鸡肉中四环素族抗生素残留量的检测

四环素族抗生素主要在人体心、肝、肾、肌肉、骨骼中积蓄,长期食用含有抗生素的食品会导致人体患四环素牙,肌肉酸痛,肝、肾损害及影响人体骨骼的生长等。现对我市市场鸡肉进行四环素族(土霉素、四环素、金霉素)抗生素残留的测定情况报告如下:1材料来源检样取自南阳市市场销售的鲜鸡肉,随机抽取50份粉碎,取粉碎混合样品测定。2测定方法GBH509.116～2003GD/714931.1-942.1试剂2.1.1乙腈分析纯2.1.20.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠溶液。称取1.65g(±0.001g)磷酸二氢钠(NaH2PO4·2H2O)溶于蒸馏水中定容到100ml经微孔滤膜(0.45μm)过滤备用。2.1.3土霉…     

动物性食品中抗生素的残留与检测

在畜牧业生产中，为预防和治疗畜禽疾病，促进食用动物的生长和繁殖，提高饲料利用率，经常使用抗生素或在饲料中加入一定量的抗生素作为饲料添加剂。因此，往往在畜禽体内及其产品中残留，并随动物性食品进入人体，对健康产生种种有害影响。抗生素在兽医临床上应用十分广泛，用量越来越大，同添加于饲料内的抗生素一起，造成其在动物性食品中越来越多的残留，势必对人体健康带来不良影响。有些国家动物性食品中抗生素的残留情况相当严重。美国曾有12％肉牛、58％犊牛、23％猪和20％禽肉中检出抗生素。日本有60％牛和92％猪肉中检出抗生素。…     

HACCP体系与肉品安全

我国加入WTO后，食品企业在关税降低中尝到甜头，但却在不堪其扰的非关税壁垒上不断栽跟斗。牛奶、蜂蜜的抗生素残留问题，肉类的激素、兽药残留问题，蔬菜、茶叶的农药残留问题等等，使不少出口企业蒙受损失。对于许多发达     

鲜牛乳中抗生素残留水平与致病菌调查

养殖业中广泛使用兽药及饲料添加剂 ,如抗生素、磺胺类、抗寄生虫药、激素、生长促进剂、镇静剂等 ,导致水产品、畜禽肉类、蛋类及乳类中药物残留。在动物性食品中 ,这些化学药剂残留会对人体健康造成危害。牛乳作为一种广泛食用并且是无数加工食品原 (辅 )料的重要动物原性食品 ,也存在上述潜在危害。笔者等对不同区域和规模的奶牛养殖场(点 )生产的鲜 (生 )牛乳中磺胺类、四环素类和氯霉素类 8种抗生素残留和 4种易污染牛乳并对人类危害严重的致病菌进行了检测。1　材料与方法1 .1　样品来源严格按样品采集规范要求分批采集某地不同区域不…     

家禽 产品药物残留问题及检测技术的展望

一滥用抗生素与细菌抗药性食品中药物残留已渐受国内乃至全世界的重视，成为肉类、蛋类及乳品内之抗生素残留影响人类健康最为严重的问题。青霉素（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｉｎ）发明之初，几乎全部细菌性疾病都可被完全控制，本来人类与细菌是有共存及互利共生的关系，但是多年...     

滥用之风何时休？——动物性食品中抗生素残留及其控制对策

导读：近年来,我国一些饲料厂家和养殖场片面地追求经济利益,长期大剂量使用抗生素或非法使用氯霉素、阿奇霉素等违禁抗生素,滥用抗生素之风愈演愈烈,导致动物性食品（如肉、蛋、奶）中的抗生素残留超标问题日益严重,不仅产品出口频频受阻,而且国内消费市场也开始出现萎缩。抗生素残留可通过食物链进入人体,对人类健康构成严重威胁,随着人们对动物性食品由需求型向质量型的转变,动物性食品中的抗生素残留已逐渐成为全世界关注的焦点。因此,如何控制和解决动物性食品抗生素残留是当前亟待解决的问题,直接影响到我国畜牧业能否持续健康发展。本文对我国动物性食品中抗生素残留的来源与途径、原因和危害作了综述,并就如何控制抗生素在动物性食品中的残留提出几点对策。     

防治动物细菌病的新方法

近些年来,畜产品中的抗生素残留问题越来越受到重视.抗生素残留于畜产品中危害人类健康,滥用抗生素导致耐药菌株的出现等危害日益受到关注. 由于一些西方发达国家对动物产品中的抗生素要求越来越严,而且在动物源性食品中抗生素残留量的检出,已成为世界肉类贸易中重要的技术指标和技术壁垒之一,目前已成为制约我国动物产品出口的瓶颈.     

兽药残留及监控对策

随着人们生活的提高，肉类食品已成为现代人餐桌上的重要组成部分，人们不仅要求肉品营养丰富，而且要求肉品质优安全，无公害、无残留、无污染。而肉品污染是影响肉质的重要因素，它不仅直接关系到人体健康，同时也关系到我国肉类食品的国际声誉和国际竞争力。因此，我们必须采取切实可行的措施，加强对动物性食品中兽药残留的监测控制，最大限度地保障畜禽产品的安全，促进和保证养殖业健康可持续发展。     

牛奶中抗生素残留的危害及控制措施

抗生素作为药物及饲料添加荆的大量使用带来了耐药性和药物残留等问题,合理使用抗生素,确保动物及动物源食品的安全至关重要.乳品中残留抗生素不仅危害人体的健康,而且也会对生产经营造成影响.笔者针对牛奶中抗生素的残留对人类健康产生的不良影响进行了探讨.     

美国两种畜禽抗菌素将被禁用

美国食品及药物管理局 (FDA)宣布计划禁止美国饲养家禽的农民使用两种抗生素，即 Baytril和 Sara Flox。由于这一药物的使用，细菌已增加了其抗药性，而这种细菌是引起人食用肉类后产生疾病的罪魁祸首。据 FDA说，当人在消费带有抗菌素细菌的肉类或是接触到受到污染的肉类时，这类细菌就会进入到人体中。不久，美国食品及药物管理局将发布禁止使用这两种药物的正式通知。 　　目前，人们越来越关注对家禽大量使用抗生素可能会影响到病人使用抗生素的治疗效果。据 FDA称，由于最近已发现这两种药物的安全性不可靠，因而他们计划撤回对它…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.