渔港建设必须考虑渔民的利益

阳江市是中国南海沿海城市，有全国著名的东平、闸坡、沙扒一等渔港，溪头二等渔港，还有大大小小星罗棋布的河北港、灵谷港、对岸港、江城港等等。这些优越的渔港为阳江市的渔业生产发展创造了有利条件。     

关于渔民增收的对策研究

渔业是国民经济的基础产业,又是“三农”的组成部分。渔民作为农民中的一个特殊群体,有着自己的特殊性。文章在对渔民特点进行分析的基础上,揭示分析了渔民增收中存在的主要问题及渔民增收下降的主要原因,针对如何增加渔民收入提出了几点建议,为政府出台相关扶持政策和措施提供参考。     

日照市渔港建设管理问题及对策研究

日照市现有渔港及自然港湾共30处,其中:中心渔港1处(日照黄海中心渔港),一级渔港1处(岚山渔港),群众渔港23处,自然港湾5处。渔业村(居)投资建设渔港14处,个体经营者自建渔船停泊点7处,企业自建渔港2处。渔港的建设和发展在渔业防灾减灾、服务渔业生产、促进渔民增收、繁荣渔区经济等方面发挥了积极作用。     

我国沿海渔港信息化建设的思考

渔港对渔区经济社会发展和产业结构调整发挥了重要的枢纽作用,信息技术为渔港监督、渔船管理、渔获追溯、环境治理等问题提供了新的思路.本文利用文献调查、实地考察、数据分析、经验总结等方法调研了解沿海渔港信息化建设现状,分析存在的问题,围绕沿海渔港信息化发展需求,以渔港经济可持续发展为整体目标设计构建了渔港信息化体系框架,包括...     

加强平安渔业建设 提升港澳流动渔民服务水平

港澳流动渔民是拥有港澳和内地双重户籍的一个特殊渔民群体，港澳流动渔民既是我国渔业一支重要的生产力量，又是一个政治群体，在抗日战争、解放战争、社会主义现代化建设和香港、澳门的顺利回归中，港澳流动渔民发挥了重要的作用。据统计，目前入会的港澳流动渔船有约3500艘，120万千瓦，     

韩国渔港代表团在日本著名的金枪鱼渔港——烧津渔港考察

由日本全国渔港渔场协会主办的，日本水产厅赞助的“第十一届日韩渔港渔场技术交流会议”最近在静冈县的烧津市举行。日本全国渔港渔场协会的田中会长，日本水产厅渔港渔场调整部的桥本部长，韩国渔村渔港协会的裴平岩会长等出席了会议。在会议期间，日方代表主要向韩方代表介绍了日本的远洋金枪鱼渔业基地的烧津渔港和目前浇津市正在扩展的从骏河湾（位于浇津市的东侧）提取深层水（骏河湾中部的水深不200～2000m）用于供应等。     

加快福建省渔港和渔业船舶地方立法的初步探讨

本文剖析了当前福建省渔港和渔业船舶管理中存在的困难和问题；提出实施渔港和渔业船舶有效管理，保障渔业从业人员的生命财产安全，促进渔业经济可持续发展，应当立足省情，加快渔港和渔业船舶管理地方立法，并阐述了渔港和渔业船舶管理地方立法中需要解决的突出问题与建议。     

渔港建设投融资模式的研究

渔港作为渔业生产的重要基础设施,在促进渔业和临港经济发展中起着举足轻重的作用。但是投资匮乏、资金短缺严重制约着我国渔港经济的发展,而目前对渔港投融资理论的研究尚不完善。文章在投融资理论基础上归纳出渔港投融资的定义,描述了渔港投融资的特征,列举并分析了适合渔港建设的投融资模式及其存在的问题,最后探索出最具可操作性的渔港投融资模式。     

加强平安渔业建设努力提升港澳流动渔民服务水平

港澳流动渔民是具有港澳和内地双重户籍的一个特殊渔民群体，他们既是我国渔业一支重要的生产力量，又是一个政治群体，他们在抗日战争、解放战争、社会主义现代化建设和香港、澳门的顺利回归中发挥了重要的作用。据统计，目前人会的港澳流动渔船有约3500艘，120万千瓦。     

Participation of local fishermen in scientific fisheries data collection: a case study from the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia

The feasibility of participation by local fishermen in scientific fisheries data collection for stock assessment is described. Artisanal fishermen from the Bangweulu Swamps, Zambia, collected length-frequency data for 1 year from their catch using the main fishing methods employed in the swamps as well as experimental gears. It is shown that with this method, it is possible to obtain large quantities of reliable and relatively cheap length-frequency data that allow for a full length-based stock assessment, including cohort analysis. There are also indications that with a proper feedback of the findings by the research institutions to the fishing communities, this sampling method might enhance the awareness of exploitation patterns and the management consequences. This may be seen as a first step in preparing the communities to take up their role in a community-based approach in the management of the fish resources.     

Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study

Abstract  The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches.     

Balancing resource protection and fishing activity: The case of the European hake in the northern Iberian Peninsula

One of the fundamental aims of the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management is to ensure the long‐term sustainability of the fishery by protecting key life‐cycle habitats, such as recruitment areas. In this study, we apply a hurdle Bayesian hierarchical spatio‐temporal model that describes the abundance of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) recruits in the northern continental shelf of the Iberian Peninsula. Our findings clearly show four persistent nurseries, the main one being located along the continental shelf of the Artabrian gulf (off La Coruña). The preferential habitats identified for the hake recruits are areas within a bathymetric range of 120–200 m, with 15–16°C of Sea Surface Temperature, a Chl‐a concentration of 0.8–1.2 mg/m³ and low values of seabed rugosity (unconsolidated substrates). Searching for a compromise with fisheries, we also assess the degree of overlap of the main nursery areas with two fisheries footprints, a local one using Vessel Monitoring System data of trawl fishery of Marín, and a global one using Automatic Identification System data of different type of trawlers (bottom otter, beam and midwater trawls). The two fisheries footprints present different degree of overlapping in distinct areas, highlight the need of specific fleet‐adapted management rules in order to protect juvenile stages. We discuss that understanding the distributional patterns associated with key life stages, such as recruitment, and their interaction with fishing activities, is essential for applying appropriate spatial management measures and improving fishery sustainability.     

Empirical move‐on rules to inform fishing strategies: a New England case study

Increasingly, fisheries are being managed under catch quotas that are often further allocated to specific permit holders or sectors. At the same time, serious consideration is being given to the effects of discards on the health of target and non‐target species. Some quota systems have incorporated discard reduction as an objective by counting discards (including unmarketable fish) against the overall quota. The potential effect of the introduction of a quota system that includes accountability for discards on the fishing strategies employed by fishermen is enormous. This is particularly true for multispecies fisheries where healthy and depleted stocks co‐exist; resulting in a trip's catch being applied to very large and very small stock quotas simultaneously. Under such a scenario, fishermen have a strong incentive to minimize (i) catch of low‐quota or ‘choke’ stocks, (ii) regulatory discards due to minimum size limits and (iii) catch partially consumed by predators. ‘Move‐on’ rules (i.e. event‐triggered, targeted, temporary closure of part of a fishery when a catch or bycatch threshold is reached) have been employed in a variety of fisheries. However, their efficacy has been limited by a lack of empirical analyses underpinning the rules. Here, we examine the utility of spatiotemporal autocorrelation analyses to inform ‘move‐on’ rules to assist a sector of the New England Multispecies Fishery to reduce discards and maximize profits. We find the use of empirical move‐on rules could reduce catch of juvenile and choke stocks between 27 and 33%, and depredation events between 41 and 54%.     

辽宁省海洋渔具渔法结构调整的研究

根据辽宁省海洋捕捞产量的统计资料,运用灰色关联法分析了拖网、围网、流刺网、钓具、定置网5种主要渔具渔法的产量与海洋捕捞总产量的关联度,运用改进的层次分析法确定了5种主要渔具渔法产量的权重。结果表明,海洋捕捞产量与定置网、拖网的产量的关联度高,与围网、钓具和流刺网的产量关联度低;拖网、围网、流刺网、钓具、定置网产量的计算权重分别约为23．3％、16．1％、31．1％、20．4％、9．1％。对辽宁省渔具渔法产量结构调整进行了讨论。     

Estimation of the overall fishing power: A study of the dynamics and fishing strategies of Brittany's industrial fleets

The present paper suggests a method for estimating the fishing power of vessels and for analysing fleet dynamics. The approach is based on quantification of stocks catchability (q), derived from fishing mortality coefficients (F) as calculated by virtual population analysis. Catchabilities for each harvested stock are thus estimated relatively to the fishing effort (f_n) of each vessel, according to the equation: q = (F/f_n). A linear model is then fitted to these catchabilities. The model allows the identification and quantification of trends in average mortality rates per fishing hour for each stock. Under some assumptions, trends are interpreted as variations in the overall fishing power of each fleet. The approach is applied to three industrial and semi-industrial fleets of Brittany (Lorient, Concarneau and Douarnenez) and to the main gadoid stocks they exploit off the west coast of Scotland (ICES area VIa), and in the Celtic Sea (ICES area VIIf,g,h) for Concameau. Results show large variations in fishing power. Particularly, a marked increase trend in the fishing power exerted on saithe (Pollachius virens) is highlighted for the three fleets, over the period 1983–1989. These variations can be explained by the redirection of fishing strategies, which may occur on a large scale. Thus, we show how the collapse of saithe stock at first led the three fleets to intensify the harvesting of saithe, and from 1989 on, to adopt different strategies. The possible causes of the observed dynamics are discussed, as well as their consequences for fisheries management. In particular, the relevance of direct control of fishing effort as a regulatory tool is questioned.     

尼罗罗非鱼行为习性及其捕捞渔具的设计

尼罗罗非鱼(OreochromisniloticaL.)属热带性鱼类,为我国1978年从国外引进的优良海淡水养殖对象,具有食性杂、生长速度快、肉质鲜美、经济价值高等优点[1]。目前已在我国数个省、市开展养殖。尼罗罗非鱼性喜群游,其最适生长水温为24～32℃,水温降至14℃时,活动迟缓,停止摄食,水温降至12℃以下时便逐渐死亡[2]。因此,在我国北方地区养殖的尼罗罗非鱼,一般在严冬前开始进行捕捞。水温达到20℃以上时,雄鱼会在池边或者池底挖洞,当遇到外界刺激或拉网捕捞受惊后,便潜入洞中或软泥中。尼罗罗非鱼的这一行为习性给捕捞造成很大困难,因此各地一般…     

The understudied and underappreciated role of predation in the mortality of fish released from fishing gears

The assumption that animals released from fishing gears survive has frequently been scrutinized by researchers in recent years. Mortality estimates from these research efforts can be incorporated into management models to ensure the sustainability of fisheries and the conservation of threatened species. Post‐release mortality estimates are typically made by holding the catch in a tank, pen or cage for short‐term monitoring (e.g. 48 h). These estimates may be inaccurate in some cases because they fail to integrate the challenges of the wild environment. Most obvious among these challenges is predator evasion. Stress and injury from a capture experience can temporarily impair physiological capacity and alter behaviour in released animals, a period during which predation risk is likely elevated. In large‐scale commercial fisheries, predators have adapted their behaviour to capitalize on impaired fishes being discarded, while in recreational catch‐and‐release fisheries, exercise and air exposure can similarly impede the capacity for released fish to evade opportunistic predators. Owing to the indirect and often cryptic nature of this source of mortality, very few studies have attempted to document it. A survey of the literature demonstrated that <2% of the papers in the combined realms of bycatch and catch‐and‐release have directly addressed or considered post‐release predation. Future research should combine field telemetry and laboratory studies using both natural and simulated predation encounters and incorporate physiological and behavioural endpoints. Quite simply, predation is an understudied and underappreciated contributor to the mortality of animals released from fishing gears.     

福建省渔业船舶检验人员配置及其管理的探讨

本文根据当前福建省海洋渔业船舶规模和结构现状,分析福建省海洋渔业船舶检验工作、人员配置及其管理中所存在的问题,依据国家渔业船舶检验相关法律、法规的规定,提出强化检验人员配置、加强验船师队伍建设和船舶检验工作管理,提高渔船检验人员整体素质,建立健全检验工作机制,确保渔业船舶航行和生产安全,为船舶建造检验、营运检验营造良好的工作环境等建议,促进福建渔业船舶检验工作健康、有序运行。     

对我国渔船救生衣法定配备要求的研究与建议

渔船救生衣作为渔船用主要个人救生设备,是海难事故后渔民最直接、最迅速的自救工具,国内外船舶法规均对渔船救生衣的配备有着相应的要求。通过比对国内外各项船舶法规,分析国内外救生衣技术标准,结合我国海洋捕捞渔船的救生衣配备及应用现状,提出我国渔船救生衣配备存在的问题;同时试验比较渔船救生衣以及工作救生衣的性能差异,区分两者应用差异。针对我国渔船法规修改救生衣配备要求提出建议：在船长45 m以上大型渔船及国际航行渔船需配备船用救生衣,45 m以下近海航行渔船可允许近海作业用救生衣替代船用救生衣等。