共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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运用方差分析、多重比较、正交实验和极差分析方法,对牛角瓜花粉的萌发和花粉管生长进行研究,结果表明,培养基内硼酸、硝酸钙、蔗糖、硫酸镁在一定浓度范围内,对花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但浓度过高或过低时,则有抑制作用;钾对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著;蔗糖和硝酸钙对牛角瓜花粉萌发有显著影响,蔗糖和硫酸镁对牛角瓜花粉管生长有显著影响;牛角瓜最适花粉液体培养基为:15% 蔗糖+350 mg/L Ca(NO3)2?4H2O+60 mg/L H3BO3+150 mg/L MgSO4?7H2O;在30~35℃温度条件下,牛角瓜花粉块萌发和花粉管生长最好。 相似文献
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文章研究了罗布麻茎叶粗提物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黄曲霉的抑菌活性和最小抑菌浓度,并定性分析了脱胶后的罗布麻纤维对上述类型微生物的抑制效果。结果表明,罗布麻茎叶粗提物对黄曲霉和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果较为明显,对大肠杆菌抑制效果稍差,其中,罗布白麻和罗布红麻对黄曲霉菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为5、7.5 mg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌浓度均为7.5 mg/mL,而对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为10、15 mg/mL;定性分析发现,经脱胶后的罗布麻纤维仍对细菌类的金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,但对霉菌类的黄曲霉无明显抑制作用。 相似文献
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木香薷是一种典型的芳香植物。为了探讨木香薷精油的抑菌活性,本试验采用抑菌圈法,选取了金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella)和大肠埃希氏菌(Escherichia coli)5个菌种作为研究对象,对木香薷精油的抑菌活性进行了研究。实验结果表明,木香薷植物精油对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果最为明显,大肠埃希氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌,对木香薷精油中度敏感,沙门氏菌和黑曲霉对木香薷精油低度敏感。 相似文献
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昆虫病原线虫共生菌对小麦根腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探索小麦根腐病和小麦赤霉病可持续控制的有效生防途径,以小麦根腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌作为供试真菌,评价了昆虫病原线虫共生菌及其毒素的抑菌活性,并对高毒力菌株抗逆性进行了初探。结果表明,供试的28个昆虫病原线虫共生菌发酵液和毒素均有一定的抑菌活性,其中,高毒力共生菌菌株SY5发酵液和毒素对小麦根腐病菌的抑菌率分别为56.05%和67.41%,对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌率分别为82.41%和83.32%;菌株SY5发酵液经50℃处理60 min及18 W紫外灯照射120 min后对小麦根腐病菌的抑菌率无明显变化,但对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌率有所下降;常温保存150 d,抑菌活性略有下降。说明共生菌菌株SY5对小麦根腐病菌和小麦赤霉病菌抑菌活性显著,且具有一定的抗逆性,极具应用潜力。 相似文献
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采用UPLC-MS/MS法对番石榴多酚中部分酚类物质进行了定性分析。以抑菌圈直径为评价指标,测定了番石榴多酚的抑菌活性,并以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,对其抑菌稳定性进行了研究。结果表明:番石榴多酚中含有没食子酸、儿茶素、槲皮素、原儿茶酸、山奈素和绿原酸等酚类物质。番石榴多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏杆菌、单增李斯特菌、铜绿假单胞菌、腐败希瓦氏菌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有较好的抑制效果,除了单增李斯特菌和腐败希瓦氏菌的MIC低于5 mg/mL外,其余均低于2.5 mg/mL。番石榴多酚在pH4~5范围内处理后抑菌活性最强,其抑菌活性对温度、紫外照射具有稳定性,低盐度会促进其抑菌活性。 相似文献
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采用GC-MS联用技术检测了海南花梨木鲜花花精油的化学组成及相对含量,并采用苯醚甲环唑作为对照测定了该精油对香蕉枯萎病菌的抗菌活性。花精油中共鉴定出17种成分,包括烷烃类(53.33%)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(14.02%)、邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(4.37%)、9,12-十八碳二烯酸(14.00%)、α-香树精(8.37%)、1-三十烷醇(2.57%)和二十八烷醇(1.45%)等。抑菌试验表明,花精油和苯醚甲环唑对香蕉枯萎病菌具有一定的抑制作用,其抑制作用随着处理浓度的加大而增强;在接种培养初期,苯醚甲环唑对香蕉枯萎病菌产生明显的抑制作用而花精油不明显,随着时间的延长,花精油对香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用逐渐变强,并在7d后与苯醚甲环唑的抑制作用无明显差异。 相似文献
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用抑菌圈方法,研究了仙人掌(Opuntia dillenii Haw)的各种提取物对革兰氏阴性菌、阳性菌和真菌的抑制作用.结果表明,仙人掌的乙醇和水提取物对不同种类的病原菌具有不同的抑菌活性,以对枯草芽孢杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、肺炎链球菌、金色葡萄球菌等革兰氏阳性菌的抑制作用最显著,对大肠杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌的效果相对稍差,而对黑根霉、黑曲霉等真菌的效果则很小.另外,不同处理方式、不同部位所得到的仙人掌提取物,其抑菌效果也不同,以从花的干粉中得到的水提取物的效果最好,其抑菌谱广,抑菌效果也最明显. 相似文献
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of lignin from residue of corn stover to ethanol production
Xin DongMeidui Dong Yingjian LuAlexandra Turley Tony JinChangqing Wu 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(3):1629-1634
To improve the economic viability of the biofuel production from biomass resource, a value-added lignin byproduct from this process is increasingly important. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin extracted from residue of corn stover to ethanol production were investigated. The lignin extracts exhibited strong antioxidant activities in hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay and Folin-Ciocalteu test. The extracts also exhibited antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) and yeast (Candida lipolytica), but not Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis) or bacteriophage MS2. Different extraction conditions (temperature and residue/solvent ratio) affected the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of lignin extracts. Generally, the bioactivities of lignin extracts were consistent with FTIR analysis results. Lignin byproducts showed the potential for their antioxidant and antimicrobial application. 相似文献
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大叶桃花心木的花、叶抽提物对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以大叶桃花心木的花和叶为材料,测试了其乙醇抽提物对重要多食性害虫斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的拒食活性。结果表明:试剂中大叶桃花心木的花与叶各自的抽提物质量分数5%时均有较强的拒食作用,非选择性拒食率分别高达96.33%和86.23%,选择性拒食率分别高达96.63%和91.98%;质量分数5%大叶桃花心木花、叶抽提物拒食率在48 h后均有所下降,但仍然保持较高的拒食率,其非选择性拒食率分别为87.3%和73.9%,选择性拒食率分别为95.46%和85.63%;连续以质量分数1%的花、叶抽提物浸叶饲喂时,试虫体重的增长明显低于对照试虫,处理后第5天,质量分数1%的花、叶抽提物处理试虫的平均体重分别为对照的49.32%和53.01%。研究结果表明,大叶桃花心木的花、叶的乙醇抽提物对斜纹夜蛾均具有良好的拒食活性,并且大叶桃花心木的花抽提物对斜纹夜蛾的拒食活性高于其叶的抽提物。 相似文献
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木麻黄小枝提取物的抗蚁及抑菌生物活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用滤纸药膜法测定木麻黄(Casuarina equistiolia Forst小枝提取液对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀和驱避活性,并测定了木麻黄小枝提取液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、清酒假丝酵母、黑曲霉的抑菌活性。结果表明∶木麻黄小枝水提取液对黑翅土白蚁有显著的触杀毒性,处理浓度为5mg血L条件下,校正死亡率达82%。木麻黄小枝水提取液对黑翅土白蚁无显著的忌避活性,对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出显著的抑制活性。化学成分预试验表明,木麻黄小枝水提取液中含有黄酮类、酚类和糖类等代谢产物。 相似文献
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Crustin is a type of antimicrobial peptide and plays an important role in the innate immunity of arthropods. We report here the identification and characterization of a crustin (named Crus1) from the shrimp Rimicaris sp. inhabiting the deep-sea hydrothermal vent in Manus Basin (Papua New Guinea). Crus1 shares the highest identity (51.76%) with a Type I crustin of Penaeus vannamei and possesses a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain, which contains eight cysteine residues that form the conserved ‘four-disulfide core’ structure. Recombinant Crus1 (rCrus1) bound to peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid, and effectively killed Gram-positive bacteria in a manner that was dependent on pH, temperature, and disulfide linkage. rCrus1 induced membrane leakage and structure damage in the target bacteria, but had no effect on bacterial protoplasts. Serine substitution of each of the 8 Cys residues in the WAP domain did not affect the bacterial binding capacity but completely abolished the bactericidal activity of rCrus1. These results provide new insights into the characteristic and mechanism of the antimicrobial activity of deep sea crustins. 相似文献
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山竹果皮提取物农药活性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探索山竹果皮提取物在农业中的杀虫抗菌活性,为新型植物源农药的开发提供理论依据。采用浸叶法测定山竹果皮乙醇、石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇等5种提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫拒食和毒杀活性;以生长速率法测定这5种提取物对12种植物病原真菌的抗菌活性。结果显示:山竹果皮提取物对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫均具有一定的拒食及毒杀作用,以氯仿提取物的拒食活性最高,其24和48 h拒食率分别为72.51%和65.75%;而毒杀作用以石油醚提取物最强,其处理5 d后,斜纹夜蛾的校正死亡率为53.70%。抑菌试验显示山竹氯仿提取物对芒果炭疽病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌和芒果蒂腐病菌等4种植物病原真菌具有明显抑制菌丝生长作用,其EC50值分别为0.230 5、0.429 3、0.265 2和 0.390 1 mg/mL。由此说明,山竹果皮提取物具有良好的杀虫抗菌活性,基于山竹产物开发新型植物源农药具有潜在的利用价值。 相似文献
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采用平板试验,通过生长速率法分析木薯根系分泌物及其土壤浸出液对橡胶树白根病病菌及棒孢霉落叶病病菌的化感效果,为判断胶园林下种植木薯的可行性提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)木薯根系分泌物对橡胶树白根病和棒孢霉落叶病病菌均表现为化感促进效果,但在任一处理时间,不同浓度间对白根病病菌的化感效果与对照均未达显著差异,而对棒孢霉落叶病病菌的化感效果呈现明显的剂量效应,浓度达40 mg/mL时,化感促进效果与对照达到显著水平。(2)木薯根系分泌物的任一浓度,对橡胶树白根病和棒孢霉落叶病病菌的化感效果,在不同处理天数间均未达到显著水平。(3)木薯土壤浸出液对橡胶树白根病和棒孢霉落叶病病菌均呈现化感促进效果,且存在明显的剂量效应;对橡胶树白根病病菌,处理后2 d,达到显著化感效果所需浸出液浓度至少为40 mg/mL,处理后3 d和处理后4 d,达到显著化感效果所需浸出液浓度至少为8 mg/mL;对棒孢霉落叶病病菌,在任一处理时间达到显著化感效果的浸出液浓度均至少为200 mg/mL。(4)土壤浸出液小于8 mg/mL时,3个处理时间之间的橡胶树白根病病菌化感效果无显著差异,当浓度达到40 mg/mL时,处理后2 d的化感促进效果显著大于处理后3 d和4 d;4种土壤浸出液的任一浓度,对橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病病菌的化感效果在不同处理时间之间均未达到显著差异。所以说,幼龄胶园间作木薯会在一定程度上促进橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病和白根病的发生。 相似文献
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Metal–polysaccharides have recently raised significant interest due to their multifunctional bioactivities. The antimicrobial activity of a complex of Cu2O with the sulfated polysaccharide (PS) of the marine red microalga Porphyridium sp. was previously attributed to spikes formed on the complex surface (roughness). This hypothesis was further examined here using other Cu–PS complexes (i.e., monovalent-Cu2O, CuCl and divalent-CuO, CuCl2). The nanostructure parameters of the monovalent complexes, namely, longer spikes (1000 nm) and greater density (2000–5000 spikes/µm2) were found to be related to the superior inhibition of microbial growth and viability and biofilm formation. When Escherichia coli TV1061, used as a bioluminescent test organism, was exposed to the monovalent Cu–PS complexes, enhanced bioluminescence accumulation was observed, probably due to membrane perforation by the spikes on the surface of the complexes and consequent cytoplasmic leakage. In addition, differences were found in the surface chemistry of the monovalent and divalent Cu–PS complexes, with the monovalent Cu–PS complexes exhibiting greater stability (ζ-potential, FTIR spectra, and leaching out), which could be related to spike formation. This study thus supports our hypothesis that the spikes protruding from the monovalent Cu–PS surfaces, as characterized by their aspect ratio, are responsible for the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the complexes. 相似文献