低盐锻炼对苗期番茄生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

摘要：为了探究低盐锻炼对盐胁迫环境下番茄幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响，以“KT636”番茄品种为供试材料，设置5个低盐锻炼水平，NaCl浓度分别为0、25、50、75、100 mmol/L，7 d后模拟重度盐胁迫（NaCl浓度为100 mmol/L），分别标记为NS-100、T25-100、T50-100、T75-100、T100-100，以1/2霍格兰德营养液正常培养的幼苗为对照，分析番茄幼苗的生长指标和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明：与未经低盐锻炼处理相比较，低盐锻炼各处理番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶片干质量均无显著变化；25 mmol/L的低盐锻炼可以提高盐胁迫下植株的株高和茎粗，且显著提高了叶面积、地上部干质量、地下部干质量、植株干质量以及叶片过氧化物歧化酶（POD）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）的活性，在一定程度上提高了番茄幼苗的耐盐性。     

两个番茄品种幼苗耐盐性评价

为研究2个番茄品种WK53、WK54的耐盐性,采用200 mmol·L~(-1)NaCl处理幼苗,分别测定其生长指标、可溶性糖、Na~+、K~+含量,以及抗盐基因SOS1、SOS2相对表达量。结果表明,盐胁迫下,2个品种番茄展叶数、株高、茎粗的相对增长值均受抑制;可溶性糖含量较对照组分别增加了66.1%、73.7%;而叶片Na~+、K~+含量却只有少量提高;抗盐基因SOS1、SOS2相对表达量均受盐胁迫诱导,尤其是在WK54中,SOS2表达水平较对照组上升18倍。综合分析表明,在幼苗期WK53、WK54均具有一定的耐盐性,但WK54的耐盐性更好,SOS2的高表达可能是WK54更耐盐的关键因素。     

不同基因型番茄种子萌发期和幼苗期耐盐性评价

试验选用14个番茄品种进行种子萌发期、幼苗期耐盐性评价。对种子萌发期的相对发芽势和相对发芽率进行聚类分 析,14个番茄品种分为耐盐性强的品种5个和耐盐性弱的品种9个;对幼苗期的盐害指数、相对电导率、相对茎粗、相对茎叶 干质量、相对根干质量5项指标进行聚类分析,14个番茄品种分为耐盐性强的品种4个和耐盐性弱的品种10个。结果表明：14 个番茄品种两个发育阶段的耐盐性不完全一致。     

番茄品种与砧木苗期耐盐性指标评价及耐盐品种筛选

为了筛选出耐盐的番茄品种和砧木品种,确定番茄幼苗的可适应盐浓度、筛选强度和可用于鉴别番茄苗期耐盐性的指标,试验以19 个番茄栽培品种和3 个砧木品种为试材,在苗期浇灌不同盐浓度的营养液,对幼苗生长等相关指标进行测定并进行相关分析。结果表明佳西娜（产地荷兰,樱桃番茄,红果）和瑰丽绝粉（产地甘肃,大果,粉果）为耐盐的番茄品种,番茄砧木406（产地山东,大果,红果）为耐盐的番茄砧木品种。在每隔2 d 1 次的灌溉强度下,番茄苗期可适应盐浓度为4 g·L^-1,筛选强度为8 g·L^-1。可以作为鉴别番茄幼苗耐盐性的指标为全株干质量、地上部干质量、根干质量、株高、茎粗、功能叶片数和壮苗指数,而根冠比则不可作为番茄幼苗耐盐性的鉴别指标。     

弱光对番茄生长发育及产量的影响

以性状稳定的4个番茄品系为试材,利用模拟弱光环境研究弱光对番茄生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,弱光使植株株高/茎粗增加,干质量、比叶重、叶片数、坐果率、单果质量和单株产量降低。番茄产量的降低幅度与弱光下植株各个生育期的生长特性有一定的相关性。株高/茎粗、总干质量和叶干质量、比叶重在不同生育期的变化趋势相似,但不同品系的变化程度不同,因此,可考虑用其作为番茄苗期鉴定耐弱光性强弱的指标。     

二十个名贵菊花品种耐盐性的筛选

采用无土栽培的方法,对20个名贵菊花品种进行了耐盐性筛选试验。结果表明:在浓度为0.6mol/L NaCl胁迫下,以植株所受的盐害指数为依据,可以对名贵菊花的耐盐性进行快速、有效筛选;根据聚类结果将20份材料的耐盐性分为极强、强、中等、弱、极弱5个级别,其中"黄松针"耐盐极强;"紫云"、"千秀银针"等5份材料耐盐性强,"炼丹炉"等9份材料耐盐性中等,"秋水芙蓉"等3份材料耐盐性弱,"彩霞"等2份材料耐盐性极弱。     

嫁接对番茄产量、品质及耐盐性影响的综合评价

以‘佳西娜74-112’番茄自根嫁接植株及其与8种砧木嫁接植株为试材,研究盐胁迫下不同砧木对番茄生长、产量、品质、钾钠离子吸收与分配、光合作用等的影响,采用隶属函数法进行综合评价。结果表明,虽然盐胁迫降低了生长势和产量,但却显著提高了果实品质。嫁接植株生长势、产量、品质和耐盐性因砧木不同而显著不同。采用‘西方番茄砧木’嫁接进行耐盐栽培,比对照条件下自根嫁接番茄产量降低32.3%,但比盐胁迫栽培的自根嫁接番茄产量提高37.7%,且对果实品质的负面影响相对较小,表现出最强的综合优势。采用隶属函数法将多项指标进行综合排序,提出了一套可应用于番茄耐盐砧木筛选的分析流程,有望为盐碱地土壤的综合开发利用提供参考。     

彩虹101番茄生产中存在的问题及解决的技术措施

彩虹101番茄是近几年推广的耐储运新品种，与多年种植的普通番茄品种相比，有以下特点：（1）果实硬度大，果皮厚：干物质含量多，耐储运性好，在一般条件下储存期可达30d以上，可出口和外省市销售；（2）果皮鲜红色：大小中等，单果质量150g左右，适宜成串采收，可作为观光采摘的首选品种；（3）植株生长健壮、结果期长、产量高：株高可达10m以上，     

黄瓜耐盐根际促生菌的筛选及评价

为获得具有较高耐盐能力的根际促生菌并探究其对黄瓜幼苗耐盐性的影响,对5株菌株的生化特性进行测定,并通过耐盐盆栽试验初步筛选出HG15-7、NSY1、NSY50等3株耐盐促生菌株,进一步通过盆栽试验比较了3株耐盐促生菌株对黄瓜幼苗生长、光合作用及抗氧化代谢的影响。结果表明,耐盐促生菌株均具有较高的ACC脱氨酶活性和IAA合成能力,接种耐盐促生菌株均可不同程度提高盐胁迫下黄瓜幼苗的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶绿素含量和净光合速率,其中耐盐促生菌株NSY50处理效果最佳,150 mmol·L-1NaCl处理下分别较对照提高49.63%、8.27%、25.00%、17.19%和9.29%,相对电导率及丙二醛含量分别较对照降低21.81%和22.22%,减轻盐胁迫对黄瓜幼苗的氧化伤害,进而增强黄瓜幼苗耐盐性。NSY50具有进一步研究开发利用的潜力。     

大葱伴生栽培对日光温室连作番茄生长、产量和光合特性的影响

为了研究大葱伴生栽培对日光温室连作番茄植株生长、产量和光合参数的影响,以大葱和番茄为研究对象,测定了番茄植株的株高、茎粗、叶片数、节间长、产量及光合参数。研究结果表明,大葱伴生栽培不改变番茄植株叶片数,但能有效增加番茄株高、茎粗和节间长,且植株长势旺盛;净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率均明显高于对照处理,且大葱伴生番茄植株的净光合速率与对照处理差异显著。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.