杨树生长模型和杨树烂皮病流行模型的基础上 ,建立了杨树烂皮病危害的损失量模型和多维动态经济阈值模型。模拟了杨树—杨树烂皮病的系统动态 ,并根据杨树烂皮病常用的管理措施的防治效果 ,结合经济核算确定不同条件组合下的经济阈值 ,建立了杨树烂皮病的优化管理决策系统     

关于杨树烂皮病病级划分标准的探讨

依据杨树当年病斑横向宽度与树干长之比和当年材积损失率的相关性,利用模糊聚类分析法中的逐步分析法进行病级比较分析后,提出东北地区杨树烂皮病病级划分标准以划分5个病级为宜。     

杨树烂皮病的发生与防治

随着公园绿化事业的发展,绿化植物品种的日益丰富,各地区之间频繁交流,病虫害种类也日益复杂,杨树烂皮病作为行道树的常见病,已严惩阻碍了公路绿化质量的提高,本文对杨树的烂皮病作了深入的分析,就病状、病原、发病规律及防治对策 作了较详细的论述。     

江苏杨树烂皮病发生状况调查及化学防治试验

通过对江苏省杨树烂皮病发生状况调查发现,在新沂,六合和仪征3个地区有杨树烂皮病发生。在调查的4 417株杨树中,平均发病率占11.32%;杨树烂皮病的发生与树种、树龄、地形、土壤、坡向以及虫害的关系均较密切。苗圃内不同药剂、配比度对杨树苗刮皮后的涂药试验发现,吡唑醚菌酯500,1 000,1 500倍液3种配比度的防治效果均在88%以上,嘧菌酯500倍液的防治效果高于80%。说明在苗圃用吡唑醚菌酯1 000倍和1 500倍液防治杨树烂皮病,可以取得良好的防治效果。     

Characterization and pathogenicity of six Cytospora strains causing stem canker of wild apple in the Tianshan Forest,China

Cytospora species are capable of causing destructive cankers of stems belonging to a wide range of woody plant species. In severe cases, cankers may lead to dieback of twigs and branches. Little is known about the Cytospora species causing canker disease of wild apple (Malus sieversii) trees in the Wild Fruit Forest Reserve in Tianshan Forest, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. In this study, six Cytospora isolates belonging to two species were isolated from cankerous lesions of wild apple twigs. Based on multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis using three DNA markers (ITS, tef1‐α and tub2) and morphological characterization, these isolates were identified as Cytospora mali and Cytospora parasitica. Temperature trials (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) showed that the optimal growth temperature for six isolates was 25°C. At a variety of temperatures, C. mali isolates tended to grow faster than isolates of C. parasitica, with the C. mali isolate, EGI1 performing better than others with regard to growth rate. Morphological observations showed that these species exhibited a single locule without conceptacles, and the conidia length was 3–5 μm. In vitro inoculation trials of twigs and leaves of M. sieversii seedlings revealed that the C. mali isolates were highly virulent phytopathogenic fungi, whereas the C. parasitica isolates were less virulent. The isolate EGI1 was the most virulent isolate among the six isolates. This paper presents the first report of pathogenic Cytospora spp. of the M. sieversii Tianshan Wild Fruit Forest Reserve of Yili, Xinjiang in China. It will aid in the understanding of how apple tree cankers are induced and provide disease management guidelines for M. sieversii forest conservation.     

杨树烂皮病菌颉颃菌株的初步筛选与分子鉴定

对杨树烂皮病菌的平板对峙试验结果表明,6种颉颃真菌中木霉的抑菌率最高为51%,而颉颃细菌4个菌株的抑菌率均在60%左右,说明颉颃细菌的抑菌效果明显高于颉颃真菌;对B137等4株颉颃细菌的分子鉴定认为,1株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis),2株为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens),还有1株为苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt);解淀粉芽孢杆菌和苏云金杆菌对杨树烂皮病菌有较好的颉颃效果。     

杨树苗期施肥试验

对长林1号、中黑防、小黑无絮速生杨进行施肥试验,结果表明：最佳施肥方案为速生前期施1/2,速生后期施1/2,施肥量（N：P：K=2.01.00.5）1 500 kg.hm^-2;施肥苗木与对照相比较提前3～7 d封顶,而且木质化程度好,苗木合格率比对照提高11.6%。     

中国金黄壳囊孢菌的致病性分化及遗传多样性

对来源于国内11省(区)31市(县)的46株金黄壳囊孢菌进行致病性和遗传多样性聚类分析。结果表明:金黄壳囊孢菌的致病性与地理来源无明显关系而与寄主种类有一定的关系,从杨树上分离菌株的致病性强于非杨树上分离的菌株。RAPD分析表明:所有来源的46个菌株可分为2大类群,第1类群包括北京、新疆、辽宁、陕西、吉林、青海、甘肃的全部菌株和黑龙江5个菌株、山东2个菌株、内蒙古1个菌株,第2类群包括四川的全部菌株、内蒙古7个菌株和山东1个菌株。第1类群又可分为北京类群、新疆类群、辽宁类群、甘肃青海混合类群和黑吉青陕甘混合类群5个类群,第2类群可分为内蒙古类群和四川类群2个类群。金黄壳囊孢菌遗传多样性分组与菌株的地理来源呈较明显的相关性。     

湖北省华山松大小蠹风险评估报告

通过对湖北省华山松大小蠹的风险分析,得出风险评估值R=2.36,属高度危险林业有害生物,建议列为湖北补充林业检疫性有害生物。     

Progress and strategies in cross breeding of poplars in China

The advance in intrasection and intersection cross breeding of poplars in China over the past 50 years is reviewed. Great progress has been made in Sections Leuce and Aigeiros, and satisfactory results of intersection hybridization have been achieved in the crossing between Sections Tacamahaca and Aigeiros. The modes of hybridization include single cross, double cross, triple cross, backcross, etc. It is known that using hybrids as parents to cross with other species or hybrids is an effective and easy way to obtain heterosis. Fast growth, cold and drought tolerance, pest and disease resistance, narrow crowns and rootage, etc. are breeding goals. The conventional artificial crossing is still a major breeding method, and a combination of the conventional artificial crossing with physical radiation and chemical induction can create new triploid individuals that possess higher yield potential. The super clones cultivated have already displayed enormous socioeconomic and ecological benefits in practice. Finally, the problems that investigators have to face at present are discussed as well as some strategies in poplar cross breeding in China.     

美国白蛾入侵湖北省的危险性分析

通过对美国白蛾定量的危险性分析,得出危险值R=2.20,证明美国白蛾对湖北省属于有高度潜在危险的外来林业有害生物,并由此提出了有效的防控措施。     

猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病综合防治技术

从检疫、栽培管理、化学及物理防治等方面对猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病的综合防治技术进行了阐述 ,论述了冻害与猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病发生的关系 ,提出了以预防冻害为基础 ,从而防止猕猴桃细菌性溃疡病发生的预防措施。