崂山奶山羊乙酰辅酶A羧化酶α基因(aCA CA)多态性及其与泌乳性状的相关分析

利用高效液相色谱法(denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography,DHPLC)和直接测序法,检测了174只崂山奶山羊(Capra hirc us)泌乳母羊的ACA CA基因启动子PⅢ位点多态性,采用最小二乘方法分析其与泌乳性状之间的关联效应.结果显示,在启动子PⅢ部分序列中共检测到3个SNPs,即第1206位的B/D,1255位的A/C和1322位的M/N,其等位基因和基因型频率在种羊场(F)和农户(P)两个群体中分布不均衡,均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05).在两个样本群中,大部分泌乳性状均存在显著的场别效应(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),而位点的基因型效应均不显著(P＞0.05).在F群体的1206位点上,等位基因B为乳蛋白率、乳糖率、非脂肪物性状的有利等位基因,BB基因型与BD基因型的乳蛋白率和乳糖率性状差异极显著(P＜0.01),非脂肪物和乳密度性状差异显著(P＜0.05),乳蛋白率、乳糖率和非脂肪物性状均存在显著的等位基因替代效应(P＜0.05);而在P群体中,两种基因型之间的所有性状则差异不显著(P＞0.05).在F群体的1322位点上,等位基因N为乳糖率的有利等位基因,为300 d产奶量的不利等位基因,MN基因型与MM基因型的300 d产奶量和乳糖率性状差异显著(P＜0.01或P＜0.05),其等位基因替代效应分别为-52.22 kg和0.12％(P＜0.01);而在P群体中,等位基因M为乳蛋白率、乳糖率、非脂肪物、乳密度的有利等位基因,基因型MM与MN在乳蛋白率、乳糖率、非脂肪物和乳密度性状均存在显著差异(P＜0.05),乳糖率和非脂肪物的等位基因替代效应分别为-0.25％和-0.44％(P＜0.05).研究结果提示,ACACA基因启动子PⅢ相同等位基因在不同育种群体中,对乳蛋白率、乳糖率、非脂肪物、乳密度、300 d产奶量存在不同程度的影响.     

蛋鸭骨桥蛋白基因OPN的多态性与蛋品质性状的相关性研究

骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)是一种分泌型磷酸化蛋白,其可能在蛋壳形成过程中发挥作用。为了分析蛋鸭OPN基因单核甘酸多态性(SNPs)及其与蛋品性状的相关性,本研究以山麻鸭和绍兴鸭(Anas platyrhyncha domestica)各100个个体为研究材料,采用直接测序法进行OPN基因外显子7 SNPs的筛选。结果显示,山麻鸭中共发现8个突变位点,绍兴鸭有9个突变位点。在山麻鸭群体中,G544C、A671G,G672C、T761C和T873C 5处SNPs对部分蛋品性状有极显著或显著作用。而绍兴鸭群体中,A671G、G672C和T761C 3处SNPs对部分蛋品性状有极显著或显著作用。其中,山麻鸭A671G及G672C位点有3种基因型,对蛋壳厚度,BB型个体均值极显著高于其他基因型,对哈氏单位,AA型个体均值显著高于其他基因型。T761C位点有3种基因型,BB基因型对300日龄蛋壳厚度极显著优于AB/AB基因型。T873C位点,BB基因型在300日龄蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度及500日龄蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度和蛋壳重均高于其他基因型。因此推断,位点T761C的B等位基因和T873C的B等位基因为改善蛋品性状的有利基因。绍兴鸭A671G和G672C位点在500日龄蛋形指数方面,AB基因型均值极显著高于AA和BB基因型。在T761C位点,BB型和AB型的300日龄蛋壳强度和蛋壳厚度均值显著高于AA基因型,在500日龄蛋形指数、蛋重、蛋壳重和蛋内容物重4个性状上,AB基因型均值略高于AA基因型,极显著高于BB基因型。结果表明,OPN基因可作为蛋品性状分子标记,为蛋鸭的标记辅助选择育种提供基础资料。     

中国荷斯坦牛κ-酪蛋白基因两SNP位点基因型组合对产奶性状的影响

研究κ-酪蛋白基因单核苷酸多态性及其组合与中国荷斯坦牛泌乳性状的关联性,为进一步加快高乳蛋白及高乳脂率奶牛育种进程提供参考依据。采用PCR-RFLP、CRS-PCR和DNA测序技术,对435头中国荷斯坦牛的κ-酪蛋白基因的外显子4和5上两个SNP位点进行了研究,计算其基因频率和基因型频率,确定其基因型组合,并对其基因型和基因型组合与泌乳性状进行了关联分析。结果发现,在435头试验牛群中,共有8种基因型组合。单个SNP位点关联分析表明：T10996A突变位点3种基因型间TA基因型个体乳脂率极显著高于AA基因型个体(P＜0.01), TA基因型个体乳蛋白率显著高于AA基因型个体(P＜0.05)。T12980C突变位点的3种基因型间TC基因型个体乳脂率极显著高于TT基因型个体(P＜0.01),TC和CC基因型个体乳蛋白率显著高于TT基因型个体(P＜0.05)。T10996A/T12980C两种基因型组合分析中,在乳脂率上,TTCC基因型组合个体最高,TATC基因型组合个体位居第三位;在乳蛋白率上,TATC基因型组合个体显著高于AATT基因型组合个体(P＜0.05)。【结论】κ-酪蛋白基因不同基因型和基因型组合与中国荷斯坦牛乳脂率和乳蛋白率存在相关性,但与产奶量和脂蛋白比不相关。     

鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体基因(ovr)SNPs检测及其与蛋用性状的关联分析

以6个鸡(Gallus gallus)品种混交群体390个个体为研究材料,采用PCR-SSCP、PCR-RF-SSCP及测序的方法进行鸡卵细胞卵黄生成受体(occyte vitellogenesis receptor,ovr)基因内含子单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点筛选,并与鸡群蛋用性状进行关联分析.结果表明,在鸡ovr基因中发现内含子2T3967G,内含子7C8099T和A8296G,内含子9A8839T和G9084A共5个突变位点;其中内含子2HinfⅠ突变位点与开产日龄和蛋壳厚度相关极显著(P＜0.01),与产蛋量、蛋重和蛋黄比例相关显著(P＜0.05);3种基因型中订个体在开产日龄、平均产蛋量、蛋重、蛋黄比例等方面都优于其它基因型个体.研究结果证实了ovr基因对鸡的产蛋性能和蛋品质性状有重要的影响.     

抗粘液病毒基因（Mx）S631N多态位点与白耳鸡免疫性状和生产性能的关联分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法检测抗粘液病毒基因(Mx)S631N多态位点的等位基因A和G在白耳鸡群体中的分布;通过选配组建三种不同基因型群体(AA,AG,GG),免疫后分别于35日龄、42日龄、49日龄、70日龄和100日龄采用血凝和血凝抑制方法测定不同基因型个体的禽流感(AI)和新城疫(ND)抗体滴度,并测定不同基因型个体的90日龄体重、开产日龄和72周龄产蛋数;分析该多态位点与免疫性状和生长性状的关联.结果表明,在白耳鸡群体中Mx基因S631N多态位点的等位基因频率处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),3种不同基因型频率分别为0.233(AA),0.517(AG)和0.250(GG);在测定的日龄内不同基因型个体的AI抗体滴度和ND抗体滴度水平呈现出类似的增长和消减变化,在多个测定日龄内从基因型个体的AI抗体滴度和ND抗体滴度水平显著高于AG和GG基因型个体(P<0.05);关联分析结果表明,该多态位点与49日龄时的ND抗体滴度峰值和70日龄时的AI抗体滴度峰值间均存在显著关联(P<0.05),但不同基因型个体间的90日龄平均体重、开产日龄和72周龄产蛋数差异均不显著(P>0.05).研究结果证实Mx基因S631N多态位点可以作为提高抗病力的重要候选标记位点.     

猪OPN基因与繁殖性状的关联分析

摘要：OPN（osteopontin）基因是近年来在猪的繁殖性状上发现的一个候选基因,本试验以长白猪,大白猪和北京黑猪为研究对象,研究OPN基因多态性与猪的繁殖性状之间的关联。经特异性产物的扩增,结合测序发现,OPN基因的第6内含子存在305bp的缺失突变,从而产生多态。在长白猪和大白猪中发现了AA、AB和BB 共3种基因型,在2个群体中处于中度多态,且已达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态。而在北京黑猪群体中没有多态,只有BB基因型。利用SAS 8.0 软件采用最小二乘法拟合线性模型,将不同基因型与总产仔数(TNB)、产活仔数(NBA)和初生重(WB)进行了关联分析,结果表明：长白猪初产母猪AA型个体的TNB、NBA显著的高于AB和BB型个体(P＜0.05),经产母猪AB型个体的TNB和NBA显著的高于AA型与BB型个体(P＜0.05),A等位基因对TNB、NBA和WB均表现为正效应。在大白猪中,不论是初产母猪还是经产母猪,其BB和AB型个体的TNB、NBA高于AA型个体,但其差异不显著(P＞0.05),B等位基因对TNB、NBA都表现为正效应。     

垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽基因(PACAP)G3909A突变对秦川牛部分生长性状的影响

利用PCR-SSCP技术检测垂体腺苷酸环化酶激活多肽基因（PACAP）在257头秦川牛（Bos tarurs）群体中的多态性,并构建最小二乘分析模型,分析基因型与部分生长性状的相关性。结果表明,在该基因3909bp处发生G/A突变,基因型检测结果共发现3种基因型,AA、AB和BB,A和B等位基因的频率分别为0.5992和0.4008。卡方检测结果显示该位点在所检测秦川牛群体中处于Hardy-Weinbery平衡状态。方差分析结果显示：体斜长,AA、AB和BB基因型个体之间差异均达到极显著（P〈0.01）;体高,AA和AB基因型个体极显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0.01）,AA基因型个体显著高于AB基因型个体（P〈0.05）;体重,AA和AB基因型个体极显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0.01）;胸围,AA基因型极显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0.01）,AA基因型个体显著高于AB基因型个体（P〈0.05）,AB基因型个体显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0.05）;胸宽,AB基因型个体显著高于BB基因型个体（P〈0.05）;而其它性状差异均不显著。该位点可能是影响秦川牛体斜长、体高、体重、胸围和胸宽的主效QTN或与之紧密连锁,可作为秦川牛选育的侯选分子标记。     

南阳牛IGF-IR、CAPNⅡ和UCP 3基因多态性与生长性状的相关分析

对南阳牛胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ受体(ICF-IR)、钙激活中性蛋白Ⅱ(CAPN Ⅱ)和解偶联蛋白3(UCP 3)3个位点PCR-RFLP与生长性状进行相关分析.在所研究群体中,IGF-IR/Taq Ⅰ多态位点上BB型个体仅检测到2头,IGF-IR/Taq Ⅰ位点等位基因A和CAPN Ⅱ/Hha Ⅰ位点等位基因B为优势等位基因.南阳牛在IGF-IR/Taq Ⅰ和CAPN Ⅱ/Hha Ⅰ位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态,在UCP 3/Bgl Ⅰ位点偏离HardyWeinberg平衡状态.相关分析表明,IGF-IR/Taq Ⅰ位点不同基因型对南阳牛生长性状影响不显著.CAPN Ⅱ/Hha Ⅰ位点对6月龄的生长性状影响显著(P＜0.05);对不同生长阶段的体协长和胸围影响显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).UCP 3/Bgl Ⅰ位点对6月龄的体重、体高和体协长,24月龄体高、体协长和胸围影响显著(P＜0.05).在CAPN Ⅱ/Hha Ⅰ和UCP 3/Bgl Ⅰ位点上,南阳牛AB型个体生长性状表现最好.CAPN Ⅱ/Hha Ⅰ和UCP 3/Bgl Ⅰ多态可以作为南阳牛早期选育的有效标记.     

基于DNA池重测序技术研究细毛羊LAMB1基因的SNPs分析

层粘连蛋白β1 (laminin-beta-1,LAMB1)作为层粘连蛋白家族成员之一,在生物过程中发挥极为重要的作用.为了分析细毛羊(Ovis aries)毛性状相关候选基因LAMB1的遗传效应,本研究通过DNA池重测序技术筛选了LAMB1基因外显子区的5个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs),对其使用聚合酶链反应-单链构象多态性(single strand conformation polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products,PCR-SSCP)技术分型,在此基础上,利用SAS 8.1的GLM程序分析其对新疆巩乃斯种羊场418只细毛羊毛性状的遗传效应,利用HaploView 4.2软件进行连锁不平衡(linkagedisequilibrium,LD)分析.结果显示,该细毛羊群体遗传变异处于中等水平,LAMB1的5个SNPs发生错义突变.SNP2中AA和GA基因型个体鉴定时体重、剪毛后体重极显著高于GG基因型个体(P＜0.O1);SNP4中CC、TT和TC基因型个体间的自然长度差异极显著(P＜0.01),CC基因型个体的剪毛后体重极显著高于TT和TC基因型的个体(P＜0.01);而其他SNPs各基因型个体间的部分毛性状有显著差异(P＜0.05).SNP1和SNP3、SNP2和SNP3处于连锁不平衡状态,LAMB1基因可作为具有潜在应用价值的细毛羊毛性状分子标记之一.本研究揭示了L4MB1基因的分子遗传特征及其与细毛羊群体的遗传关系,为高效选育细毛羊经济性状及对其种质资源的保护与利用提供了分子学基础.     

生长分化因子-9(GDF9)基因多态性与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关联性分析

为探讨生长分化因子-9基因(GDF9)的多态性与邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的关系,本研究以中国农业科学院家禽研究所选育的216只邵伯鸡(Gallus domesticus)母系为材料,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测GDF9基因的SNPs,并分析基因多态性对邵伯鸡母系开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄总产蛋数以及300日龄平均蛋重之间的关系。结果显示,在外显子2发现3个突变位点,G2051A位点检测到3种基因型GG、GA和AA,相关分析显示,GG基因型个体的开产体重和开产蛋重显著低于AA型个体(P0.05),而300日龄产蛋数显著高于AA型个体(P0.05);T2273C位点检测到2种基因型TT和TC,TT基因型个体与CT基因型个体的各性状差异均不显著(P0.05),C2336T位点检测到3种基因型CC、CT和TT,CT基因型个体的开产日龄显著早于CC与TT型个体(P0.05),其300日龄产蛋数显著高于CC型与TT型个体(P0.05)。3个位点的联合基因型GGCTCT对开产体重、开产日龄、开产蛋重、300日龄平均蛋重、300日龄产蛋数均有显著影响。研究结果提示,邵伯鸡母系GDF9基因的多态性与产蛋性状呈显著相关,可尝试用联合基因型GGCTCT为筛选邵伯鸡母系产蛋性状的分子标记辅助选择。     

Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2)

(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins.     

Excretion of (14)C-fumonisin B(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed fumonisin B(1), and (14)C-fumonisin B(1)-fructose in rats.

14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of homochiral (R)- and (S)-karahanaenol from (R)-limonene

Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative.     

(三唑基-~(14)C-)粉锈宁的标记合成

本文报道了(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁的制备。由14C-甲酸和重碳酸氨基胍形成(5-14C)-3-氨基-1,2,4-三唑,再经重氮化脱氨得到(5-14C)-1,2,4-三唑,最后再与对氯酚和二氯片呐酮反应得到(三唑基-14C)-粉锈宁。放化收率为26％(从甲酸-14C计),放化纯度大于95％。     

Theoretical speciation of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) in agronomic conditions

The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability.     

Binding studies of oxovanadium(V) with ovalbumins (OA)

The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id₀) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG ⁰ value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin.     

Effect of pH on interaction between As(III) or As(V) and manganese(IV) oxide

The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO₂, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg^?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg^?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10^?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg^?1 with 2 × 10^?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na⁺ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered.