Sediment Phosphorus Release at Beaver Reservoir, Northwest Arkansas, USA, 2002–2003: A Preliminary Investigation

Phosphorus (P) release from bottom sediments can be a significant source to the overlying water column, potentially maintaining and enhancing algal growth and eutrophic conditions in lakes and reservoirs. Thus, the objectives of this study were to: (1) measure P flux under aerobic and anaerobic conditions from intact sediment cores collected at Beaver Reservoir, northwest Arkansas, (2) evaluate the spatial variability in measured sediment P flux under aerobic and anaerobic conditions along the reservoir, and (3) compare external and internal P loads to Beaver Reservoir. Six intact sediment cores were collected at three sites representing the lacustrine, transitional, and riverine zones during June 2003, September 2003 and February 2004 and incubated for 21 days in the dark at ～22°C. Three cores from each site were incubated under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions. Water samples were collected from the overlying water column in each core daily for the first five days and every other day thereafter and analyzed for soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP). Water removed from the core was replaced with filtered lake water, maintaining a constant overlying water volume of 1 l. Sediment P flux under anaerobic conditions (<0.01–1.77 mg m^?2 day^?1) was generally greater than that measured under aerobic conditions (<0.01–0.89 mg m^?2 day^?1). Some spatial variability existed in sediment P flux where P flux was generally greatest at the sites in the riverine and transitional zones. Maximum sediment P flux was observed under anaerobic conditions in cores collected from the transitional zone during September 2003. Average sediment P flux under aerobic conditions (0.09 mg m^?2 day^?1) and anaerobic conditions (0.31 mg m^?2 day^?1) was greater than the external P flux (0.05 mg m^?2 day^?1) estimated from the Beaver Reservoir tributaries. Results showed that the annual internal P load (7 Mg year^?1) from bottom sediments in Beaver Reservoir was less than 10% of the annual external P load (～81 Mg P year^?1). The internal P load was significant, but it would not currently be cost effective to manage this P source given the large surface area of Beaver Reservoir.     

滇池沉积物的功能: 磷源还是磷库?

Dianchi Lake is a highly eutrophic lake in southwestern China where phosphorus (P) is the limiting element for eutrophication and where lake sediments play an important role in the P cycle. One hundred and eighteen sites were sampled throughout Dianchi Lake in 2002 to investigate the P loading of the lake sediments, while fresh surface sediments were studied in the laboratory to clarify its role for phosphorus. The results showed that concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in sediments were very high, with a maximum value of 6.66 g kg^-1, and decreased with sediment depth. P adsorption on surface sediments was rapid with adsorption amounts higher in acidic than in alkaline conditions. The release experiments showed that P release increased as pH rose from 7.0 to 10.5. Additionally, compared with aerobic conditions, P release was much higher under anaerobic: conditions, especially with low P content in the lake water. At present, the sediments in Dianchi Lake still function as a sink for phosphorus at high P levels in lake water. However, if the external P load was reduced and P content in lake water became low, the sediment would have a large potential for P release under anaerobic conditions.     

Lake Sediments from Dianchi Lake： A Phosphorus Sink or Source？

Dianchi Lake is a highly eutrophic lake in southwestern China where phosphorus (P) is the limiting element for eutrophication and where lake sediments play an important role in the P cycle. One hundred and eighteen sites were sampled throughout Dianchi Lake in 2002 to investigate the P loading of the lake sediments, while fresh surface sediments were studied in the laboratory to clarify its role for phosphorus. The results showed that concentrations of total phosphorus(TP) in sediments were very high, with a maximum value of 6.66 g kg^-1, and decreased with sediment depth. P adsorption on surface sediments was rapid with adsorption amounts higher in acidic than in alkaline conditions. The release experiments showed that P release increased as pH rose from 7.0 to 10.5. Additionally, compared with aerobic conditions, P release was much higher under anaerobic conditions, especially with low P content in the lake water. At present, the sediments in Dianchi Lake still function as a sink for phosphorus at high P levels in lake water. However, if the external P load was reduced and P content in lake water became low, the sediment would have a large potential for P release under anaerobic conditions.     

上海郊区河流沉积物N、P释放的初步研究

A laboratory study was conducted to observe the release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the sedimentsunder both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The samples used were five creek sediments and a fish-pondsediment (as a comparison) obtained from suburban Shanghai. High loads of nitrogen and phosphoruswere found in the creek sediments. Total nitrogen of the sediments ranged from 1.17 to 5.95 g kg^-1; totalphosphorus from 608.63 to 2 033.95 mg kg^-1. Making up more than 90% of the total nitrogen, organicnitrogen was the dominant nitrogen fraction in the sediments; where as inorganic phosphorus was the dominant phosphorus fraction, which made up more than 85 percent of the total phosphorus. Cabound phosphorus fraction dominated inorganic phosphorus, which occupied more than 50% of the total. A large amount of ammonium was released from the sediments under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, and the anaerobic releases were slightly greater than the aerobic. In addition, ammonium contents in the aerobic waters decreased sharply after reaching the peaks because of strong nitrification, compared with the relatively maintained ammonium peaks in the anaerobic waters. Anaerobic phosphate releases were much greater than the aerobic and the released ortho-phosphate was mainly from Fe-bound phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the sample of the dredged creek were the lowest, showing that creek dredging could effectively remove contaminants from the surface of sediments and weaken the release potentials of nitrogen and phosphorus. Ammonium and ortho-phosphate releases from the fish-pond sediment were greater than those from the creek sediments though its total nitrogen and phosphorus were not the highest, which was probably due to the larger amount of biologically degraded organic matter in the fish-pond sediment.     

溶解氧等环境因素对Alafia河表层沉积物磷释放影响的模拟研究

在实验室条件下,采用混合均匀的Alafia河表层沉积物并以蒸馏水为上覆水进行沉积物磷释放模拟试验,研究了溶解氧、有机碳和金属铝对沉积物磷（PO4-P）释放的影响。结果表明,试验期间厌氧条件下沉积物磷释放量明显高于好氧条件下。厌氧条件下,未添加金属铝、添加有机碳源的试验组中沉积物释放平衡时水中磷浓度为5.93mg.L-1;好氧条件下,平衡时水中磷浓度为2.39mg.L-1。研究还发现,未添加金属铝的试验组,无论好氧还是厌氧条件下,未添加有机碳源时,沉积物磷释放量高于添加碳源条件;而在添加金属铝后,添加有机碳源的试验组中磷释放量略高于未添加碳源的试验组。添加金属铝能够明显抑制沉积物中磷的释放。未添加金属铝,厌氧条件下,平衡时水中磷浓度为6.91mg.L-1,好氧条件下,释放平衡时水中磷浓度为3.70mg.L-1;而添加金属铝的试验组,无论厌氧还是好氧条件下,上覆水中磷浓度均很小,接近于0mg.L-1。     

Investigations concerning the sustainability of remediation by land deposition of tributyltin contaminated harbour sediments

Sediments often contain high concentrations of tributyltin, which is used as a biocide in antifouling paints. The aim of our project was to assess land deposition as an alternative in dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Therefore, we followed the biological degradation of TBT under aerobic and anaerobic conditions at different temperatures using defined laboratory experiments and performing field measurements. With the data obtained, a risk assessment is performed. The biological degradation of TBT is faster under aerobic conditions and with increasing temperature. The half-lives found show the dependency of the degradation rates on the temperature between 5 to 55°C The degradation rate determined for water under the same conditions (just biological degradation, without photolysis) is almost 4 times higher than in the sediment. The field studies gave a degradation rate of around 10% per year in untreated sediment and 30% per year in restacked sediments. We did not observe any interference of released TBT with ground water or surrounding areas. The TBT uptake in plants was low. Based on our results, a multidimensional risk evaluation was done, concerning the TBT and its degradation products dibutyl tin (DBT) and rnonobutyl tin (MBT) released from the deposition area. The land deposition appears to be a sustainable solution for dealing with TBT-contaminated harbour sediments. Compared to other disposals, it is economically one of the cheapest and, from an ecological point of view, it is acceptable.     

沉积物中核酸态有机磷及其矿化过程研究

水体沉积物界面中磷的释放机制非常复杂,生物作用导致的pH值和氧化还原条件变化对湖泊沉积物矿化能力有显著影响。普遍认为沉积物中有机磷的矿化过程是对水体富营养化具有重要贡献的环节之一,而核酸态有机磷可从一定程度上表征微生物水平,反应微生物对矿化作用的影响。据此采用DNA提取的方法对沉积物中核酸态有机磷的含量进行测定,并模拟沉积物中核酸在不同pH和溶解氧条件下的矿化过程。结果表明,DNA提取方法可以快速、准确提取沉积物中核酸磷;沉积物中核酸磷含量为0．43～0．61μg·g^-1,占有机磷总量的0．27％～0．37％,精确度为1．58％～3．63％。模拟实验结果表明,在两种情况下上覆水中总磷浓度均呈波动式上升,在pH接近7时沉积物中核酸磷较低,有氧条件下核酸磷呈下降趋势。     

环境条件变化对瓦埠湖沉积物磷释放的影响

拟议中的“引江济淮”调水工程涉及到长江、淮河两大河流，瓦埠湖为其中的一个重要湖泊，其水质是否受到调水的影响为该工翟关注的环境问题之一。分析了外界环境因子变化对瓦埠湖底泥在不同环境条件下以及干、湿沉积物样品磷释放的差异，环境因子分别选取了不同磷浓度的上覆水、光照、pH、温度、DO、微生物、水体扰动等。结果表明：湿样释磷能力明显高于风干样品；上覆水体磷的浓度对底泥释磷能力有较强的调节作用；光照对底泥释磷影响不明显，但温度对底泥的释磷有较明显的影响，磷的最大释放量与之呈正相关；水动力条件的改变可在短期内使底泥达到最高的释放量．而DO、pH的改变也可不同程度地增加底泥的释磷能力。综合瓦埠湖底泥的释磷特征与湖泊水文状况，认为调水工程使得底泥释磷的地球化学行为较易实现。     

Degradation and sorption of commonly detected PPCPs in wetland sediments under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

Purpose

Wetlands are a popular tool to treat/polish wastewater by reducing nutrient loading into the environment. In addition to nutrients, organic contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), are commonly detected in treated wastewater. Treatment wetlands may reduce concentrations of PPCPs before the treated effluent enters rivers and streams. Oxygen status may greatly affect the attenuation of PPCPs in wetland sediments by influencing microbial makeup and activity. An understanding of the effect of redox conditions on the degradation of PPCPs and the factors influencing PPCP sorption to wetland sediments is needed to maximize PPCP removal in treatment wetlands.

Materials and methods

Three wetland sediments from the San Diego Creek and Newport Bay watershed in Southern California, USA, were incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to assess the degradation of several regularly occurring PPCPs and their phase distribution as a function of time.

Results and discussion

Under aerobic conditions, ibuprofen, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and gemfibrozil generally had half-life values around 20?days, while the half-life of carbamazepine was substantially longer (between 165 and 264?days). The anaerobic half-lives of gemfibrozil and ibuprofen increased by factors of 11?C34 and carbamazepine increased by factors of 1.5?C2.5. There was no detectable anaerobic degradation of DEET. The apparent phase distribution coefficient increased over time for DEET, carbamazepine and gemfibrozil, indicating that sorption of PPCPs to wetland sediments may be more limited than that predicted using equilibrium sorption coefficient values.

Conclusions

Knowledge of the capacity of wetland sediments for degrading and sorbing PPCPs is vital to the design of treatment wetlands. Degradation of the selected PPCPs was enhanced under aerobic conditions as compared to anaerobic conditions. Sorption to sediments increased with contact time, indicating that longer hydraulic retention will increase wetland capabilities for removing PPCPs.     

Specific rates of net methylmercury production in lake sediments

Specific rates of Hg (²⁰³HgCl₂) methylation and McHg (¹⁴CH₃HgI) demethylation in aerobic and anaerobic conditions were determined in samples of surface sediments (0 to 2 cm) taken from five small headwater lakes in Southern Finland. The highest rates of methylation were measured in anaerobic conditions. However, the importance of aerobic methylation increased with increasing Fe and Mn content in sediment. There was little difference between aerobic and anaerobic demethylation. The results demonstrate that the net McHg production in lake sediments depends on the individual characteristics of the lake, particularly pH and and sediment properties. These characteristics seem to affect demethylation in anaerobic conditions and methylation in aerobic conditions.     

Release of atrazine ((14)C) from two undisturbed submerged sediments over a two-year period.

Through water erosion and runoff, sediment-adsorbed atrazine can undergo sedimentation and accumulation at the bottom of water bodies and become potential sources of atrazine to the water column. The purpose of this study is to determine the fate and release of atrazine ((14)C) to the water column from two simulated undisturbed submerged sediments at two temperature treatments (5 and 24 degrees C) over a 2-year period. Atrazine residue ((14)C) was released from the two sediments and was, primarily, diffusing from the sediment pore water to the water columns. The amount released was affected by sediment type and is related to the sediment's adsorption/desorption capacity. Larger amounts of residue ((14)C) were released to the water columns at 5 degrees C than at 24 degrees C. Atrazine degraded in the shallow submerged anaerobic sediment's water columns over the 2-year period. Less than 2% (percent of applied in atrazine equivalent) of extractable atrazine and metabolites remained in the sediment after 2 years. The amount of nonextractable atrazine residue ((1)(4)C) was significantly higher in sediments at 24 degrees C than at 5 degrees C. In conclusion, atrazine accumulating in shallow undisturbed submerged sediments from nonpoint sources would most likely degrade and/or become nonextractable over time and would have a low probability of becoming a significant source to the water body. The conditions where accumulation and future release of atrazine have a greater potential to occur are under very cold temperatures with low adsorption capacity sediments.     

荣成天鹅湖湿地沉积物对磷的吸附特征及影响因子分析

在荣成天鹅湖湿地的典型区域选取代表性样点,研究表层沉积物对水体中磷的吸附特征,并分析了环境因子、沉积物组成对磷吸附的影响.结果表明,当上覆水中磷浓度低于0.40 mg/L时,沉积物对磷的吸附量很低或呈负吸附状态;在高磷浓度条件下,等温吸附曲线可用改进的Langmuir模型来很好地拟合.本研究条件下湿地沉积物对磷的吸附容量(Q_(max))变幅为181.8～1 000.0 mg/kg.临界磷平衡浓度(EPC_0)变化在0.043～0.479 mg/L之间.沉积物对磷的最大吸附量与其本身的理化性质关系密切,主要影响因素为粘粒含量和粘土矿物种类,氧化铁铝和有机质含量起次要作用.环境因子对磷吸附的影响作用明显,各因子的影响顺序为:扰动>温度、盐度>pH.不同区域相比,湿地北部沉积物的吸附能力远高于南部砂质土.且后者的吸附特性更易受到环境因子的影响.     

Mössbauer studies of the speciation of tributyltin compounds in seawater and sediment samples

The antifoulant agents, bis-(tributyltin) oxide (TBTO), tributyltin acetate (TBTOAc) and tributyltin chloride (TBTCI) were mixed with various media. These media included distilled water, seawater, aerobic and anaerobic sediments. The Mossbauer spectra of the chloroform extracts of the distilled water and seawater mixed with these compounds were examined. The componds were mixed with aerobic and anaerobic sediments, and the Mossbauer spectra of the sediments were also examined. TBTO was converted to the hydroxide compound in all media except in anaerobic sediment where it was converted to an unidentified compound. TBTOAc and TBTCI were not changed by mixing with distilled water and aerobic sediment but were converted to the hydroxide compound in seawater and in anaerobic sediment.     

海河干流柱芯不同粒径沉积物中有机质和磷形态分布研究

采用欧洲标准测试委员会制定的SMT法（标准测试方法）对海河干流不同粒径级柱芯沉积物中各种形态的磷进行分级提取和测定,并在此基础上讨论不同深度、不同粒径沉积物中磷形态分布特征。结果表明,在邢家圈和张家嘴两采样点,海河沉积物颗粒组成以细砂、极细砂为主,占总量的40%～60%。沉积物中总磷含量在560～1100μgP·g-1之间。在所有不同粒径沉积物中钙结合态磷（HCl-P）含量最高,占总磷的60%～80%,可交换态磷（Ex-P）含量极微,占总磷的2%～3%,不同粒径下各形态磷含量的高低顺序为：钙结合态磷（HCl-P）〉有机磷（OP）〉铁铝氧化物结合态磷（NaOH-P）〉可交换态磷（Ex-P）;张家嘴采样点表层沉积物中磷形态含量高于其他沉积深度磷含量,表明近年来,沉积的磷主要以人为输入为主;钙磷含量随粒径变化复杂,其他各形态磷的含量均随沉积物粒径变小而增高。此外,对各形态磷之间以及各形态磷与沉积物理化性质之间的相关性进行了讨论。     

Nitrogen Mobility at the Sediment-Water Interface of Lake Maracaibo,Venezuela

Nitrogen is one of the two most important elements in the metabolism of aquatic ecosystems. At low concentrations it can limit primary productivity and when present at very high concentrations it can participate in the eutrophication process of these environments. The mechanism of nitrogen transport in sediments is almost unknown, nevertheless it is of vital importance for establishing mass balances in aquatic systems. In the study presented here, we assessed the nitrogen flux in sediments of the central part of tropical Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, in particular with regard to dissolved oxygen concentrations. Experiments were performed under laboratoryconditions in a batch system, and at varying dissolved oxygenregimes (aerobic and anaerobic). Every two days, during 3 months,overlying water samples were taken to analyze nitrite, nitrate,ammonium and Kjeldahl total nitrogen. Average release rates oftotal nitrogen were 0.86 in aerobic, and 1.06 mmol N m^-2 d^-1 in anaerobic systems corresponding to 41.7% of total N input to the lake. The behavior of nitrogen was strongly influenced by nitrate concentrations under aerobic conditions, and by organic nitrogen under anaerobic conditions during the course of the experiment. A major trend for the release of organic nitrogen during anaerobic conditions, and of nitrate, during aerobic conditions, was observed. Also fluxes of NO₃ ^-, NH₄ ⁺, organic N and Total N across the sediment-water interface were measured. In anaerobic conditions, which are predominant in the hypolimnetic cone of LakeMaracaibo, denitrification was estimated to be 0.02 mmol N m^-2 d^-1, which corresponds to 1.89% of the total N released from sediments.This is to our knowledge the first study of nitrogen fluxes insediments from Lake Maracaibo. The laboratory data presented herereflects conditions in the lake when major nutrients accumulation occurs.     

Effect of aggregation on the adsorption of phosphorus onto air-dried sediment in contrasting shear flow conditions

Purpose

Fine sediments are usually collected in situ and air-dried for adsorption experiments, which may lead to particle aggregation and thus have a significant effect on phosphorus (P) adsorption under dynamic conditions. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of aggregates due to drying with shear stress and the effects on the adsorption of P onto air-dried sediments under different shear rates after re-wetting.

Materials and methods

Sediment samples were collected from an alluvial river. Fine wet sediments (<31 μm) were wet-sieved and air-dried, and some air-dried sediments were further sonicated and served as the control. The grain size distribution of the three sediment samples (wet, dried, and sonicated) was measured to evaluate the particle aggregation level. The P sorption capacity of wet and dried sediments was determined by batch equilibrium experiments. The change of aggregate size with shear stress was investigated for dried and sonicated sediments. Sorption equilibrium experiments were performed to investigate the effect of shear stress on the P sorption with and without change of particle aggregation level, respectively.

Results and discussion

Fine particles agglomerated into larger aggregates during the drying process, resulting in a significant increase in the aggregate size. The sorption capacity was lower in aggregated sediment than in original wet sediment. Aggregate size in dried sediment decreased with the increase of shear rate, leading to an increase in the surface area and available adsorption sites, whereas the particle size of sonicated sediment was hardly affected. Accordingly, the P sorption amount of dried sediment increased with increasing shear rate, whereas that of sonicated sediment showed no significant change with shear rate after all sediments were suspended. There was a significant curvilinear correlation between aggregate size and P sorption amount for dried sediments, thus indicating that the P sorption amount increased significantly with decreasing aggregate size.

Conclusions

Sediment aggregation is an important factor affecting P adsorption besides the amount of suspended sediments and the exchange between suspended and bed sediments under dynamic conditions. The P equilibrium adsorption amount increases with shear stress for air-dried sediment. The effect of particle aggregation on the amount of P sorbed onto sediments should not be ignored, and thus, more attention should be paid to the pretreatment of sediment samples in the sorption experiments under dynamic conditions.

     

Nonylphenol mass transfer from field-aged sediments and subsequent biodegradation in reactors mimicking different river conditions

Purpose  

Sediments can function as secondary source for water pollution of aerobically biodegradable non-halogenated organic compounds, which are persistent in anaerobic sediments. The mass transfer of compounds from sediment to bulk water depends on hydraulic conditions. In this study, desorption, mass transfer and biodegradation are investigated under settled and resuspended sediment conditions for branched nonylphenol (NP), which was used as model compound for aerobically biodegradable and anaerobic persistent compounds.     

旋流排沙渠道排沙特性试验

旋流排沙渠道是基于旋转水流的特点提出的一种水沙分离新技术,为明确不同来流条件对旋流排沙渠道排沙特性的影响,该研究通过物理模型试验探究了来流流量、来流流速、泥沙级配及下游渠道水力条件下旋流排沙渠道的排沙、余沙及淤沙特性,分析了其截沙率变化规律。结果表明,当来流条件改变时,旋流排沙渠道的排沙特性发生规律性变化,在来流流量增加或流速增加或来沙中值粒径减小情况下,旋流排沙渠道的排沙量减小,余沙量增加,其中改变来流流量对截沙率的影响最为明显,最大变幅为16.3%。不同水沙条件下0.075～0.315 mm细颗粒泥沙的排沙量及余沙量均存在较大差异,且下游渠道余沙均以该粒径区间的泥沙为主,而粒径>0.315～3.0 mm泥沙的排除效果受水沙条件改变的影响极小。排沙洞内泥沙淤沙量随来流量和泥沙中值粒径的增加而增加,而随流速的增加而减少,但各水沙条件下最大淤沙量仅为来沙量的2.6%。在渠道下游设置挡水板后,旋流排沙渠道的排沙性能得到进一步提升,提高了粒径>0.16～0.315 mm泥沙的排除效果,与不设挡水板相比截沙率增加了4.6个百分点,也改善了排沙洞内的泥沙淤积问题。旋流排沙渠道具有良好的泥沙分选效果,能有效排除高含沙水流中的粗颗粒泥沙（在不同水沙条件下最小截沙率为76.9%）,从而减少了泥沙对渠道下游设施的影响,因此工程中可通过优化流量、流速、下游水力条件等提升旋流排沙渠道的排沙特性。研究明确了不同水沙条件下旋流排沙渠道的适用性,成果可为其在工程中的设计和应用提供参考。     

Effect of sediment pH and oxidation-reduction potential on PCB mineralization

Microbial mineralization rates of a ¹⁴C-labelled PCB mixture were determined in PCB-contaminated Capitol Lake, LA, sediment under controlled pH and redox conditions. Mineralization rates were inferred from the activity of ¹⁴CO₂ evolved from the sediment suspensions. Sediment pH and redox potential significantly affected PCB mineralization. Mineralization rates were higher under moderately aerobic conditions (microaerophilic) ( + 250 mV) than under aerobic conditions ( + 500 mV) or anaerobic conditions (0 mV and ?200 mV). PCB mineralization rates in moderately aerobic sediment were 30 to 40 fold higher than those in anaerobic sediment. Sediment conditions in the oxidized surface layer would promote PCB mineralization. Sediment pH and redox potential were shown to be two sediment parameters which can be managed to enhance degradation of PCBs in contaminated sediment.     

引黄畦灌田间水沙分布规律

为探究引黄地面灌溉条件下水沙在田间的分布规律,该文于尊村引黄灌区开展田间试验,研究灌溉水流推进过程,灌溉水含沙量沿畦长方向的变化及灌水后泥沙在田面的沉积状况。结果表明,引黄灌溉水在沿畦长方向推进的过程中,随着水分下渗和水力损失,其流量减小,挟沙能力沿畦长方向逐渐减弱;挟沙水流中的较大粒径颗粒逐渐沉积,水流中携带泥沙的中值粒径逐渐减小;灌水结束后,田面沉积泥沙粉粒质量分数占70%左右,田面沉积泥沙质量沿畦长方向逐渐减小,在畦尾有增大趋势,且畦田首端和畦田尾端的沉积泥沙粒径大小及其颗粒组成却相差不大。研究结果为开发和利用畦灌蓄沙、放淤改土等黄河水沙利用技术提供一定的科学依据和理论支持。