柳蒿不同溶剂萃取物抑菌活性研究

目的考察柳蒿不同溶剂提取物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果。方法采用滤纸片固相扩散法和二倍稀释法研究了柳蒿水提取物、95%乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物对大肠杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性及最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果由抑菌直径可知,各提取液抑菌活性顺序为:乙酸乙酯提取液乙醇提取液水提取液,不同提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的MIC分别为:乙酸乙酯提取液为50 mg/m L、3.125 mg/m L;乙醇提取液为100 mg/m L、12.5 mg/m L;水提取液为100 mg/m L、25 mg/m L。结论不同提取液抑菌效果不同,其中乙酸乙酯提取液抑菌效果最好。     

仙人掌不同提取物的抑菌效果

用抑菌圈方法,研究了仙人掌(Opuntia dillenii Haw)的各种提取物对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌和真菌的抑制作用.结果表明,仙人掌的乙醇和水提取物对不同种类的病原菌具有不同的抑菌活性,以对枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、金色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用最显著,对大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌的效果相对稍差,而对黑根霉、黑曲霉等真菌的效果则很小.另外,不同处理方式、不同部位所得到的仙人掌提取物,其抑菌效果也不同,以从花的干粉中得到的水提取物的效果最好,其抑菌谱广,抑菌效果也最明显.     

3种辣椒超临界提取物的抑菌评价研究

以红辣椒、青线椒和黄灯笼辣椒的超临界二氧化碳提取物为原料,进行体外抑菌试验,比较分析以上3种辣椒油树脂对鸡的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用。试验结果表明：海南黄灯笼辣椒提取物对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑菌效果均优于青辣椒和红辣椒;对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用与红辣椒相当,但低于青辣椒。青辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.75、0.6和0.9 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.9、0.75和1.2 mg/mL;海南黄灯笼辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.6、0.45和1.2 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为0.75、0.6和1.5 mg/mL;红辣椒提取物的丙酮溶液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0.9、0.9和1.2 mg/mL,最低杀菌浓度分别为1.2、1.2和1.5 mg/mL。     

工业大麻秸秆乙醇提取物对大豆胞囊线虫生理生化代谢的影响

为明确工业大麻秸秆乙醇提取物抑制大豆胞囊线虫的作用机理,采用浸泡法研究其对大豆胞囊线虫体内的总糖、甘油和蛋白质含量以及解毒酶活性等生理生化指标的影响,结果表明:二龄幼虫虫体内总糖含量和甘油含量随乙醇提取物处理时间的延长呈上升趋势,处理24 h时分别较对照升高了96.2％和33.5％,达极显著差异;可溶性蛋白含量随处理时...     

黄麻韧皮纤维活性物质鉴定及抑菌效果分析

采用溶剂法从黄麻韧皮纤维中提取黄酮、多糖、生物碱3种成分,并对提取物的化学组分及抑菌效果进行测定分析。结果表明,3种提取物中总黄酮、总多糖、总生物碱含量分别为17.36 mg/g、3.57 mg/g、61.01μg/g。高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测出黄酮类提取物主要包括异槲皮素(167.47μg/g)、槲皮素(12.35μg/g)、木犀草素(6.41μg/g)、山奈酚(6.26μg/g)等;多糖类提取物中的单糖组分有半乳糖(0.41 mg/g)、半乳糖醛酸(0.43 mg/g)、阿拉伯糖(1.03 mg/g)等;生物碱类提取物主要组分为盐酸小檗碱(9.97μg/g)。纸片扩散法、二倍稀释观察法、扫描电镜分析显示,3种提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌均能产生不同程度的抑制效果。综上,黄麻韧皮纤维中的活性物质较为丰富,且具有良好的抑菌性能。     

薜荔抑菌效应的研究

本文采用纸片法对薜荔的水提液和乙醇提取进行抑菌药敏试验。结果表明：在枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、八叠球菌等5种试验菌中，薜荔的水提液对大肠杆菌抑菌效果明显，抑菌圈直径范围7-10．5mm；乙醇提取液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果较为显著，抑菌圈直径范园11-20mm，而薜荔乙醇水提取液对啤酒酵母、桔青莓、黑曲霉等真菌均无抑菌作用。     

云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

以芦丁与Vc为对照,测定云南普洱茶不同溶剂提取物清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、亚硝酸盐的能力及其还原力.结果表明:普洱茶不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性与其浓度成正相关,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基与超氧阴离子有较强的清除作用,对亚硝酸盐的清除作用不明显,具有一定的还原力.其中,乙醇沉析物、正丁醇提取物、乙醇提取物、乙醇溶解物对DPPH.自由基清除效果较好,相同浓度下优于芦丁;水提取物、乙醇沉析物及乙酸乙酯提取物对羟自由基清除效果较好,但效果不如Vc;乙酸乙酯提取物对超氧阴离子自由基和亚硝酸盐的清除作用较好,还原力也很强.     

茶叶不同提取物及不同茶叶对结核分枝杆菌抑制作用的研究

为探明茶叶对结核分枝杆菌H₃₇Ra菌株的抑制作用,采用牛津杯法对H₃₇Ra菌株进行抑菌试验,研究不同茶叶提取物(茶多酚、茶多糖和茶皂素)及不同种类茶叶(华农绿针、大宗炒青、广东大叶青、福鼎寿眉、铁观音、凤凰单丛、祁门红茶、下关沱茶、青砖茶)对H₃₇Ra菌株活性的抑制能力。结果显示,茶多酚对H₃₇Ra菌株表现出显著的抑菌能力,随着茶多酚浓度的增加,抑菌效果逐渐增强;在40 mg·m L^-1下,茶多酚显示出长期抑制H₃₇Ra菌株生长的能力;茶多糖和茶皂素对结核分枝杆菌没有抑制作用;不同种类茶叶表现出不同程度的抑菌能力,其中凤凰单丛的乙酸乙酯部较其他分离部有更强的抑菌能力,其60%乙醇洗脱的柱层析分离物抑菌能力最强,推测茶多酚是抑制H₃₇Ra菌株生长的主要成分。研究结果证实了茶叶对H₃₇Ra菌株具有抑制作用,且茶叶不同提取物和不同种类茶叶在抑菌能力上存在差异,为开发结核病相关的抗菌药物提供了一个新思路。     

油茶籽油乙醇提取物抗氧化性研究

通过测定油茶籽油乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基的清除能力以及还原力,对油茶籽油乙醇提取物的抗氧化性进行体外评价,并对不同产地的油茶籽油乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性进行比较。结果表明,油茶籽油乙醇提取物抗氧化活性较强,尤其是对自由基的清除能力极强;不同产地的油茶籽油乙醇提取物之间抗氧化活性差异较小。     

响应面法优化工业大麻叶抑制金黄色葡萄球菌物质超声提取工艺

为提升工业大麻叶生理活性功能,研究工业大麻叶抑菌物质的最佳超声提取工艺。采用牛津杯法结合微量二倍稀释法比较工业大麻叶乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、单核细胞李斯特菌、沙门氏菌的抑菌作用,并以抑菌效果最佳的金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,在单因素试验基础上,以抑菌圈直径为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化超声辅助浸提工业大麻叶抑菌物质的工艺参数。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为液料比14∶1(m L/g),乙醇浓度88%,超声温度29℃,超声时间20 min,在该条件下,工业大麻叶提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径达(19. 65±0. 20) mm,与理论最优值19. 68 mm接近。该工艺稳定可靠,适用于工业大麻叶中抗金黄色葡萄球菌物质的超声提取,可为工业大麻叶的高效利用及新型防腐剂的开发提供理论依据。     

槟榔乙醇提取物对猪鸡五种致病菌的抑菌作用初探

采用倍比稀释法,评价了槟榔青果的乙醇提取物对猪鸡养殖中常见致病菌的抗菌作用。结果表明：提取物对鸡大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌、鸡金黄色葡萄球菌、猪大肠埃希菌、猪金黄色葡萄球菌等5种致病菌有一定的抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为62.5、31.25、31.25、62.5、62.5 g/L,而最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为125、62.5、62.5、125、125 g/L。     

Two antimycin A analogues from marine-derived actinomycete Streptomyces lusitanus

Two new antimycin A analogues, antimycin B1 and B2 (1-2), were isolated from a spent broth of a marine-derived bacterium, Streptomyces lusitanus. The structures of 1 and 2 were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. The isolated compounds were tested for their anti-bacterial potency. Compound 1 was found to be inactive against the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphyloccocus aureus, and Loktanella hongkongensis. Compound 2 showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus and L. hongkongensis with MIC values of 32.0 and 8.0 μg/mL, respectively.     

假蒟中胡椒碱的分离鉴定及杀虫活性研究

为进一步探讨假蒟的杀虫活性成分,采用生物活性示踪法从假蒟乙醇提取物中分离纯化出1种活性成分,其化学结构经MS、1H NMR、13C NMR分析鉴定为胡椒碱。以螺旋粉虱为供试对象,采用叶片浸渍法测试胡椒碱及假蒟乙醇提取物对螺旋粉虱成虫和若虫的毒杀活性及杀卵作用,结果表明：胡椒碱及乙醇提取物对螺旋粉虱成虫和若虫均具有很好的杀虫活性,对成虫LC50值分别为28.59、224.31 mg/L,对若虫的LC50值分别为65.91、336.68 mg/L,胡椒碱对成虫的毒力优于若虫,与对照药剂印楝素无显著性差异;其杀虫活性明显高于假蒟乙醇提取物;胡椒碱及乙醇提取物有一定的杀卵作用,但作用方式有所不同,胡椒碱对初孵幼虫有较高的致死率,而假蒟乙醇提取物则明显影响螺旋粉虱卵的孵化。     

The influence of the growth season on the antimicrobial and antioxidative activity in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis

We investigated the influence of the growth season of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis (P_AMPAN.) H_ARA on antimicrobial and antioxidative activities. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from the plant collected monthly (April through October) were tested against three gram-positive, two gram-negative bacteria and one lactic acid bacterium. The ethyl acetate and water fractions of crude methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis collected in August and September had the highest antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of extract from A. princeps var. orientalis for Lactobacillus plantarum was not found at any concentration and in any growth season. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each strain by ethyl acetate fraction of methanol extract from A. princeps var. orientalis was different depending on the tested strain and growth season of the plant. MIC for each strain was the highest in the sample from April, followed by October. The antioxidative activities of methanol extracts from A. princeps var. orientalis collected monthly were measured by their scavenging activity on free radical of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity. The DPPH radical scavenging activities of the extracts from the plants collected in May, June and July were higher than any other. The XO inhibitory activities of the extracts of A. princeps var. orientalis collected in April and May showed the greatest activity, it is different with antimicrobial activity. This is the first report that antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of the extracts of A. princeps var. orientalis is different with growth season.     

Antibacterial Meroterpenoids,Merochlorins G–J from the Marine Bacterium Streptomyces sp.

Four new chlorinated meroterpenoids, merochlorins G−J (1−4), and 10, a dihydronaphthalenedione precursor, along with known merochlorins A (5) and C−F (6−9), were obtained from cultivation of the bacterium strain Streptomyces sp. CNH-189, which was isolated from marine sediment. The planar structures of compounds 1−4 and 10 were elucidated by interpretation of MS, UV, and NMR spectroscopic data. The relative configurations of compounds 1−4 were determined via analysis of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopic data, after which their absolute configurations were established by comparing the experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra of compounds 1−4 to those of previously reported possible enantiomer models and DP4 calculations. Compound 3 displayed strong antibacterial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, and Staphylococcus aureus, with MIC values of 1, 2, and 2 μg/mL, respectively, whereas compound 1 exhibited weak antibacterial effects on these three strains, with a 16−32 μg/mL MIC value range.     

Ethanolic extraction of zein from maize

Zein can be extracted from maize (Zea mays) using ethanol solutions, and recovered from the extract by diluting with water. Dilution to 40% ethanol will precipitate a mixture of zein and maize lipid with ∼15% lipid. For possible zein applications, such as film production, purer zein is required. Most of the lipid can be removed from the precipitate by selective re-extraction with hexane or ethanol, but this is expensive. A precipitate containing 90% or more of the protein in the extract, with less than 10% lipid, can be obtained by diluting the extract in stages. An initial dilution will precipitate a solid with 75% or more lipid, this precipitate can be centrifuged from the extract and the centrifugate diluted to precipitate a solid of 70% or more zein. The mass and composition of solid centrifuged from a maize extract that was diluted in several steps to characterize the composition of precipitates so formed. The lipid content of a zein product precipitated from an extract diluted from 55% ethanol to 50% is significantly lower than the content of precipitate of an extract diluted in a single step to 40% ethanol.     

3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性及机理初探

为了开发一种新的食品防腐保鲜剂,本文初步研究了3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌活性及机理。通过肉汤稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,评价了3-蒈烯的抑菌活性,考察了3-蒈烯对细菌生长曲线、细胞形态、细胞膜通透性、膜电位及呼吸链脱氢酶等的影响。结果表明：3-蒈烯对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为20 mL/L,MBC为40 mL/L。3-蒈烯可以抑制铜绿假单胞菌的生长,破坏细胞的正常形态,提高细胞膜的通透性,造成蛋白质、电解质的外泄。3-蒈烯能够降低铜绿假单胞菌菌体的膜电位,干扰细胞正常代谢活动,还能抑制细胞内呼吸链脱氢酶的活性。综上所述,3-蒈烯通过破坏铜绿假单胞菌细胞膜,抑制细菌正常生长,导致细菌细胞死亡。     

地胆头化学成分及其生理活性的研究

研究地胆头提取液中总多酚和类黄酮含量及其生理活性。测定了不同地胆头提取液的总多酚含量、类黄酮含量及其清除DPPH自由基的能力,并比较了不同料液比的地胆头提取液对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制率。结果表明:不同提取剂提取的地胆头总多酚和类黄酮含量不同,其中,丙酮提取液中总多酚和类黄酮含量分别为12.27 mg/g、7.50 mg/g,均高于乙醇、甲醇、水提取液中的总多酚和类黄酮含量;地胆头丙酮、甲醇、乙醇提取液对DPPH自由基的清除率分别为94.60%、93.41%、90.87%,均高于人工合成氧化剂BHT(89.15%)和地胆头水提取液(62.75%);地胆头提取液对ACE的抑制效果随着料液比的增加而越明显,其中,1∶10的料液比下,乙醇地胆头提取液对ACE抑制率达到96.67%。通过本研究得出,在地胆头乙醇、甲醇、水、丙酮4种提取液中,丙酮提取液的总多酚和类黄酮含量最高,且其抗氧化性效果最佳,乙醇地胆头提取液的抗高血压能力最强。地胆头提取液具有明显的抗氧化性和抗高血压等生理活性,在功能食品及中草药领域里具有良好的开发应用前景。     

Antibacterial Cyclic Tripeptides from Antarctica-Sponge-Derived Fungus Aspergillus insulicola HDN151418

Three new aspochracin-type cyclic tripeptides, sclerotiotides M–O (1–3), together with three known analogues, sclerotiotide L (4), sclerotiotide F (5), and sclerotiotide B (6), were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus Aspergillus insulicola HDN151418, which was isolated from an unidentified Antarctica sponge. Spectroscopic and chemical approaches were used to elucidate their structures. The absolute configuration of the side chain in compound 4 was elucidated for the first time. Compounds 1 and 2 showed broad antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogenic strains, including Bacillus cereus, Proteus species, Mycobacterium phlei, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Edwardsiella tarda, MRCNS, and MRSA, with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 25.0 µM.     

海南白沙绿茶的抗氧化活性及其酚酸类组成的HPLC-MS分析

采用DPPH体系、ABTS体系和Oyaizu法对白沙绿茶的甲醇提取物、70%乙醇提取物和水提取物的抗氧化活性进行测定,并利用HPLC-MS对活性较高的乙醇提取物的抗氧化特征性成分进行分析。结果表明:白沙绿茶3种提取物均具有一定的抗氧化能力,呈浓度效应关系。其中3种提取物中以70%乙醇提取物对DPPH和ABTS清除能力最强,而还原力则弱于水提取物和甲醇提取物。通过HPLC-MS从70%乙醇提取物中得到24个酚类物质,其中15个酚类物质被鉴定为新绿原酸、花旗松素-3-O-芸香糖苷、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、去甲氧基姜黄素、表儿茶素、山奈酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、花旗松素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-双己糖苷、Di-O-咖啡酰奎宁酸、槲皮素、山奈素-3-O-戊糖苷、牛蒡子苷、杨梅素和山奈素。