基于TM影像的昆明市区土地利用遥感动态监测

以云南省昆明市区为例,基于1992年、2000年和2013年3期LANDSAT卫星遥感数据。首先利用NDVI分出植被区和非植被区,然后在此基础上利用最大释然法分类,得出3个时期的土地利用分类图。根据3个土地利用分类图,对1992—2013年土地动态变化进行分析,得到昆明市区土地利用转移矩阵。分析结果表明,1992—2013年昆明市区土地利用变化最大的是人工用地和未利用土地,增加的人工用地主要是由未利用土地转化而成的,这主要是城市化的结果。     

东营市土地利用/覆被变化分析及驱动力研究

综合利用RS及GIS方法,以东营市1992、2000及2010年TM/ETM+遥感影像为基础,分析了东营市18年间土地利用时空演变的情况及驱动机制。结果表明:东营市土地利用/覆被变化在2000～2010年间最为显著,1992～2000年间变化不显著;滨海地区、内陆经济发达地区为土地利用变化发生的主要区域;监测期内,研究区景观要素类型相互转化较为频繁,主要表现为耕地转为建设用地,草地转为耕地,未利用地及滩涂转为盐田虾塘;人口、经济增长及城镇化是该区域土地利用/覆盖变化的主要驱动因子。     

ALOS、TM影像在土地利用中的最佳波段组合分析

利用凉城县2009年7月20日获取的ALOS多光谱数据和2009年7月9日获取的Landsat 5 TM数据,进行影像预处理(大气校正、几何校正、直方图匹配、图像裁剪等),对凉城县ALOS、TM两幅影像土地利用分类中的最佳波段组合进行实验分析.结果显示:ALOS影像的最佳组合波段为432,TM影像的最佳波段组合为145、345、245、147、347与247波段组合,并结合实际应用进一步确定最佳组合波段.     

“3S”技术支持下的成都市土地利用与土地覆盖变化（LUCC）研究

以LUCC理论为出发点,应用＂3S＂技术,建立土地利用变化数据库,并运用数理统计方法研究了成都市2000-2005年土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力。研究结果表明：建设用地动态度最大,土地利用转移方向表现为大面积耕地转化为建设用地;政策、人口和经济为城市土地利用/覆被变化的主要驱动力,其中,城市化水平对GDP贡献较大,而经济非农化率贡献较小。     

米脂县土地利用变化分析

利用遥感技术和地理信息系统空间分析方法以及米脂县第二次土地调查结果,研究了1990—2009年米脂县土地利用动态变化及其影响因素,并从人口、政策、经济和城市化等因素方面,揭示了土地利用动态变化的社会经济驱动机制,提出了米脂县土地资源综合利用发展对策。     

基于 TM 影像的土地覆盖分类比较研究

以云南省文山壮族苗族自治州麻栗坡县2005年T M影像为试验数据,利用最大似然分类（M LC ）、支持向量机（SVM ）以及随机森林（RF）3种分类方法进行了土地覆盖遥感分类研究。从分类精度、样本数量对分类器的影响、模型复杂度、分类速度等几个方面进行了比较分析。结果表明：随机森林分类法最优,而经典方法之一的最大似然分类法最稳定。所得出的结论对在类似的应用中如何选择合适的分类方法具有一定的参考价值。     

基于RS闽江流域土地利用结构变化及其驱动力分析

以RS为主要技术手段,以Landsat TM遥感图像为主要信息源,采用分类后比较法对闽江流域1986～2003年土地利用进行动态监测,研究结果表明:闽江流域最主要的土地利用/覆盖类型是林地和耕地;1986～2003闽江流域土地利用变化速度较快,为4.79%;17年来,林地面积有一定的增加,耕地大幅减少.对闽江流域土地利用结构变化进行驱动力分析,其结果可为闽江流域土地可持续利用提供有效的决策支持.     

基于TM遥感影像图的鞍山市千山植被变化研究

以1993年、2001年和2006年的TM遥感影像图为信息源,基于NDVI和植被覆盖度定量模型,利用ENVI4．2、ARCGIS等软件获取了鞍山市千山风景区归一化植被指数差值变化图及覆盖度等级图,并进行了定量对比分析．结果表明：2001年与1993年相比,低覆盖与高覆盖面积均有增加,而中高覆盖地区其质量有所下降,局部生态退化．2006年与2001年相比,大部分地区高覆盖增加,质量上升,生态环境向良好方向发展．     

基于TM影像的森林地表温度遥感反演

选取海南三亚市的一个典型区域为研究对象,以Landsat TM影像数据进行林地地表温度遥感反演,分析不同森林类型的地表温度差异,以及地表温度与NDVI之间的关系。结果表明:研究区不同森林类型的地表温度有着显著差异;有林地平均地表温度比无林地低0.7℃;天然林平均地表温度比人工林低2.2℃,天然林在缓解城市热岛效应比人工林更具优势;人工林按优势树种平均地表温度由高到低的顺序为芒果龙眼槟榔橡胶桉树;地表温度和NDVI之间存在高度负相关,相关系数为-0.76。     

基于TM影像的土地荒漠化变化研究——以巴彦淖尔地区为例

文章以2004年、2009年两期TM影像数据为主要数据源,在2004年巴彦淖尔地区荒漠化监测数据基础上,通过人机交互解译的方式,提取巴彦淖尔地区荒漠化信息,运用GIS手段,对巴彦淖尔地区荒漠化土地按荒漠化类型、荒漠化程度进行了分析。结果表明:巴彦淖尔地区以风蚀荒漠化为主,81.7%的荒漠化土地是风蚀荒漠化;巴彦淖尔地区风蚀、盐渍化荒漠化分别增加2.1万hm2和0.67万hm2,水蚀荒漠化减少0.01万hm2。     

文峪河流域土地利用/覆被变化及其驱动力分析

土地利用/覆被变化对于区域的自然、经济和生态发展有着深刻的影响,土地变化驱动力研究是土地利用/覆被变化的核心问题之一。为了探讨中西部小流域的土地覆被变化特征及其驱动因子组成与驱动方式,以山西省文峪河流域为研究对象,基于RS与GIS平台,分析流域2000—2018年土地利用/覆被变化情况;利用马尔柯夫模型预测未来土地利用结构;选取自然因子、区位建设因子、社会经济因子,利用Logistic回归的建模方法分析流域的土地利用/覆被驱动力。结果表明,流域整体耕地、林地、草地面积有所减少,水域、建设用地、其他用地类型面积增加,不同地类的变化速度、土地转移情况不同,流域整体土地变化速度较快,利用程度提高,有序化程度下降,均匀度增加。预测结果显示,耕地、林地、草地、其他用地面积下降,水域、建设用地面积增加,除耕地、建设用地外,其余地类面积变化较小。自然因子、区位建设因子和社会经济因子对研究区土地利用/覆被变化都具有显著的驱动作用。流域的土地利用/覆被在过去18年间经历了快速、复杂的变化,自然因子对土地变化具有基础性、长远性的影响,短时间尺度上区位建设因子与社会经济因子是影响土地变化的主要驱动力量。     

Effects of legal regulations on land use change: 2/B applications in Turkish forest law

For the countries struggling with climate change, sustainable forestry is one of the greatest challenges and is difficult to define, implement, and to measure. According to the scientific community’s consensus on climate change, forests are one of the major sinks and sustainable forest management (SFM) is needed to prevent deforestation and its negative effects on natural ecosystems. Despite being a party to many international treaties/agreements related to land use policies (LUP) that are promoting SFM to protect and develop forest resources, the 2/B application in Turkish forest legislation has been causing deforestation in Turkey since the 1970s.

In this study, 2/B applications–political and legal process–causing deforestation by land use change (LUC) are investigated by carrying out a legal analysis. About 500.000 ha of forests have been lost due to the 2/B application and as a LUP directly affects SFM, carbon sequestration capacities (CSC), and therefore, climate change. To exemplify this pre and post-LUC change and effect, the amount of carbon that was prevented from being absorbed as 176,7 tonnes/ha on average in a given forest area for the year 2016. There is a vital need to address the negative effects of ill-defined forest legislation to achieve SFM.     

基于RS和GIS的吉首市城市扩展动态研究

以RS和GIS技术为支撑,基于多时相Landsat遥感数据,采用监督分类中最大似然方法提取湘西自治州吉首市城市空间特征信息,通过影像叠加分析及重心转移分析,结合扩张速度指标和吉首市独特的人文因素研究表明：吉首市城区1987-2005年19a间面积翻了1．3倍,年平均增长率为4．511％;城区扩展空间主要集中在西南方向;在此基础上,以影响城市扩张视角多元化为出发点,通过分析社会经济因子、人口因子、政策导向性因子等因子对城区扩张的影响,得出在政策导向性的前提下,社会经济（GDP）和人口增长是吉首市城市扩展的核心影响因子。     

Linking physical, economic and institutional constraints of land use change and forest conservation in the hills of Nepal

This paper analyses the changes in spatial patterns of agricultural land use during the period 1976–2000 along the altitudinal gradients in a watershed in Nepal. Land change patterns during this period were examined using information on land use derived from satellite images from 1976, 1990 and 2000. During the 24-year period from 1976 to 2000 agricultural land use increased by 35% at a cost of loss of forestland. Agricultural expansion was most conspicuous at higher elevations (1150–2000-m). About 36%, 18% and 6% of forestland was converted into agricultural activities from higher, middle and lower elevations respectively in the period from 1990 to 2000. Spatial distribution of living standard parameters, including farm family income and, food availability obtained from family surveys, shows a decreasing trend as the elevation increases whereas percentage of food bought shows an increasing trend. In this way it was found that, lost forest areas were smaller when located around high-income areas with good quality agricultural land and near an administrative centre as compared to areas located around low-income areas with low quality agricultural land and far from an administrative centre. Additionally, a regression model is constructed, to link the socioeconomic variables with the conversion of forestland into agricultural activities, breaking the study area into smaller zones. The spatial trajectories of these zones are then contrasted, paying particular attention to the socioeconomic conditions and institutional arrangements governing access to land resources. The study finds that while overall land change patterns in the region are largely explained by elevation and the socioeconomic conditions of people living adjacent to the forestland, more specifically, in sub-regional areas, trajectories reflect the signatures of institutions governing access to land. As sustainability of the watershed is dependent on forests, continued depletion of forest resources will result in poor economic returns from agriculture for local people together with loss of ecosystem services.     

Ecosystem services of fast-growing tree plantations: A case study on integrating social valuations with land-use changes in Uruguay

The rapidly increasing area of tree plantations, especially in the tropics and subtropics, has raised expectations and concerns as to their impact on ecosystem services. We studied the effect of the establishment of eucalyptus and pine plantations on local people's social valuations of ecosystem services in a case study in Uruguay. We also assessed the social and political restrictions that might limit the establishment of new markets for ecosystem services. Our study showed that the rapid change in land use in Uruguay over the past 20 years, from grassland to plantations, has affected people's perceptions of landscape's capacity to produce ecosystem services. The ecosystem services of plantations that showed the greatest discrepancy between local people's valuations and both recognition by experts and current scientific evidence were biodiversity, water effects, and carbon cycling. We found that in particular regulating services, and some provisioning ones, are quite well recognized by substance specialists, but are sometimes rather unfamiliar to the general public. The proper planning of plantations may improve the provision of ecosystem services, such as biodiversity enhancement, wood availability for fire and energy, water quality, and carbon sequestration, while at the same time diluting some others. The selection of ecosystem services to be taken into account in plantation management depends both on local cultural values and on the particular environmental pressures considered to be most in need of mitigation.     

以林地为主的土地利用类型对生态系统服务功能影响研究——以长沙市岳麓区莲花镇为例

土地利用结构的改变对生态系统服务功能影响深远。参照前人提出的陆地生态系统价值当量因子表并结合研究区实际情况,计算出研究区2005~2013年生态系统服务价值VESV。结果表明:莲花镇生态系统服务价值构成中,林地占主要部分,达到75%以上,其次是水域。研究区总VESV由2005年的45.73×107元减少到2013年的44.81×107元,林地面积的减少以及建设用地面积的增加是生态系统服务价值减少的主要原因;对开展"综合土地整理"项目的五村进行分析,结果表明大华村和立马村的单位面积ESV较高,说明两村生态效益较高,土地利用规划更加合理;桐木村的单位面积ESV最小,在今后的发展中应增加林地面积,保护耕地,减少未利用地向建设用地转变。研究期内各土地利用类型的敏感性指数均小于1,说明研究结果可信。     

Monitoring the effects of land use and cover changes on net primary production: A case study in China's Yongding River basin

Changing land uses and cover types influence vegetation composition and health, so understanding the effects of these changes on net primary production (NPP) provides an important tool for monitoring ecosystem responses to environmental change. Using remote-sensing images and precipitation, temperature, and total solar radiation data from 1978, 1987, 2000, and 2005, and a light utilization efficiency model, we studied the effects of changes in these parameters and land use and cover types on NPP in China's Yongding River basin. We determined the NDVI of vegetation in the basin, and used these results to estimate the NPP of vegetation in the basin and the influence of land use and cover type changes on NPP under two climate scenarios: one in which the precipitation and temperature of the previous period remain unchanged into the following period, that is, use the climate in 1978, 1987 and 2000 to analyze NPP data in 1987, 2000 and 2005 respectively, and another in which both parameters remain constant at their 1978 values throughout the study period. With the climate unchanged from the former period, NPP in 1987 decreased compared with the 1978 value by 20–50 gC/m², and then increased by more than 40 gC/m² in western and central parts of the basin from 1987 to 2000. From 2000 to 2005, NPP decreased in the northwestern, northern, and eastern parts of the basin. With climate unchanged from 1978 to 2005, NPP increased from 1987 to 2000 by from 10 to 30 gC/m² in most areas. From 2000 to 2005, some farmland in western and northwestern parts of the basin and some forest land were converted into grassland, decreasing NPP by 40–50 gC/m².     

基于城乡统筹的土地利用总体规划——以泸定县为例

近年来,随着社会经济建设的加快,各行各业的用地量增加,用地矛盾日益突出。特别是城市建设的加快,城市扩张对土地的需求量扩大,城市向农村迅速蔓延。这就必然要求土地利用总体规划以城乡统筹的视角来全局考虑综合安排各行业用地。以泸定县土地利用总体规划为例,从泸定县的实际情况出发分析统筹安排各行业用地。     

基于农户调查的退耕还林若干问题研究(Ⅰ)——以河北省丰宁县为例

通过对丰宁县9个乡镇25个村200个农户的问卷调查,对退耕还林过程中存在的一些问题进行了研究.结果表明,大部分农户对于国家的退耕还林政策还不是十分了解,教育程度越高的农户对政策了解程度也越高;大多数农户对于国家的退耕还林政策持支持态度,对于退耕还林政策的执行较为满意;多数农户认为,退耕还林后环境条件有了较为明显的改善;但是,多数农户认为国家的退耕还林补助期限太短,应该适当延长.同时,部分农户表示,补助期满后将会复耕.建议加大退耕还林政策宣传力度,提高农民对于退耕还林政策的了解程度,同时在后续政策的制定中,适当调整补助政策,使退耕还林工程得以长期、有序、健康的发展.