应用国产激素进行奶牛超数排卵及同期发情处理的试验研究

用不同批号的FSH、PGF_(2a)共超排奶牛109头,超排有效率87.16%,采卵成功率90.35%,平均获卵数为7.55±6.62枚,平均获可用胚胎数5.67±5.22枚,不同批号间的平均获卵数,平均可用胚胎数差异均不显著(P>0.05)。供体超排后发情时间为36.30±9.92小时,受体同期发情处理后发情时间为63.24±16.09小时。奶牛移植受胎率为66.66%(6/9),黄牛移植受胎率为42.59%(23/54)。     

超数排卵母牛血浆孕酮、雌二醇和促黄体素含量与卵巢反应及胚胎质量的关系

对9头FSH超排母牛血浆孕酮,雌二醇和促黄体素水平进行了研究。超排第1天到发情后第4天的血浆孕酮含量与排卵数的相关不显著,发情后第7天的孕酮含量与排卵数的相关极显著(r=0.849.P<0.01);发情前的雌二醇含量与排卵数有弱的正相关,发情后第7天的雌二醇含量与排卵数有极显著的负相关(r=-0.809,P<0.01);促黄体素的含量与排卵数无关。另将供体母牛随机分为A、B两组,A组注射LRH—A_3,B组不注射,作对照。结果发现,两组间排卵数、采卵数,可用卵数和未排大卵泡数的差异在统计上均不显著。本试验结果表明,超排前血浆孕酮含量不适宜预测卵巢反应,而发情后第7天的孕酮含量是评定卵巢反应的一项合适的指标。超排时给予LRH-A_3的效果虽不十分显著,但有正效果,值得进一步研究。     

肉用绵羊胚胎移植技术推广应用效果

文章宗旨是进行进口肉用绵羊胚胎移植,为肉用绵羊生产提供更多的种羊,促进肉用羊产业发展.采用CIDR+FSH方法,对20只萨福克羊进行超数排卵处理,超排有效率100％,平均排卵点12.47个/只,平均采胚10.68枚/只,最高个体采胚数23枚;采用CIDR+PMSG方法,对160只本地绵羊进行同期发情处理,24h内同期发情率为98.10％;胚胎移植后两个情期不返情率(妊娠率)69.03％,实际产羔率66.45％.     

无角陶赛特母羊超排效果影响因素分析

为了加快国内引进无角陶赛特绵羊的杂交改良和扩繁,将MOET技术应用于生产,迅速增加现有种羊的群体.进行了不同厂家生产的FSH超排、青年羊和经产羊超排、母羊重复超排、母羊诱导发情后超排、黄体退化及超排母羊发情延迟对收集胚胎及可用胚胎数的影响比较.结果表明:用加拿大FSH(剂量160～200 mg/只)超排效果比较成功,可以收获12.91枚±7.80枚胚胎/卵和8.64枚±7.99枚可用胚胎;经产羊的超排效果优于处女羊(P＜0.05);连续超排和手术会降低总胚胎/卵回收数,但是对可用胚胎数无明显影响;用观察自然发情母羊超排,可以回收到较高的总胚胎/卵数(13.83枚±4.64枚)和可用胚胎数(12.00枚±5.76枚),显著高于诱导发情母羊和未知发情周期母羊超排后获得的总胚胎/卵数(7.00枚±4.9枚和5.94枚)和可用胚胎数(4.22枚±3.42枚和3.19枚±2.56枚)(P＜0.05);超排处理母羊发情推迟24 h获得的总胚胎/卵数和可用胚胎数(0.92枚±1.51枚和0.42枚±0.90枚)显著低于正常发情母羊(P＜0.01;超排后黄体正常母羊获得的胚胎/卵数和可用胚胎数分别为8.83枚±5.75枚和6.66枚±5.41枚,显著高于黄体退化母羊(5.88枚±5.09枚和3.59枚±4.30枚)(P＜0.01).结论:在胚胎移植中,通过使用加拿大FSH(Fotropin V)再结合选择经产母羊、自然发情母羊进行超排处理,冲胚时选择按时发情母羊及黄体正常母羊,可以收获到理想的总胚胎/卵数和可用胚胎数.     

促排3号对雷琼牛超数排卵效果的研究

为探索"促排3号"在雷琼牛超排中适宜剂量,在FSH剂量分别为14.0AU、16.4AU时,将35头雷琼牛分4组用不同剂量的"促排3号"对雷琼牛进行超数排卵效果研究。结果表明,在FSH适量的情况下,配种时注射促排3号50μg,雷琼牛头均黄体数、头均回收卵数、卵子回收率、头均有效胚数、有效胚率(有效胚占回收卵的比例)分别为11.33个、9.92个、84%、6.08枚和61%;头均黄体数Ⅲ组(11.33个)、Ⅱ组(11.06个)极显著高于Ⅰ组(7.33个)(P0.01),头均卵泡数Ⅲ组(0.50个)、Ⅱ组(1.33个)极显著低于Ⅰ组(6.56个)(P0.01),Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组没有差异(P0.05);头均回收卵数、回收率Ⅲ组高于Ⅱ组(8.10个、71%)和Ⅰ组(6.33个、46%)(P0.05);头均有效胚数、有效胚率Ⅲ组、Ⅱ组(4.0枚、49%)显著高于Ⅰ组(2.78枚、44%)(P0.05),Ⅲ组和Ⅱ组没有差异(P0.05)。试验提示,FSH+促排3号可明显增强雷琼牛超排效果。     

优质肉羊超数排卵优化组合方案应用研究

试验旨在探索优化超排方案,提高肉羊胚胎生产效率。在新疆哈密市牧祥合作社用FSH+PG递减4 d 8针注射法处理供体羊44只,冲胚数503枚、只均冲胚数11.43枚±0.79枚,可用胚数394枚、只均可用胚数8.95枚±0.95枚;同样的方法用FSH+PG+PMSG处理供体45只,冲胚数608枚、只均冲胚数13.51枚±1.04枚,可用胚数435枚、只均可用胚数9.67枚±1.06枚,差异均极显著(P0.01);对39只供体羊分别采用开膣器输精+自然交配+开膣器输精和自然本交方法配种,重复超排跟踪统计,重复超排和不同授精方式冲胚数无明显差异(P0.05);选用自然发情与人工诱情法处理,自然发情组可用胚胎数289枚,诱情组可用胚胎数221枚,两者差异极显著(P0.01);供体羊在不同营养状态下超排处理,营养良好者与营养中等者只均回收胚胎数分别为14.4枚和8.52枚,只均可用胚胎平均数分别为7.0枚和5.25枚,差异也极显著(P0.01)。该研究优化了绵羊超排方法和配种授精方案,初步建立了高效胚胎移植体系。     

海门山羊超数排卵,卵巢反应和胚胎发育观察

用促性腺激素 FSH(280IU 和340IU)、PMSG(1000IU)对海门山羊进行超数排卵处理,并比较它们的超排效果.试验结果表明:用280IU 的 FSH 超排,排卵数平均为7.5±4.6;用340IU 的 FSH 超排,排卵数平均为8.6±6.2;用 PMSG 超排,排卵数平均为5.5.FSH 处理超排效果比 PMSG 处理效果好。FSH 组的两种剂量间的效果差异不显著(P>0.05);卵巢对激素的反应比较明显,卵泡多,卵巢体积增大.经观察,胚胎发育在发情配种后的第3天,以单细胞受精卵到2细胞阶段的胚胎趋多;第4天,以4—8细胞阶段的胚胎趋多;第5天,以16—32细胞阶段趋多;第6天,发育到桑椹胚;第7—8天,以囊胚趋多。这一结果,为海门山羊今后进行胚胎工程提供了参考价值。     

对黑白花奶牛采用阴道内释放孕酮方法诱导发情(摘要)

对17头黑白花奶牛采用PRID(阴道内释放孕酮)法,对分娩后无发情的牛诱导发情;对性周期不规则的牛,经过超排处置后进行卵的回收;以及经过连续2次超排处置后对卵的回收情况分别进行研究后,得到下列结果:(1)分娩后64～143日的4头无发情牛;使用了PRID法。阴道内给药12日后除去药物。在除去药物的24小时前,肌肉注射PGF_2α25mg。于除去药物48小时后观察到3头牛发情,其中2头牛于除去阴道给药后58小时进行人工授精而怀孕。(2)性周期不规则的8头牛,利用PRID法给药12日,在除去阴道给药48小时前,采用性激素及PGF_2α进行超排处     

郏县红牛同期发情及超数排卵的研究

[目的]探讨生产中郏县红牛同期发情及超数排卵的方法。[方法]筛选75头郏县红牛分组分批进行同期发情及超数排卵。[结果]显示,CIDR+PG法处理组母牛同期发情率(100%)显著高于PG二次法处理组(76%)(P0.05);用加拿大促卵泡素(FSH)超排时头均获胚数6.33枚,用中科院动物所促卵泡素(FSH)超排时头均获胚数为6.00枚,二者差异不显著(P0.05)。[结论]分析结果可知,CIDR+PG法处理比PG二次法对郏县红牛的同期发情效果好;进口促卵泡素(FSH)与国产促卵泡素(FSH)对郏县红牛的超排效果无显著差异。     

青海高原地区应用绵羊胚胎移植技术的效果分析

采用同期发情+超排对12只特克塞尔羊、无角陶赛特羊,采用自然发情+超排对12只德国肉用美利奴母羊进行处理。结果表明:采用同期发情+超排处理,平均每只特克塞尔母羊获卵达8.7枚,平均获受精卵数7.1枚;陶赛特母羊平均1.8枚,受精卵数7枚,平均获受精卵数1.8枚(P<0.01)。德国肉用美利奴羊供体母羊的平均获胚数可达13.5枚,可用胚达8.7枚,可用胚率(%)迭67.0%(P<0.01)。对85只受体绵羊进行同期发情处理结果表明,处理后同期发情率达88.2%。将12枚可用胚胎移入10只受体,其中11只受体移入单胚,1只受体移入双胚,移植成功率达63.3%(P<0.01)。对62只自然发情的受体母羊进行胚胎移植,结果表明,移植2枚胚胎,受体母羊的受胎率比移植1枚的要高34%(P<0.01)。同期发情时间差异为±0d,妊娠率达100%,而时间差异为±0.5d的为66.67%(P<0.01)。对母羊发情时间与超排效果的关系分析结果表明,撤栓后24h内,或为注射FSH后第1天,标准时间内排卵(≤±4h)的母羊占64%,延时8 h以内排卵的占27%,提早或延时1.0h~1.5h排卵的占9%。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -