低芥酸杂交油菜渝杂18的选育

低芥酸杂交油菜渝杂18由西南农业大学采用化学杀雄方法育成，品比试验产量1950－2715kg/hm^2；重庆市区域试验平均产量1946kg/hm^2，比对照品种中油821增产2．21％，生产试验平均产量2139kg/hm^2；比对照中油821增产22．3％。渝杂18商品种子含油量39．97％，芥酸含量0．62％。1998年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

双低甘蓝型油菜新品种苏油1号的选育

双低甘蓝型油菜新品种苏油1号种子含油率41．37％,芥酸含量0．30％,硫甙含量27．4μmol／g,,苏州市油菜区域试验平均产量2814．15kg／hm^2,比对照荣选和汇油50分别增产10．87％与13．63％。江苏省油菜区域试验平均产量2418．15kg／hm^2,比对照荣选和秦油2号分别增产19．40％与10．62％。江苏省油菜生产试验平均产量2383．20kg／hm^2,比对照荣选增产7．24％。全国油菜区域试验平均产量2008．95kg／hm^2,比对照中油821增产7．84％。苏油1号适于我国长江下游冬油菜区种植。     

甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育双低杂交种皖油14的选育

皖油14（原C022）是利用隐性上位互作核不育育成的甘蓝型油菜杂交种，具有丰产，稳产，优质（高含油、低芥酸、低硫甙），抗（耐）病等特性，安徽省区试平均产量2661kg/hm^2，比对照秦油2号增产7．2％，比对照中汪821增产22．9％，全国（长江下游区）区试平均产量2149kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产12．6％，抗（耐）病性优于秦油2号和中油821，芥酸含量为0．36％，硫甙含量为31．2umol/g，含油量达44．3％。     

高产双低杂交油菜新品种中油杂2号的选育

中油杂2号是中国农业科学院油料作物研究所利用陕2A不育系等材料，经测交，诱变和杂交转育选育的甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种，具有丰产性突出，稳产性好，品质优良，抗（耐）病性强，适应性广等特征。湖北省区试平均2926.43kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产19．73％，全国（长江中游）区试平均产量2318.18kg/hm^2，比对照中油821增产13．94％。种子芥酸含量0．90％，商品籽硫甙量20.70μmol/fg。2000年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定，2001年通过全国农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种万油杂1号的选育

万油杂1号是重庆市三峡农科所选育的甘蓝型三系杂交油菜新品种,具有生长势强、高产、抗(耐)菌核病和病毒病、熟期适中等特性。在重庆市区域试验和生产试验中,万油杂1号平均产量分别为2065．13kg／hm^2和1907．25kg／hm^2,比对照种中油821分别增产17．83％和25．02％。2002年通过重庆市农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

花生新品种中花12通过湖北省审定

中花12系中国农业科学院油料作物研究所用“唐92918”作母本，“ICGV86699”作父本杂交，经系谱法选择育成的花生品种。2006年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定，审定编号为鄂审油2006001。2003～2004年参加湖北省花生品种区域试验，两年区试平均荚果产量4180kg／hm^2，比对照中花4号增产2．20％。其中：2003年荚果产量3820kg／hm^2，比中花4号增产5．71％，极显著；2004年荚果产量4340kg／hm^2，比中花4号减产0．58％，不显著。该品种适于湖北省花生非青枯病区种植。     

抗病优质高产水稻新品种绥粳8号选育及栽培技术

绥粳8号是黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所利用系谱法经过多年选择培育而成的水稻新品种,2007年2月经黑龙江省农作物品种审定委员审定通过。具有抗病、优质、高产等特点,预备试验平均产量8214．7kg／hm^2,比对照垦稻10号平均增产11．5％,区域试验平均产量8016．1kg／hm^2,平均比对照增产12．4％,生产试验平均产量8160．2kg／hm^2,平均比对照龙稻3号增产12．0％。     

甘蓝型双低春油菜三系杂交种互丰010的选育

互丰010是利用波里马细胞质雄性不育材料育成的甘蓝型春油菜三系杂交种，具有优质，高产，中早熟、抗逆性强，适应性广等特点，青海省油菜区试平均产量3766．50kg/hm^2，比对照品种青油331增产11．50％，生产试验最高产量在4026．00kg/hm^2，比对照青油331增产14．80％，比对照垦油1号增产16．10％，芥酸含量1．07％，硫甙含量25．93μmol/g，含油量45．55％，1999年通过青海省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

双低三系杂交油菜蜀杂9号选育研究

蜀杂9号为四川大学生命科学学院育成的甘蓝型油菜细胞雄性不育三系中熟杂交种,参加四川省区试产量为1917．0－2256．0kg/hm^2,比对照种中油821增产33．82％,生产示范最高产量2541．0kg/hm^2。品质优良,芥酸含量0．02％,硫甙（含吲哚硫代葡萄糖甙）含量23．03μmol/g,含油量（干基）41．47％,2001年通过四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

抗菌核病双低油菜新品种中双9号的选育

中双9号是采用复合杂交和小孢子培养技术相结合选育的双低甘蓝型油菜新品种,具有高抗菌核病,高抗倒伏,丰产性突出,稳产性好,品质优良,适应性广等优点。2000-2002年湖北省区域试验中,菌核病抗性强,菌核病平均发病率为13.31%,比对照中油821降低了28%;病情指数为6.47,比对照中油821降低了36%,平均产量2482.2kg/hm^2,比对照中油821增产15.33%。种子芥酸含量0.23%,商品籽硫甙含量22.69μmol/g,含油量42.0%。2002年通过湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定,是一个极具推广应用前景的优良品种,是油菜抗菌核病和抗倒性育种的优良资源。     

巨大芽胞杆菌(A6)在红黄壤中对油菜的促生作用

在有效磷缺乏的鄂东南红黄壤稻田土壤条件下，接种巨大芽胞杆菌A6，研究其对油菜生长发育和盆栽产量的影响。试验结果表明，A6能促进油菜生长，表现不同程度地增加植株的叶面积、干重、全磷含量和盆栽产量。这一结果揭示了利用油菜促生根际细菌A6的可能性。     

AMMI模型在芝麻区域试验中的应用

运用AMMI模型对2000年河南省芝麻区域试验数据进行分析。结果表明，AMMI模型能具体、直观、灵敏地综合评价芝麻区域试验中参试品种的稳定性。同时还分析了Di(1)与Di(2)的一致性问题，并对基因与环境的互作进行了探讨。     

甘蓝型双低三系杂交油菜高产制种技术研究Ⅴ. 宁杂1号三系亲本氮、磷、钾营养吸收积累差异

测定宁杂1号三系亲本植株及各器官不同生育期氮、磷、钾含量，结果表明，随着生育期的推移植株氮含量表现由高到低的趋势，磷含量呈现高—低—高—低—高的w型变化趋势，钾含量呈现高—低—高—低变化趋势。植株及营养器官的氮、磷、钾素积累量均呈先上升后下降的趋势，而生殖器官的氮、磷、钾素积累量则表现为逐渐递增趋势。亲本间氮、磷、钾含量和积累量变化趋势基本一致。同一生育期中，各器官的氮、钾含量和积累量均大于同一器官的磷含量和积累量；单株及各器官的钾积累量多大于同期氮积累量。植株磷素积累在抽薹阶段和结角阶段分别达到高峰。各器官氮、磷、钾积累量多以保持系最高，恢复系最小。针对三系亲本营养吸收积累特性，提出了宁杂1号高产制种的施肥技术。     

Comparative Assessment of the Efficacy of Various Nitrogen Fertilizers

Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.     

Studies on natural repellents against potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella Zeller) in country stores

Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong (1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage, sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over 45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield of a subsequent crop.     

Mineral composition of some traditional Mexican teas

Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.     

Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets

Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of different accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. from Uruguay

Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds.