澳洲坚果壳吸附3种阳离子染料的研究

以坚果壳为原料, 经粉碎制成不同粒径的粉末吸附剂。探究了坚果壳吸附亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B、碱性品红的性能。研究发现坚果壳吸附亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B、碱性品红最佳粒径为0.3 mm、最佳投加量分别为1.6、2.4、1.2 g,pH均为5、温度为30 ℃、震荡时间为30、60、60 min。利用准一级、准二级动力学方程模拟坚果壳吸附亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B和碱性品红的动力学过程,结果表明坚果壳吸附亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B和碱性品红的过程适合于准二级动力,学模型。文中计算了焓变（ΔH ⁰）、自由能（ΔG ⁰）、熵变（ΔS ⁰）等热力学参数,坚果壳吸附3种阳离子染料过程中ΔG ⁰均小于0,ΔS ⁰、ΔH ⁰均大于0,说明坚果壳吸附3种阳离子染料的过程是一个自发的趋于无序的吸热过程。     

粤西蔗区土壤中尿素对吡虫啉吸附特性的影响

通过批量平衡法,研究4个浓度(0、0.8、4、8 g/kg)尿素处理与吡虫啉混施对吡虫啉在粤西蔗区土壤(红壤)中吸附特性的影响,为今后尿素与吡虫啉混施在粤西蔗区的使用提供一定的理论依据.结果表明:(1)吡虫啉在土壤中的吸附于24 h达到平衡,吸附动力学过程符合准二级动力学方程和Elovich方程,吸附过程是先快后慢最终...     

改性绿茶去除水中碱性品红的研究

以改性绿茶为吸附材料,探索了改性剂、改性剂浓度、染料的初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对改性绿茶吸附碱性品红,的影响,确定了改性绿茶最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明,绿茶经改性剂改性选出最佳改性剂为环氧氯丙烷,最佳改性剂浓度为0.015 mol·L~(-1),碱性品红初始质量浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)时吸附量最大,最佳吸附温度为30℃,吸附时间240 min为最好,最大吸附量为53.6 mg·g~(-1)。在描述改性绿茶对碱性品红吸附的动力学行为上,准一级动力学曲线更好;在等温吸附方面,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附行为非常符合Langmuir模型,改性绿茶对碱性品红的吸附为单分子层吸附。     

甲醛改性茶叶渣对废水中Cr6+的吸附研究

采用甲醛改性茶叶渣制成吸附剂,研究其对废水中Cr~(6+)的吸附性能。考察了Cr~(6+)初始浓度、溶液p H值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间和吸附温度等5个因素对吸附率的影响,并分析了改性茶叶渣吸附Cr~(6+)的吸附动力学特征。结果表明:Cr~(6+)初始浓度为60 mg/L、溶液pH为2、吸附剂用量为0.6 g、吸附时间为60 min、吸附温度为25℃时,改性茶叶渣对Cr~(6+)的吸附率可达94.0%。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数达到0.9956,以化学吸附为主。     

砂质土和粘质土壤磷酸盐吸附动力学(摘要)

应用不同P浓度溶液进行土壤平衡以测定灰色稻田土(Fujimi砂质土)和黄壤(Takashigahara粘性土)P素吸附功力学变化状态。土/溶液比率接近7:2,较符合田间状况。通过实验资料的回归分析建立P素吸附动力学方程。经验方程as/at=KC~m S~n不能充分描述P素吸附动力学过程,该方程中S代表每单位土壤量中P吸附量,C代表土壤溶液中P的浓度,t为时间,k、m、n均为常数。Kuo的方程式S=a′C_0t~(b′)不适应于在田间湿润,尤其是P的初始浓度较低情况下P素吸附动力学的预测,该式中C_0为P的初始浓度,a′:b′均为常数。最适合本试验资料应用的是比率方程式S=at~bc~d,公式中a、b、d均为常数,该方程式相关系数大于0.99。     

球状壳聚糖树脂对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学研究

采用反相悬浮交联法制备了球状壳聚糖树脂(RCM),通过静态吸附实验,研究了RCM对茶多酚的吸附热力学和动力学特性。结果表明:吸附等温线符合Laugmiur等温曲线,且平衡常数Kb随着温度升高而升高。吸附是非自发的、吸热的、熵增加的过程。吸附过程符合二级动力学吸附模型,吸附过程主要受粒子内扩散模型控制。     

两种典型麻类生物炭对水体中镉离子的吸附性能研究

研究以苎麻和红麻茎、叶、皮3个部位为原材料制备生物炭,通过静态批次吸附试验,探究投加量、初始溶液pH、初始溶液Cd²⁺浓度、反应时间、再生处理对6种生物炭吸附水中Cd²⁺性能的影响,同时拟合动力学方程及等温吸附模型,并采用扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱对6种生物炭进行表征分析,研究其吸附机理。结果表明,6种材料中,苎麻叶生物炭对水中Cd²⁺的吸附效果最好,最大吸附量达到了133.05 mg/g。6种生物炭对水中Cd²⁺的去除率受投加量影响较大,苎麻茎生物炭受溶液初始pH影响较大。6种生物炭对Cd²⁺脱附再生再吸附一次都能保持较好吸附效果,其中苎麻叶生物炭效果最佳。6种吸附材料都能较好地拟合Langmuir理论模型和准二级动力学方程。生物炭对Cd的吸附机理主要为羟基化表面(-OH)或其去质子化(-O^-)络合反应及静电作用。6种生物炭材料均是较好的吸附材料,其中苎麻叶材料的吸附潜力最为突出。     

工业大麻短纤维的改性制备及对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以脱胶后的工业大麻短纤维为基体材料,通过碱化反应、氧化反应、醛胺缩合反应制备一种新型的HF-NH2纤维,并研究该纤维对水中Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附和脱附再生性能。结果表明:胺基成功地接枝在HF上,HF-NH2纤维吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的最佳初始p H为4～6,其最大吸附容量为96.15 mg/g; HF-NH2纤维对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附是一个较快速的过程,且其吸附动力学过程可用拉格朗日准一级速率方程进行描述; 1.0 mol/L的盐酸溶液可对吸附饱和的HF-NH2纤维进行再生,且纤维经15次重复使用后,依然保持着良好的吸附性能。     

花生壳残渣制备活性炭及吸附性能测定

用提取黄酮后废弃的花生壳做原料,选择不同的活化剂在一定温度下制备活性炭,并且测定其吸附性能。结果表明：磷酸作为活化剂时活性炭产率最高,达39.5%;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂为氢氧化钾或磷酸、活化剂浓度为10%时,碘吸附值最高,为966.7mg/g;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂浓度为10%时,几种活化剂制备出来的活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力均达到40mL/g左右;与几种市售活性炭比较,花生壳活性炭碘吸附值能够满足市场需要,但是亚甲基蓝脱色力偏低;相同条件下,盐作为活化剂所制备出的活性炭对镍离子的吸附能力比较稳定。     

茶叶纤维对Cu2+的吸附性能研究

对茶叶纤维吸附Cu²⁺的性能进行了研究。结果表明,茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺有明显的吸附作用。pH值为4.55左右,温度在30℃左右时,对Cu²⁺的吸附较为有利;当Cu²⁺的质量浓度为200 mg/L时,随着茶叶纤维添加量增加,吸附量先升后降,茶叶纤维添加量为90 mg左右时吸附量最大。茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺的吸附过程符合拟二级动力学方程。Langmuir等温吸附方程比Freundlich方程能更好地描述茶叶纤维对Cu²⁺的平衡吸附行为,最大吸附量达到16.78 mg/g。     

印楝素 A 降解动力学研究

研究 pH、水分、紫外光、温度对印楝素 A 稳定性的影响,建立在不同条件下印楝素 A 的一级降解动力学模型。计算印楝素 A 降解反应的反应速率常数、温度效应系数(Q)、活化能(Ea)、活化焓(ΔH)和活化熵(ΔS)。结果表明,印楝素 A 的活化能为 98.49 kJ/mol,活化焓为 95.84 kJ/mol,活化熵为 10.68 kJ/mol · K。印楝素 A 在环境中的降解反应是自发反应,在环境中易自然降解。     

Removal of methylene blue by amidoxime polyacrylonitrile-grafted cotton fabrics: Kinetic,equilibrium, and simulation studies

In this study, an amidoxime-grafted cotton fabric ion exchanger was developed for methylene blue (MB) removal from wastewater. The ability of the amidoxime-grafted cotton fabrics to remove MB ions from an aqueous solution was investigated in equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies. Equilibrium data agreed well with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The result indicated that, based on the Langmuir coefficient, the maximum capacity (monolayer saturation at equilibrium) of the amidoxime-grafted cotton fabric was 22.27 mg/g. The kinetic data were found to follow the pseudo-second-order model, and intra-particle diffusion is the sole rate-controlling factor. Negative values of ΔG ⁰, ΔH ⁰, and ΔS ⁰ revealed the spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-driven nature of the process.     

Coating of PET Textiles with Anionic Cyclodextrin Polymer for Paraquat Removal from Aqueous Solution

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile was coated with anionic cyclodextrin polymer issued by crosslinking between β-CD (β-Cyclodextrin) and BTCA (1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid) for paraquat (PQ) removal from aqueous solution. The polymer covering operated by the thermofixation method (170 ºC and 30 minutes) comprised 23.52 % of weight gain, which was related to 0.76 mmol/g of ionic exchange capacity. The functionalized textile was also characterized by FTIR, SEM and TGA. Adsorption experiment was performed employing different parameters such as the pH of the solution, adsorption time, the initial concentration of paraquat and the adsorption temperature. The suitable pH was equal to 8 and the equilibrium time was 420 minutes. At 30 ºC, the adsorption capacity of PQ was increased (5.0, 20.4, and 25.9 mg/g) when the initial concentration of paraquat was enhanced (10, 50, and 250 mg/l). Adsorption kinetics was appropriated to the pseudo-second-order model and adsorption isotherm was fitted to the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters were studied at different temperatures (30, 40, and 50 ºC), in which the negative ΔH displayed an exothermic adsorption process, the negative ΔG showed a spontaneous adsorption process and the positive ΔS revealed an enhanced disorder. Eventually, the recyclability of the modified textile in methanol reached 85 % after four reusability cycles.     

Electrospun polyindole nanofibers as a nano-adsorbent for heavy metal ions adsorption for wastewater treatment

Polyindole nanofibers were prepared via electrospinning method using acetonitrile as solvent. The obtained electrospun polyindole nanofibers were characterized with SEM, TEM, FTIR and BET surface areas measurements. Adsorption experiments were carried out in batch sorption mode to investigate the effect of pH, contact time and diameter of polyindole nanofibers. The Cu(II) adsorption was highly pH dependent and the optimum pH was found to be 6. The maximum adsorption capacities for electrospun polyindole nanofibers and polyindole powders were 121.95 and 18.93 mg/g attained in 15 and 60 min, respectively. With the diameter of polyindole nanofibers increasing, the adsorption capacity slightly decreased. The adsorption isotherm data fitted well to the Langmuir isothermal model which indicates that the monolayer adsorption occurred. The kinetics data analysis showed that the adsorption process could be described by pseudo-second order kinetic model, suggesting a chemisorption process as the rate limiting step. Thermodynamic parameters ΔHº, ΔSº and ΔGº for the Cu(II) adsorption by polyindole nanofibers were calculated. The results showed that the Cu(II) adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. Desorption results revealed that the adsorption capacity can remain up to 75 % after 10 times usage. The electrospun polyindole nanofibers would have promising application for removal of Cu(II) from wastewater treatment.     

Cellulose-based porous adsorbents with high capacity for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solutions

A novel cellulose-based porous adsorbent with high adsorption capacity for methylene blue (MB) was prepared by free radical polymerization methods. The obtained polymer grafting rate and dye removal efficiency are as high as 338.64 % and 97.74 %, respectively, when the dosage of monomer is 4.5 g, the polymerization condition is 3 h at 70 °C. The cellulose-based adsorbent showed high mechanical properties and good flexibility. The Langmuir isotherm model revealed that the maximum theoretical adsorption capacity of this material for methylene blue was 1734.816 mg g-1 at pH 9.0 at 313 K, which is higher than the values observed for other adsorbents. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the cellulose-based adsorbent exhibits a typical well-defined porous and interconnected three-dimensional framework structure, which is benefits to dye adsorption. The adsorption kinetics (pseudo first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models) was also studied, and the pseudo-second-order model fitted MB adsorption better than the pseudo-first-order and intraparticle diffusion models at different initial dye concentrations (500-3000 mg l ^-1). The novel polyacrylic acid-grafted quaternized cellulose (PAA-g-QC) adsorbent is thus potentially useful for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.     

Development of Maghemite Glass Fibre Nanocomposite for Adsorptive Removal of Methylene Blue

Maghemite glass fibre nanocomposite with excellent magnetic and adsorption properties was successfully developed from nontoxic and eco-friendly reagents by thermal decomposition approach. The developed nanocomposite was utilized in adsorption of methylene blue which follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The excellent value of adsorption capacity (51.31 mg g^-1) as compared to other adsorbents recommends its potential role for adsorption phenomenon in multiple applications. The developed nanocomposite can be recycled and reused easily. Surface and other functional characteristics of developed nanocomposite were determined through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer. The obtained results revealed that maghemite glass nanocomposite is a potential tool that can be utilized in waste water treatments.     

Physicochemical and functional properties of 11S globulin from chan (Hyptis suaveolens L. poit) seeds

The 11S globulin is one of the most abundant and important storage proteins of the chan seed (Hs11S). Therefore, we investigated its physicochemical and functional properties. Studying parameters related to emulsifying properties, a critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 0.6 mg/mL and a surface activity until 55.5 mN/m were determined using a DuNouy tensiometer. Zeta potential revealed isoelectric points (pI) with a clear NaCl influence (without NaCl pI = 3.5, at 0.05 M NaCl pI = 3, at 0.5 M NaCl pI = 2.5) and electrostatic potential dependent upon the pH. The Hs11S was highly soluble at pH 7.6 (≥94.5%) with salt variations (0–0.4 M). The thermostability of Hs11S by dynamic light scattering showed that it organizes in oligomeric forms: trimer, tetramer, hexamer, octamer, dodecamer and aggregates. Oscillatory rheology studies indicate the onset for the heat-induced gelation of Hs11S which occurred around 74–76 °C, developing strong gels with an elasticity of ∼10³ Pa, while a denaturation temperature of 94.1 °C and an enthalpy of 44.49 kJ/mol were found by differential scanning calorimetry. According to ΔH_expTm/ΔH_vHTm and ΔT_1/2 data, the Hs11S denaturation is not a cooperative process. Our results indicate that Hs11S might be used as potential thermostable ingredient in food systems.     

Development of Activated carbon from Windmill palm sheath fiber by KOH activation

In this study, activated carbon was prepared from windmill palm sheath fiber (WPF) powder by KOH activation for full utilization of the bioresource. First, the optimal parameters of the activation technology, such as impregnation ratio, temperature, and time, were determined. The pyrolysis process and activation mechanism of KOH were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WPF powder-based activated carbons were then prepared under the optimized condition and characterized by SEM, FTIR, XRD, and nitrogen adsorption techniques. The reaction mechanisms were deduced in two phases. The reaction mechanisms in the first carbonization process were mainly related to substitution, scission, and oxidization reactions of methylene. In the second activation process, KOH and carbon began to react at 350 °C, producing potassium compounds, which further reacted with carbon. Results show that the optimal process for preparing an excellent adsorbent from WPF employs an impregnation ratio of 4:1 at 850 °C for 2.5 h, which can result in a good adsorption property for methylene blue, high BET surface area of 1734.34 m²/g, and total pore volume of 0.96 cm³/g. WPF-based activated carbon demonstrates a remarkable adsorption capacity, and thus WPF has great potential value as a new agricultural resource.