Hematuria following administration of ethanol

Hematuria, with some erythrocytes also appearing in the urine, was observed in male albino rats given 20 percent and 40 percent ethanol in lieu of drinking water for several weeks. However, the amounts of hemoglobin in the blood of the treated group did not change relative to those of the control group; this finding indicates that the degree of hematuria was not sufficient to produce an anemia.     

长期口服阿卡波糖对SAMP8小鼠背海 马synaptotagminⅠ的影响

利用免疫组化法检测长期口服阿卡波糖对SAMP8小鼠背海马突触蛋白synaptotagminⅠ（SytⅠ）表达的影响。结果显示,SytⅠ在背海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回各层均有表达。老年对照组小鼠背海马各区SytⅠ的相对含量显著高于青年对照组（Ps<0.05）。阿卡波糖处理组小鼠背海马各区SytⅠ的相对含量显著低于同龄对照组（Ps<0.05）。上述结果提示长期口服阿卡波糖可减轻SAMP8小鼠背海马年龄相关性SytⅠ增加的水平。     

Tissue distribution of deoxynivalenol in piglets following intravenous administration

Contamination of deoxynivalenol(DON) in grains is common worldwide and pigs are particularly susceptible to this mycotoxin. The distribution of DON in porcine tissues following intravenous administration was investigated in this study. Fifteen pigs were randomly divided into three groups. Animals in groups A and B were administrated with DON at the dose of 250 and 750 μg kg–1 body weight, respectively, while group C served as blank control. Plasma, bile and 27 tissues were collected at 30 min post-administration. DON concentrations in all samples were tested using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS/MS). To observe the distribution of DON in tissues, these samples were further subjected to the immunohistochemical analyses. Totally, the bile and 13 tissues were sampled for DON-based detection, including kidney, mesenteric lymph nodes, muscle, stomach, jejunum, colon, plasma, spleen, rectum, cecum, liver, ileum, and duodenum. No significant difference was observed for the concentrations of DON in duodenum, ileum and liver samples between groups A and B; while the DON concentrations in cecum and rectum of group B were significantly higher(P-value 0.05) than those in group A. In addition, the DON concentrations in stomach, jejunum, colon, mesenteric lymph nodes, muscle, kidney, spleen, bile, and plasma of group B were remarkably higher than those of group A(P-value0.01). Levels of DON in other 14 tissues including medulla oblongata, midbrain, diencephalon, pons, tip and tongue body, tongue, soft palate, tonsils, pharyngeal mucosa, oral buccal mucosa, thymus, thyroid, esophagus and adrenal gland were all below the limit of detection. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that 11 tissue samples(medullaoblongata, tonsil, adrenal medulla, thyroid gland, thyroid, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, kidney, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes) were positive and DON was mainly distributed around blood vessels in these tissues. Therefore, we believed that concentrations of DON in tissues differ when pigs are in exposure to various dosages and DON causes lesions in many pig tissues.     

Brain serotonin concentration: elevation following intraperitoneal administration of melatonin

The intraperitoneal administration of melatonin to rats caused an increase in brain serotonin concentration, especially in the midbrain. This effect could be demonstrated within 20 minutes of melatonin administration and was not associated with changes in norepinephrine concentration.     

Gut reactions of radioactive nitrite after intratracheal administration in mice

Intratracheal administration to mice of radioactive nitrite labeled with nitrogen-13 (13NO2-) (half-life, 9.96 minutes) in dosages that do not cause pharmacological perturbation reveals that oxidative and reductive reactions occur in different organs. Oxidation of 13NO2- to radioactive nitrate (13NO3-) predominates in the blood and liver. Reduction of 13NO2- occurs in those mice that harbor intestinal microflora; this reduction does not occur in germ-free mice. The intestinal reduction products include ammonium, glutamate, glutamine, and urea. With a detection limit of about 0.01 percent of the instilled nitrogen-13, no labeled nitrosamines were detected within 30 minutes. Reduced nitrogen-13 is transported out of the intensive into the circulatory system and appears in the urine along with 13NO3-. The biological half-period for 13NO2- destruction is about 7 minutes, and both oxidation and reduction products are formed.     

Inhibition of normal growth by chronic administration of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Body weight, food and water intake, and feces weight of 20 albino rats were recorded daily for 70 days. On days 11 to 40, 12 rats received behaviorally effective doses of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, either orally or intraperitoneally. These rats ate significantly less than placebo-dosed controls during the treatment period, and gained significantly less weight. Food intake recovered in the 30-day posttreatment period, but the former drug group still weighed less than the controls on day 70. In addition, all rats who had received intraperitoneal injections of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol showed evidence of chronic diffuse nonsuppurative peritonitis.     

Withdrawal versus Withholding of Positive Reinforcement

The correct address for the Society for the Scientific Study of Sex is 1 E. 42 St., New York 17, N.Y. The society will hold its first meeting on 8 November at the Barbizon-Plaza Hotel in New York     

Regeneration in spinal neurons: proteosynthesis following nerve growth factor administration

Incorporation of H(3)-leucine into dorsal root ganglion cells in rats was markedly increased over that of controls following section of sciatic and femoral nerves. Crush lesion of dorsal roots did not increase the H(3)-leucine uptake of these cells except in animals which had received nerve growth factor after the operation.     

关于公诉案件撤诉的几个问题

公诉案件的撤诉符合控审分离原则和起诉便宜主义的要求，体现了保障人权的价值追求和诉讼经济原则;撤诉应遵循一定的程序，应在法律辩论终结前提出并说明理由;法院应当对检察机关的撤诉申请进行司法审查，听取被告人质疑意见;公诉机关撤诉后诉讼程序终止，不得再行起诉。     

慢性束缚与慢性不可预期温和应激抑郁模型小鼠的行为学比较及其发生机制研究

【目的】通过比较慢性束缚应激(Chronic restraint stress,CRS)与慢性不可预期温和应激(Chronic unpredictable mild stress,CUMS)对C57BL/6小鼠行为学指标及大脑海马区相关功能的影响,探讨抑郁症的发生机制。【方法】分别建立CRS及CUMS小鼠模型,通过旷场试验、强迫游泳试验和悬尾试验测定小鼠的行为学指标;取小鼠脑组织,制备常规石蜡切片,运用苏木素-伊红(HE)与免疫组化染色考察小鼠大脑海马区组织形态及5-羟色胺1A受体(5-HT1AR)的表达情况,并运用荧光分光光度法测定小鼠海马组织单胺氧化酶活性的变化。【结果】与空白对照组相比,CRS组小鼠的水平穿格数、直立次数及体质量均显著减少,悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比无明显变化(P>0.05);而CUMS组小鼠自发活动无明显改变(P>0.05),但悬尾及强迫游泳试验累计不动时间百分比极显著增加(P<0.01),体质量显著下降。脑组织形态学研究结果显示,CUMS组小鼠海马CA1、CA3区和齿状回均出现萎缩,而CRS组小鼠海马CA1区未受影响,CA3区和齿状回均发生萎缩。与对照组相比,CRS组与CUMS组小鼠大脑海马单胺氧化酶活性升高,5-HT1AR表达均减少,差异均分别达显著和极显著水平。【结论】CRS和CUMS均可不同程度地引起抑郁样症状,CRS对探索性行为的抑制较明显,CUMS则可引发典型的行为绝望状态;CRS与CUMS组小鼠的行为学差异可能与2组抑郁模型动物脑内海马区组织结构及功能变化的差异存在相关性。     

苦参碱不同给药途径对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

为探究苦参碱灌胃和腹腔注射不同给药途径对肠道菌群的影响,将昆明小鼠随机分为4组,分别为生理盐水腹腔注射组(NCip)、生理盐水灌胃组(NCig)、苦参碱腹腔注射组(MTip)及苦参碱灌胃组(MTig),连续给药5d后,收集各组粪便,进行小鼠肠道微生物α多样性指数分析和β多样性分析,利用LEfSe和Metastats分析不同组间肠道菌群的差异。结果表明:灌胃和腹腔注射苦参碱的不同给药方式对小鼠肠道菌群的α多样性指数及β多样性的影响差异不显著(P0.05);LEfSe分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,腹腔注射苦参碱组的小鼠肠道有益菌拟杆菌目(Bacteroidales)、调节机体代谢的另枝菌属(Alistipes)丰度显著增加(P0.05);Metastats分析发现,与灌胃苦参碱相比,苦参碱腹腔注射组的小鼠肠道与结肠炎相关的脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、[Eubacterium]_fissicatena_group丰度显著降低(P0.05)。综上,不同给药途径会引起肠道菌群的差异,相比于灌胃给予苦参碱,通过腹腔注射给予苦参碱更有利于优化肠道菌群的结构及功能。     

Persistent increase in brain serotonin turnover after chronic administration of LSD in the rat

Lysergic acid diethylamide at doses of 20 micrograms per kilogram per day was administered orally to rats for I month. Eighteen hours after the final dose a 25 to 30 percent increase in the synthesis and turnover of serotonin was noted, as well as a moderate but significant increase in the concentration of tryptophan (18 percent) and serotonin (13 percent) in the brain.     

信息技术在档案管理中的应用

信息技术发展的日新月异 ,随时有新的技术和成果推出 ,为此 ,在信息技术的影响下 ,档案管理工作得到了相应的推动和发展。下面就从 5个方面具体对信息技术在档案管理中的应用加以阐述。1　计算机技术在档案管理中的应用目前 ,人们说的计算机技术主要是电子计算机技术 ,利用电子     

口服羊软骨II型胶原蛋白抑制小鼠佐剂性关节炎研究

该文系统地研究了羊源II型胶原蛋白(Type II collagen,CII)对小鼠佐剂性关节炎(Adjuvant arthritis,AA)的抑制作用,在致炎前14 d(预防组)、致炎同时(治疗组)经口插管灌胃法给予小鼠3 mg/(kg.d)CII灌胃,并于致炎后6、12、18和24 d时分批断颈处死小鼠,对小鼠血清中一氧化氮(Nitric Oxide,NO)、白细胞介素-1β(Inter-leukin-1,IL-1)、超氧化物岐化酶(Super oxide dismutase,SOD)和丙二醛(Malonyl dialdehyde,MDA)的含量变化进行研究。结果发现,口服CII可降低小鼠血清中NO、IL-1和MDA含量,同时使小鼠血清中SOD活性增强,抑制AA的发病,降低发病率,明显减轻病变关节的炎症反应并使病程缩短,预防组显著优于治疗组。     

问题金融机构市场退出的基本范畴分析

市场主体的进退是市场得以循环与净化及保证活力的必然要求。如果不能从范畴的角度廓清市场退出的本位,则也难以摆正金融机构市场退出法律制度所应包括的内容,从而出现问题救助与市场退出纠缠不清的局面。在后危机时代,从金融机构市场退出的界定、价值取向及利益博弈的角度阐明所涉问题的基本范畴对于理念创新及制度完善的意义是不言而喻的。     

黄皮果提取物对小鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究黄皮果水提物对小鼠慢性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用.方法 40只ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、高剂量和低剂量黄皮果组,分别给予生理盐水及不同剂量黄皮果水提取物;6 h后正常组以生理盐水灌胃,其余各组用50％乙醇溶液灌胃.30 d后测定血清ALT、AST及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽、丙二醛含量;HE及PAS染色观察肝病理改变,免疫组化检测NF-κ3表达.结果 与模型组比较,黄皮果组血清ALT、AST含量和肝组织中丙二醛、NF-κB表达降低(P＜0.01),而肝组织中SOD和谷胱甘肽水平升高(P＜0.01或0.05),肝细胞脂肪样变、水样变及炎细胞浸润明显改善.结论 黄皮果提取物对小鼠慢性酒精中毒所致肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与增加SOD和谷胱甘肽活性、促进自由基清除、降低NF-κB表达有关.     

口服重组酵母(ApoB100肽段)对小鼠产生特异性抗体的诱导作用

【目的】开发一种针对低密度脂蛋白成分ApoB100的新型重组酵母疫苗,为动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)的防治提供一种思路。【方法】利用PCR得到包含编码ApoB100的3 136-3 155位氨基酸残基的目的片段,将其克隆到酵母表达载体JMB88-HA-OVA-MCS上,构建JMB88-HA-OVA-hApoB载体,用硫酸铜诱导表达后获得HA-OVA-hApoB融合蛋白。采用口服的方法对昆明小白鼠免疫成功表达HA-OVA-hApoB蛋白的酵母细胞12周,每周1次,每次1×108个酵母细胞,免疫结束后4周采血,用Western blot检测小鼠是否产生特异性抗体。【结果】PCR扩增获得了859bp的人ApoB100基因。成功构建了JMB88-HA-OVA-hApoB载体。口服免疫12周后,HA-OVA-hApoB免疫组小鼠的血清中含有特异性ApoB100抗体。【结论】灌服表达人ApoB100肽段融合蛋白的重组酿酒酵母能诱导小鼠的免疫反应,使其产生特异性抗体。     

对动物饲料中禁用抗菌促生长剂的反思

欧盟国家对饲用抗菌促生长剂禁令的颁布引起了国际社会的广泛争议。文章综合动物源细菌耐药性监测数据和风险评估结果,对饲料中禁用抗菌促生长剂进行了反思,结果发现：（1）某些饲用抗菌促生长剂（如大环内酯类促生长剂泰乐菌素和链阳性菌素类促生长剂维吉尼亚霉素等）对人类健康的耐药性风险似乎被人为夸大,系统的风险评估结论认为,养殖动物中泰乐菌素等大环内酯类促生长剂的使用对人类弯曲杆菌耐药性的风险是可以忽略的,维吉尼亚霉素促生长剂的应用也几乎不会对人类肠球菌耐药性造成很大的风险;（2）“病原菌耐药性从农场到餐桌转移”的命题似乎缺乏科学证据,目前虽然有证据显示动物体耐药菌会直接传播给那些与动物密切接触的人群,但动物体耐药菌通过食物链环节传播给人的证据尚不充分;（3）禁用抗菌促生长剂并没有改变耐药模式,特别是禁用糖肽类阿伏帕星、氟喹诺酮类恩诺沙星和四环素类金霉素等促生长剂后,动物体和人体耐药菌数量仍然有增无减、持续上升,其原因可能归咎于万古霉素耐药屎肠球菌较强的传播特性和氟喹诺酮类耐药弯曲杆菌较强的适应性,而四环素类治疗用药的增加也必然增加肠道细菌的耐药性;（4）禁用抗菌促生长剂对动物养殖业带了一定的损失,比如,使产气荚膜梭菌引起的坏死性肠炎的发病率升高,使养殖动物治疗性抗生素的使用量增加,使养殖原料和场地相应增加等;（5）禁用抗菌促生长剂对动物源性食品安全和人类公共健康造成了一定的影响,比如,影响动物体肠道菌群发酵从而增加了有害气体的排放,提高了食品加工过程中的细菌污染几率从而增加了人体食源性病原菌的发病率。总而言之,决策的制定需要权衡利弊、因地因时制宜,综合考虑禁用抗菌促生长剂对耐药性风险的控制作用以及对动物养殖业和人类公共健康的影响。结合中国动物养殖业发展现状及全球动物性产品需要程度,需要开展深入的科学研究,寻找耐药性控制新措施;开展系统的风险评估,有的放矢地制定风险控制策略;加强政府监管力度,避免药物滥用,促进合理用药以延缓耐药性产生。