攀枝花市麻疯树根际土壤内生菌根菌主要种类的初步研究

在攀枝花市仁和区按天然麻疯树分布特征,采集20个根际土壤样品,研究其内生菌根菌的种类及相互关系。初步研究结果是,筛分出4种孢子并鉴定为巨囊霉属2个,球囊霉属1个,无梗囊霉属1个,且两种巨囊霉之间存在相互竞争关系和高的线性负相关关系。球囊霉属与无梗囊霉属之间也存在相互竞争关系和高的线性负相关关系。     

苏鲁两省杨木红变、绿变和黄变的变色病害研究

为开展苏鲁两省杨木红变、绿变和黄变的变色病害研究,于2006～2011年分别对其6个县市木加工厂的杨木鲜变色进行了调查,并在实验室内对杨木的红变菌进行了接种变色实验。结果表明,杨木自然存放30天后,都会发生红变色、绿变色和黄变色,但是,红变色比绿变色和黄变色更常见,特别是其化学红变发生率可达10%以上。杨原木的红变色率占3.2%～6.6%,绿变色率占1.1%～3.3%,黄变色率占0%～2.2%。杨木单板的红变色率占4.0%～8.5%,绿变色率占0%～3.3%,黄变色率占0%～3.2%。由镰刀菌引起的新疆杨树溃疡病,其病斑下木质的红变色和黄变色的发生率分别为54.6%和11.3%,而在NL351杨树溃疡病病斑下木质的红变色和黄变色发生率分别为7.5%和3.3%。引起杨木红变色的砖红镰刀菌和接骨木镰刀菌的分离得率达45.5%。新疆杨树和NL351杨树溃疡病病斑的红变色木质部的镰刀菌分离得率为38.4%和31.5%。实验表明,接骨木镰刀菌是引起杨木变色的红变菌。本项研究首次提出了杨木鲜变色的概念。     

艾蒿提取液对9种植物病原真菌抑制作用研究

用9种植物病原菌为供试菌。采用经典生长速率法对艾蒿提取液的离体活性进行测定。结果表明:在生药质量浓度为0.1g/mL时,艾蒿提取液对9种病原真菌均表现出不同程度的抑制作用,其中艾蒿乙醇提取液对串珠镰刀菌的抑制作用最明显,抑制率达到98.2%;对致病疫霉Ⅰ、仁果丛梗孢、瓜果镰刀菌的抑制率达70%以上;艾蒿丙酮提取液对串珠镰刀菌、仁果丛梗孢、致病疫霉Ⅰ的抑制率分别为78%、72%和67%。     

商洛地区8种药用植物VA菌根真菌的资源调查

通过对陕南商洛地区8种药用植物VA菌根真菌资源进行了调查,共鉴定出3科3属6种VA菌根真菌:缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum Trappe)、集球囊霉(Glomus fasciculatu Gerd.&Trappe emend.Walker&Koske)、白色球囊霉(Glomus albidum Walker&Rhodes)、多梗球囊霉(Glomus multicaule Gerd.&Bakshi)、细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata Trappe)、大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantean Gerd.&Trappe)。本文对这六种VA菌根真菌的主要形态学特征进行了描述,并分析了其侵染率。     

毛竹基腐病发病规律初探

前言毛竹基腐病是当年生嫩竹上的一种新病害.近年来,在浙江、江苏、安徽的某些地区成片发生,在南方其他毛竹分布区也不同程度地有所发现,为害较严重。嫩竹感病后,病斑较为迅速地蔓延扩展,重者可使整个嫩竹基部腐烂随即枯死;轻者嫩竹带病成竹,竹杆基部留下一至数条块状或成带状腐烂斑,遇风易折倒,明显削弱了毛竹的生长势和抗逆性,降低了竹林的利用价值。经有关研究初步表明毛竹基腐病的病原主要是半知菌纲丛梗孢目短梗霉属的茁芽短梗霉(Anreobasidium pullulaus),并对其病原形态、生理特性等进行了观察和     

绿色木霉代谢产物抗菌活性研究

对绿色木霉产生的代谢产物进行了抑菌活性的初步研究,生测结果表明：离体条件下发酵液对尖孢镰刀菌、棒盘孢、茄链格孢、出芽短梗霉、灰葡萄孢均有较强的抑制作用,其对以上不同病原菌的抑制率分别为76．6％、86．5％、94．8％、91．4％、86．3％,抑菌活性成分在80℃以下较为稳定,pH值在6-7之间抑菌效果最好。     

广东省农林用地的AM菌多样性及其利用

根据有关调查资料及文献，收集并整理出我省农林业用地已知的AM菌资源共44种,隶属3科6个属。其中，球囊霉属真菌22种，占已知AM真菌资源种数的50．00％；无梗囊霉属真菌11种，占已知AM菌种数的25．00％；硬囊霉属真菌5种，占已知AM菌种数的11．36％；盾巨囊霉属真菌3种，占已知AM菌种数的6．82％；此外，还有巨囊霉属2种及内养囊霉属真菌1种。对分子于我省的主要AM菌种资源作了简介，对AM菌在农、林生产中的应用潜力及其意义作了初步分析，对我省应用AM菌的工作提出了有关建议。     

由聚生小穴壳菌引起的NL895杨水泡型溃疡病

通过在PDA培养基上对NL895杨苗木水泡型溃疡病,病原菌进行了分离培养鉴定和致病性试验。结果证明,根据菌落培养特性、病原菌形态、病害症状和致病性试验,确定聚生小穴壳菌是NL895杨水泡型溃疡病病原,1年生苗木上的发病率高达50%～70%。NL895杨是聚生小穴壳菌的新寄主。     

华南地区桉树林中VA菌根菌资源及其组成

对广东、广西及福建３省（区）７种不同桉树人工林土壤中ＶＡ真菌的种类资源及组成调查的结果表明，在桉树根际已知的２６种ＶＡ真菌中，包括球囊霉属，无梗囊霉属、硬囊霉属和质巨囊霉属等４个属。其中，球囊霉属１７种（包括未定种），占已知ＶＡ菌总数的６５．４％；硬囊霉属４种，占１５．４％；无梗囊霉属３种，占１１．５％；盾巨囊霉属１种，占３．８％。所有样品中全部包含ＶＡ菌根真菌；其中福摩萨球囊霉、地球囊霉、多果地     

印度西高止山药用植物丛枝菌根真菌多样性

调查了印度西高止山脉南北Goal区内25个科的36种药用植物的丛枝菌根真菌多样性。30个物种带有丛枝菌根真菌,其余6个物种没有丛枝菌根真菌定植。在根际士壤中,共发现了来自5个菌属（球囊霉属、无梗囊霉、盾巨孢囊霉、巨孢囊霉属和Ambispora）的42种丛枝菌根真菌。本研究区内,球囊霉属是优势属,聚线绣球菌是优势种。定植百分比和孢子密度间存在显著负相关。南、北Goa区内,Simpson和ShannonWeiner多样性指数差异不显著,说明该区具有稳定、多样的植物群落。     

Mycorrhizal status of an ozone-sensitive poplar clone treated with the antiozonant ethylene diurea

The antiozonant ethylene diurea is proven to prevent growth reductions in forest trees induced by ozone. The community of mycorrhizal fungi could be useful indicator of environmental stress. In this study, response of mycorrhizal fungi and fine roots to a 4-year exposure to ambient ozone and treatment with antiozonant was investigated in ozone-sensitive poplar clone under field conditions. The community of ectomycorrhizal fungi and root length colonization with ectomycorrhizal, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and root endophytic fungi was analyzed in antiozonant-treated poplar plants and in poplar plants irrigated with water. In general, plants protected by antiozonant showed higher total number of fine roots, number of ectomycorrhizal types, Shannon–Weaver diversity index, and Species richness index compared to the plants treated with water. The ectomycorrhizal community shifted from contact exploration type in the trees irrigated with water to short-distance exploration type in ethylene diurea-treated trees. Ozone protectant may beneficially affect the belowground community of mycorrhizal fungi colonizing roots of ozone-sensitive poplar clone.     

Phillyrin produced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, an endophytic fungus isolated from Forsythia suspensa

To investigate the phillyrin-producing endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Forsythia suspensa, a total of 24 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the healthy stems, leaves and fruits of the plant, 9 from stems, 5 from leaves, and 10 from fruits respectively. All fungal isolates were fermented in liquid PDA medium and their extracts were preliminary analyzed by TLC. One isolated strain G10, which was from the fruit of F. suspensa, had the same R_f value as authentic phillyrin. The potential phillyrin-producing fungus G10 was further analyzed by HPLC and HPLC-MS, and the results showed that the isolate G10 possessed of a retention time and ion peaks identical with the authentic compound phillyrin. The isolate G10 was identified as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides based on the morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The current research indicates that the numerous endophytic fungi inside the medicinal plants are precious resource for the pharmaceutical natural products that are originally from the plants.     

新沂市农田林网杨树生物量的空间结构

本文采用分层切割法和壕沟全挖法对江苏省新沂市农田林网中，４年生主要的杨树无性系（Ｗ－４６杨，Ｉ－６９杨，ＮＬ－８０１０５杨和ＮＬ－８０２０５杨）的地上部分生物量以及根系生物量进行了测定和分析。结果表明，ＮＬ－８０２０５杨不仅平均单株的生物量最大，而且树干的形质优良。因此，在平原农田林网的经营中，选择ＮＬ－８０２０５杨，既可以提高营林的收益，又能够增强林网的防护效果。     

红树林真菌的生物多样性和生物工程应用潜力(英文)

本文对现今红树林真菌研究的热点领域进行了综述,包括红树林真菌的生物多样性,生态作用,新颖的代谢产物和生物工程应用前景四个方面。首先,红树林真菌按照其生态作用被分为腐生,寄生和内生真菌。其中腐生真菌对于红树林生态系统的降解和能量循环方面起着重要的作用,另外,它们也会产生一些毒素:寄生真菌对于红树林的存活,长势和健康程度起着重要的作用;而内生真菌分布于大部分红树之中,所产的活性物质是红树林真菌中最丰富的。其次,虽然已有大量文献报道了红树林真菌可以产生很多新酶和具有’抑菌,杀虫及其它活性的物质,并且很多由内生真菌产生的活性物质被认为对红树起着重要作用,但只有少量研究对此提供了有力的证据,因此,本文对现今应用分子技术来将红树林真菌的生态作用与其代谢产物联系起来的进展进行了讨论。最后,本文还讨论了利用代谢工程和后基因组技术来生产大量新酶和活性物质并将其商业化应用的前景。     

Purification of four strains of endophytic fungi from Astragalus and their optimized liquid fermentations

This study was designed to isolate endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus(growing in northeast China) to determine whether they can produce bioactive metabolites. Four strains of endophytic fungi(strains 16, 17, 23 and 75) were successfully isolated from A. mongholicus using the surface disinfection method. According to ITS-rDNA sequences analysis, strains 16 and 75 were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, and strains 17 and 23 were identified as Bionectria ochroleuca. We applied the Box-Behnken design(BBD) to optimize the liquid fermentation conditions and obtain the maximum cell dry weight(CDW) yield. Optimal parameters were obtained under the following experimental conditions: temperature of 28°C, potato dextrose agar(PDA) liquid medium of 80 mL and rotation speed of 150 rpm. The four isolated endophytic fungi did not produce astragalosides I–IV, flavonoids or polysaccharides. Isolation of additional species of endophytic fungi from A. mongholicus and determination of their capacity to produce biologically active substances are subjects in need of further research.     

13种杨树木材物理力学性质的研究

采集1－69杨等10种黑杨的9年生试材，易县毛白杨等3种白杨的13年生试材，测试木材物理力学性能，分析心边材，不同树高位置，株间的变化规律，比较品种间木材性质的差异，试验结果表明，13种杨树全树木材心材率在14．6－34．1％，之间，生材含水率在86．2－148．5％之间，由生材干燥至含水率为12％所产生的干缩率在8．66％－11．96％这间，气干密度属低类或很低类，强度属弱类，硬度属软类或甚软类，冲击韧性中等；黑杨心材颜色深，心边材性质差异大，白杨心材颜色淡，心边材性质差异小，品种间木材物理力学性质差异较大，按其主要特点可将13个品种的木材分为4类。     

Fungal decomposition of sapwood and heartwood of European aspen,Populus tremula L.

In contrast to the woodrotting fungi which can only attack Populus tremula after felling, Phellinus tremulae successfully invades the central part of the living tree. Possible causes for this difference were investigated. It was found that sterile wood samples were decomposed more rapidly by saprophytic fungi than by parasitic fungi. With both types of fungi, heartwood was more resistant to decay than sapwood. It is postulated that living sapwood inhibits infection by most woodrotting fungi, but that P. tremulae can successfully overcome this barrier. This postulate cannot be confirmed by experiments using sterilized wood samples.     

Some factors influencing susceptibility to discoloring fungi and water uptake of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis)

Abstract

The heartwood and sapwood from Scots pine (PS), Norway spruce (PA), and Oriental spruce (PO) were tested for susceptibility to discoloring fungi and water uptake. In addition, annual ring width and density were measured. The methods used were Mycologg for testing growth of fungi and a modified version of EN 927-5 to investigate water uptake. For pine, the heartwood showed a lower water uptake and no discoloring fungi growing in the tests. The heartwood had a significantly higher density and smaller annual ring width than the sapwood. In PA the heartwood had significantly lower discoloration than sapwood. The total water uptake in g/m² was significantly higher in sapwood, but not the calculated moisture content. As for wood properties, the density was significantly higher in sapwood compared to heartwood, although there were no differences in annual ring width. Regarding PO, differences in water uptake could be seen between sapwood and heartwood although the densities were similar. These results show that susceptibility to discoloring fungi and water uptake is hard to correlate to a single inherent property when looking at different wood species.     

Mycorrhizal formation of nine ectomycorrhizal fungi on poplar cuttings

In order to discover which ectomycorrhizal-(ECM) fungi have better growth-promoting effects on poplars, cuttings from four poplar species were inoculated with nine species of ECM fungi by three methods. We investigated the status of mycorrhizal formation and the effects of these fungi on the growth of the poplars. The results show that Xrocomus chrysentero (Xc), Boletus edulis (Be), Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Laccaria amethystea (La) formed clear ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with the poplar seedlings. Among these four ECM fungi, Xc had the greatest ability to develop mycorrhizae with all four poplar species. Be shows a greater ability to form mycorrhizae with Populus deltoides Bartr cv. ‘Lux’ (Poplar I-69). Pt and La had relatively weaker abilities of colonization. The other five ECM fungal species, i.e., Scleroderma luteus (Sl), Leccinum scabrum (Ls), Boletus speciosus (Bs), Calvatia craniiformis (Cc) and Rhizopogen luteous (Rl) could not easily form mycorrhizae with poplar seedlings grown in sterilized substrates, but could do so in non-sterilized soil. With the method of drilling and injecting liquid inoculum, a simple operation, the mycorrhizal infection rates were higher than with the other two methods, applying solid inoculum as fertilizer at the bottom of the pots and dipping roots in the inoculum slurry. P. simonii Carr. formed mycorrhizae with most of the nine ECM fungi. P. x euramericana (Dode) Guinier cv. ’san Martino’ (Poplar I-72) and P. deltoids Harvard x P. deltoids Lux (Poplar NL-351) had the highest compatibility with Pt. Poplar I-69 shows the highest compatibility with Xc. The study indicates that the optimal ECM fungi for poplars I-69, I-72 and NL-351 were Be, Xc and Pt, respectively. The optimal fungi for P. simonii Carr. were Xc and Be. These ECM fungi promoted the growth of the poplar seedlings significantly. __________ Translated from Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2007, 31(6): 29–33 [译自: 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版)]     

纵坑切梢小蠹蓝污真菌侵害云南松树组织解剖观察

通过对云南松树进行纵坑切梢小蠹（Tomicus piniperda）蓝污真菌（Leptogramphium yunnanense）接种试验，对云南松受害组织进行了形态解剖观察，验证了蓝污真菌对云南松的致病作用。蓝污真菌发现于受害木质部和韧皮组织中的各类细胞中，在木质部，蓝污区域呈现出以心材为中心的扇形分布。在韧皮组织内，蓝污真菌主要沿着细胞轴向在垂直方向上生长，并可通过孔纹进入到水平方向上的相邻细胞内。本项研究揭示了该蓝污真菌在云南松树干韧皮和木质部组织，细胞内的生长和蔓延规律，进一步表明纵坑切梢小蠹蓝污真菌L.yunnanense是云南松的一种病原真菌。