猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染抑制猪瘟疫苗的免疫应答

对20日龄SPF猪和20日龄猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）血清阳性猪，人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）北京分离株（BJ－4）后48h接种猪瘟疫苗，利用ELISA方法检测仔猪针对PRRSV和猪瘟疫苗的体液免疫，利用MTS法检测仔猪外周血单核细胞对有丝分裂原ConA的刺激反应。结果表明，不论是SPF仔猪还是带有PRRSV抗体的仔猪，在鼻内接种PRRSV后48h接种猪瘟疫苗，其对猪瘟疫苗的抗体反应显著低于对照组，对有丝分裂原ConA的刺激反应也下降。由此说明，PRRSV感染使仔猪对猪瘟疫苗的免疫应答受到抑制。     

Analysis of constitutive cytokine expression by pigs infected in-utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

To investigate cytokine alterations in pigs infected in-utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), constitutive mRNA expression by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was measured. PBMC from in-utero PRRSV-infected pigs displayed significantly increased IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-gamma mRNA expression at 0 and 14 days of age compared with age-matched control pigs. There were no significant differences in IL-2, IL-4, and IL-12 mRNA expression between in-utero PRRSV-infected and control pigs. However, the IL-10/IL-12 ratio was significantly increased in in-utero PRRSV-infected pigs at 0 and 14 days of age, suggesting the imbalance of IL-10 and IL-12 mRNA production. The abnormal mRNA expression of cytokines in in-utero PRRSV-infected pigs occurred concurrently with a significant decrease in the CD4(+)/CD8(+) T-cell ratio in peripheral blood. PRRSV was not isolated from the sera of pigs at 9 weeks of age that had been viremic at 0 and 14 days old. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to Tuberculin and analysis of cytokine mRNA expression by PBMC showed that cell-mediated immune response and cytokine message profiles in pigs infected in-utero with PRRSV had returned to levels similar to those of control pigs by 9 weeks of age. We conclude that in-utero infection with PRRSV results in significant alteration of cytokine mRNA expression that may cause transient immunomodulation. However, at 10 weeks of age the pigs' immune responses seemed to recover. This may help to understand the immunopathogenesis of in-utero PRRSV infection and the increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial pathogens in neonatal piglets.     

PRRSV-VR2332减毒活疫苗不影响猪瘟疫苗和猪圆环病毒2型灭活疫苗诱导的抗体产生

本研究拟评估仔猪接种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征减毒活疫苗对猪圆环病毒病疫苗、猪瘟疫苗免疫的干扰情况,并分析不同免疫方式对仔猪生长性能的影响,以期为探究PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2、CSF疫苗的联合免疫提供数据参考。本研究先以100头仔猪为研究对象,将其随机分为A、B、C、D 4组。其中A组仔猪免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗7 d后免疫PCV2疫苗;B组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和PCV2疫苗;C组仔猪仅免疫PCV2疫苗;D组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。另外再筛选100头仔猪,随机分为E、F、G、H 4组。E组仔猪于免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗12 d后免疫CSF疫苗;F组仔猪同期分点注射PRRSV减毒活疫苗和CSF疫苗;G组仔猪仅免疫CSF疫苗;H组仔猪仅免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗。免疫4周后,测定仔猪血清中相关抗体水平。同时,称量免疫前后各组仔猪的体重,计算不同免疫方案仔猪的平均日增重。结果表明：A~D组中, A组和B组仔猪在免疫4周后均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及PCV2抗体,且A组抗体水平略高于B组。C组仔猪仅产生了PCV2抗体,D组仔猪产生了较高水平的PRRSV抗体。E~H 4组中,E组和F组仔猪均产生了较高水平的PRRSV及CSFV抗体。G组仔猪仅产生了高水平的CSFV抗体,H组仔猪仅产生了高水平的PRRSV抗体。A、B、C、D 4组中B组仔猪的平均日增重最高;而E、F、G、H 4组中E组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于其他3组。PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗或CSF疫苗同期分点免疫、免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗一段时间后再免疫PCV2或CSF疫苗均能诱导仔猪产生高水平的抗体;在体液免疫方面,PRRSV减毒活疫苗免疫与否均未对另外二种疫苗表现出明显的干扰作用。在仔猪28日龄时同期分点免疫PRRSV减毒活疫苗与PCV2疫苗,12 d后再免疫CSF疫苗的免疫方案不仅能诱导仔猪产生高水平抗体,还可以使仔猪具备较高的平均日增重。     

怀孕后期感染PRRS病毒母猪所产新生仔猪的免疫反应

将PRRS病毒BJ－4株感染怀孕后期（约90天）的抗体阴性和阳性母猪，待自然分娩后，观察新生仔猪的免疫应答。结果显示，接种PRRS病毒BJ－4的母猪没有表现出明显的临床症状，没有出现流产死产。新生仔猪浦被子前血清中PRRS病毒核酸TR－PCR检测和ELISA抗体阴性，哺乳后特异性抗体出现，5－6周母源抗体逐渐下降；20日龄猪瘟疫苗免疫后疫苗抗体维持时间短，仔猪在40日龄后进入野毒感染的危险期。RT－nested PCR检测血清中PRRS病毒核酸和易感仔猪病毒特异性抗体监测的结果提示仔猪群内可能存在水平传播。流式细胞术检测外周血淋巴细胞亚群发现CD3^ 细胞减少，CD4^ 细胞显著下降，CD8^ ，CD4^ CD8^ 和SLA－DR^ 表达细胞升高。以上结果表明在感染后病毒能够长期持续性存在，猪场内新生仔猪母源抗体逐渐下降后，通过水平传播受到感染，感染后免疫应答受到不利影响。     

In utero infection with PRRS virus modulates cellular functions of blood monocytes and alveolar lung macrophages in piglets

The putative immunosuppressive effect of PRRS virus (PRRSV) on innate immune responses was studied in piglets infected in utero with PRRSV. Phagocytosis and oxidative burst capacities in 2-, 4- and 6-week-old in utero infected piglets were investigated and compared with age-matched control piglets. Phagocytic capacity of blood monocytes against Salmonella bacteria was investigated by flow cytometry. Oxidative burst in blood monocytes and in alveolar lung macrophages was investigated by luminol- and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, respectively. Decreased phagocytosis against Salmonella was found in blood monocytes from 4- and 6-week-old infected piglets compared to controls. In contrast, 2-week-old infected piglets showed phagocytic responses comparable to age matched control piglets. While oxidative burst capacity was increased in blood (PBMC) from in utero PRRSV infected piglets, the oxidative burst capacity of alveolar lung macrophages was decreased, especially in 2- and 4-week-old piglets, compared to age-matched control piglets. The present results indicate that in utero infection with PRRSV inhibits phagocytosis against Salmonella in blood monocytes as well as the oxidative burst capacity of alveolar macrophages. These observations indicate that PRRSV in utero infection induces at state of immunosuppression in piglets paving the way for enhanced secondary infections.     

三种猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗免疫效果评价

为研究不同猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)疫苗的的免疫特性,分别采用PRRSV变异株(JXA1-R)弱毒疫苗、经典PRRSV(VR 2332)弱毒疫苗、变异株(JXA1)灭活疫苗,免疫接种PRRSV抗原和抗体阴性的健康断奶仔猪,免疫接种后70d用PRRSV变异株强毒攻毒,ELISA检测血清中PRRSV特异的抗体水平及IFN-γ、IL 2、IL 4、IL 8、IL 10的水平,并进行临床症状和肺部病理组织学观察和评分。结果表明,VR 2332、JXA1-R弱毒疫苗对免疫猪攻毒保护效果差异不显著,均为63.6%(7/11),JXA1灭活疫苗免疫攻毒保护效果较差,为36.4%(4/11)。试验还发现病毒感染猪血清中细胞因子IFN-γ和IL-10的比值可以作为评价疫苗免疫效果的一个指标。     

Mannan oligosaccharide increases serum concentrations of antibodies and inflammatory mediators in weanling pigs experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

Mannan-containing products are capable of modulating immune responses in animals. However, different products may have diverse immunomodulation. The experiment was conducted to examine effects of mannan oligosaccharide (Actigen; ACT) on growth performance and serum concentrations of antibodies and inflammatory mediators in weanling pigs (Sus scrofa) experimentally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A total of 32 PRRSV-negative pigs (3 wk old) were randomly assigned from within blocks to 1 of 4 treatments in a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement [2 types of diet: control (0%) and ACT addition (0.04%); and with and without PRRSV] in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were blocked by initial BW within sex. Ancestry was equalized across treatments. Pigs (8/treatment) were kept individually in each pen. After 2 wk of an 8-wk period of feeding the treatments, pigs received an intranasal inoculation of PRRSV or sham medium at 5 wk of age. Infection by PRRSV decreased ADG, ADFI, and G:F throughout the experiment (P < 0.01). Actigen did not affect ADG (P = 0.450), but decreased (P = 0.047) ADFI from 28 to 42 days postinoculation (DPI). During that time, ACT improved G:F in infected pigs but not in sham controls (interaction, P = 0.009). Dietary ACT did not affect viremia in infected pigs (P > 0.05), but increased PRRSV-specific antibody titer at 35 DPI (P = 0.042). Infection with PRRSV induced the febrile responses of pigs from 3 to 10 DPI (P < 0.001) with return to normal at 14 DPI. During the experimental period, the rectal temperature of pigs was found slightly elevated by ACT (P = 0.045). Infected pigs had greater serum concentrations of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-12, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-10, and haptoglobin (Hp) than sham controls (P < 0.001). These results indicate that PRRSV stimulated secretion of cytokines involved in innate, T-helper 1, and T-regulatory immune responses. Actigen tended to decrease the serum TNF-α concentration regardless of PRRSV (P = 0.058). The ACT × PRRSV interaction was significant for IL-1β (P = 0.016), IL-12 (P = 0.026), and Hp (P = 0.047), suggesting that infected pigs fed ACT had greater serum concentrations of these mediators than those fed the control. The increases in IL-1β and IL-12 may favorably promote innate and T-cell immune functions in infected pigs fed ACT. Feeding ACT may be useful as ACT is related to increased PRRSV antibody titers and G:F in infected pigs at certain times during infection.     

猪圆环病毒2型感染对猪瘟弱毒疫苗接种猪免疫应答的影响

为探索猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)感染对猪瘟(CSF)弱毒疫苗接种猪免疫应答的影响,将20头28 d断奶仔猪随机分为V-I、I-V、V和C4组,5头·组-1.V-I组在接种CSF弱毒疫苗后2d感染PCV2;I-V组在感染PCV2 后2d接种CSF弱毒疫苗;V组只接种CSF弱毒疫苗;C组为空白对照组.共免疫2次,间隔21 d.免疫后定期检测血清CSFV特异性抗体水平、外周血淋巴细胞(PBLC)增殖活性和PBLC中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10 mRNA的表达水平.结果显示:在CSF弱毒疫苗免疫前或免疫后感染PCV2,均会导致CSFV抗体水平低下,血清抗体阳转率下降,PBLC增殖活性降低.初次免疫后,V-I与I-V组的PBLC内IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4和IL-10 mRNA的表达量严重不足,其中V-I组的表达量最低.加强免疫后V-I与I-V组的PBLC内IFN-γ与IL-10的表达失衡,IL-2和IL-4的表达缺乏,其中I-V组的细胞因子表达失衡和缺乏更严重.上述研究表明,CSF弱毒疫苗免疫前或免疫后感染PCV2均会影响机体的体液和细胞免疫应答水平,导致PBLC内细胞因子的表达严重抑制和紊乱.     

In utero infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus modulates leukocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar fluid of surviving piglets

It is well known that piglets congenitally infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can be viremic at birth, and that preweaning mortality due to secondary infections often increases during acute outbreaks of PRRS. Therefore, an immunosuppressive effect of in utero infection has been suggested. The aim of the present study was to characterise the changes of leukocyte populations in piglets surviving in utero infection with PRRSV. A total of 27 liveborn uninfected control piglets and 22 piglets infected transplacentally with a Danish strain of PRRSV were included. At 2 and 4 weeks of age, 21 of 22 (96%) and 7 of 14 (50%) examined infected piglets were still viremic, whereas PRRSV could not be detected in the six infected piglets examined at 6 weeks of age. Flow cytometry analysis was used to determine the phenotypic composition of leukocytes in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 2-, 4- and 6-week-old infected piglets and age-matched uninfected controls. The key observation in the present study is that high levels of CD8(+) cells constitute a dominant feature in peripheral blood and BALF of piglets surviving in utero infection with PRRSV. In BALF, the average high level of CD8(+) cells in 2-week-old infected piglets (33.4 +/- 12.6%) was followed by a decline to 7.3 +/- 3.0 and 11.1 +/- 3.0% at 4 and 6 weeks of age. BALF of control piglets contained 1.6 +/- 0.9, 2.3 +/- 1.8 and 1.9 +/- 0.5% CD8(+) cells, only. In peripheral blood, however, the average number of CD8(+) cells remained at high levels in the infected piglets throughout the post-natal experimental period (2.8 +/- 1.9, 2.9 +/- 1.8 and 3.2 +/- 1.7 x 10(6) CD8(+) cells/ml at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively). In the controls, the average levels of CD8(+) cells were 0.9+/-0.2, 1.9 +/- 1.7 and 1.6 +/- 0.5 x 10(6)/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the numbers of CD2(+) , CD4(+)CD8(+) and SLA-classII(+) cells, respectively, in peripheral blood, together with the levels of CD2(+) and CD3(+) cells in BALF were increased in the infected piglets infected in utero compared to the uninfected controls.The kinetic analyses carried out in the present study reflect that in utero infection with PRRSV modulates immune cell populations in peripheral blood and BALF of surviving piglets. The observed changes are characterised by high levels of CD8(+) cells supporting an important role of these cells in PRRSV infection. The present results, however, do not support the existence of post-natal immunosuppression following in utero infection with PRRSV.     

Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) are pathogens, which can significantly affect the swine industry worldwide. Field surveys suggest that simultaneous PRRSV and PCV2 infection is common in pigs. The objective of this study was to measure the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations in piglets co-infected experimentally with PRRSV and PCV2, in order to analyze the synergistic influence of co-infection on the immune system. Changes in peripheral blood leukocyte subpopulations were systematically measured by flow cytometry (FCM). The levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2 were detected by indirect Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) and the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFA), respectively. Serum viral loads were measured using real-time PCR. The results showed that piglets co-infected with PRRSV and PCV2 exhibited slower generation and lower levels of antibodies to PRRSV and PCV2, and increased amounts and a prolonged presence of both PRRSV and PCV2 in serum, in comparison to the piglets infected with either virus alone. The major finding in our study was that the total and differential leukocyte counts, including white blood cells (WBCs), monocytes, granulocytes and lymphocytes (T, B and NK cells, as well as T-cell subpopulations), dramatically decreased early during co-infection with PRRSV and PCV2 for about two weeks, in contrast with animals singly infected with either PRRSV or PCV2. These results suggest that PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection results in a synergistic decrease in immune cells in the peripheral blood of piglets. These data contribute to the understanding of the immunosuppressive effects resulting from PRRSV and PCV2 co-infection in pigs.     

Cytokine expression, glucocorticoid and growth hormone changes after porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV-1) infection in vaccinated and unvaccinated naturally exposed pigs

The objective of this paper was to study the changes of some cytokines and neuroendocrine hormones in vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs that were naturally infected by a PRRSV-1 (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus) heterologous field strain. We analyzed gene expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6), pro-immune (IFN-γ) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in PBMC, as well as hormonal (GH and cortisol) levels in blood samples of pigs obtained in a field trial previously reported [Martelli P, Gozio S, Ferrari L, Rosina S, De Angelis E, Quintavalla C, et al. Efficacy of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine in pigs naturally exposed to a heterologous European (Italian cluster) field strain: clinical protection and cell-mediated immunity. Vaccine 2009;27:3788-99]. All vaccinated pigs showed an increase in pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokine gene expression with respect to controls and a prompt increase in GH that could be consistently associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines in sustaining innate immunity; moreover, the higher levels of cortisol indicates the activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response. In contrast, unvaccinated pigs showed down-regulation of the cortisol and GH responses, and the pro-inflammatory and pro-immune cytokines remained at a basal or low level, with an increase of TNF-α and IL-6 in association with a higher level of IL-10 in the late phase of natural infection. The associated trends of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines together with the cortisol level demonstrate that a previous vaccination promotes an early immune responsiveness in pigs and a more efficient control of inflammation in the late phase of infection with a heterologous PRRSV isolate; both events could sustain clinical protection.     

Immune responses against measles virus in cynomolgus monkeys

Measles virus (MV) induces profound suppression of the immune response during and for weeks after acute infection. On the other hand, virus-specific immune responses that mediate viral clearance and confer long-lasting immunity are efficiently generated. To investigate this paradox, we studied the immune responses to MV using a monkey model of acute measles. Cynomolgus monkeys were experimentally infected with wild-type MV (MV-HL) and showed marked leukopenia associated with a steady reduction in CD4+ T cell numbers for 18 days post-inoculation. Transient expression of interferon and IL-6 were observed in the serum between 4 and 6 days post-inoculation, and IL-10 levels increased after 11 days post-inoculation. Interestingly, IL-8 showed a three-peak increase that correlated with an increase in neutrophils. A non-human primate model of measles allows the early immune response against MV to be studied in more detail.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒不同毒株感染对猪外周血免疫细胞含量的影响

采用猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)变异株HN07-01和经典美洲株BJ-4人工感染2月龄仔猪,通过观察发病情况、检测外周血免疫细胞和PRRSV特异血清抗体水平,研究了不同毒株PRRSV的致病特性.结果表明:PRRSV变异株感染后能够引起高热症状;变异株HN07-01株感染后引起的外周血各类免疫细胞下降速度和下降程度显著高于BJ-4株.提示PRRSV变异株引起机体的免疫抑制明显强于BJ-4株;PRRSV特异血清抗体结果表明:变异株和BJ-4株均能快速诱导机体产生抗体.     

Phenotypic and functional modulation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

It is well documented that there is a delay in the development of effective immunity to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in infected and vaccinated pigs. This suggests that PRRSV might possess some inherent properties to evade host defense mechanisms during the early stage of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the activation and control of T-cells in response to viral antigens. In this study, we investigated the phenotypic and functional property changes of bone marrow-derived immature DCs (BM-imDCs) that take place after infection by PRRSV. Results showed that BM-imDCs were permissive to PRRSV infection, as productive replication took place in these cells. A down-regulated expression of MHC I molecules along with an up-regulated expression of CD80/86 is observed at 48 h following infection. Also at 48 h following PRRSV infection, a significant increase of IL-10 secretion by BM-imDCs was noticed. Results suggest that the inhibited expression of MHC I and the enhanced secretion of IL-10 by BM-imDCs after PRRSV infection might be among the strategies used by the virus to evade the host immune defenses.     

猪附红细胞体感染对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响

为探讨猪附红细胞体对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响,本试验利用猪瘟抗体检测ELISA试剂盒,对已注射猪瘟疫苗的69头感染猪附红细胞体的仔猪和31头无猪附红细胞体感染的健康仔猪进行了猪瘟抗体检测。结果表明,感染猪附红细胞体仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平低下,其猪瘟疫苗整体免疫合格率(49·2%)明显低于健康仔猪(93·5%),且显性感染仔猪的免疫合格率(41·6%)明显低于隐性感染仔猪(53·5%)。说明猪附红细胞体严重干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,且干扰程度与猪附红细胞体的感染程度呈正相关。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)诱导特异性IFN-γ~+T细胞反应的研究

为研究高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)活疫苗(HuN4-F112株)诱导的特异性IFN-γ+T细胞反应与其保护作用的相关性,本研究将25头45日龄PRRSV阴性健康仔猪随机均分为5组,第1～3组分别于0 d、7 d、14 d免疫HuN4-F112疫苗(1头份/头,106.0TCID50),第4组为攻毒对照组,第1～4组于21 d用PRRSV强毒株HuN4-F5攻毒(3 mL/头,104.0TCID50),第5组为空白对照组。疫苗免疫后1周～2周产生部分保护,3周产生完全保护,第1～4组保护率分别为5/5、2/5、2/5和0/5。中和抗体检测显示免疫组免疫后7 d和14 d所有猪只均未检测到中和抗体,免疫后第21 d第1组4头猪检测到低效价(≤1∶8)的中和抗体。疫苗免疫后血清中IFN-γ含量略有升高,但变化不大,整体都处于较低的水平。采用酶联免疫斑点技术(ELISpot)检测PRRSV特异性IFN-γ+T细胞反应。免疫组免疫后7 d、14 d、21 d百万外周血单个核细胞中IFN-γ+T细胞频数分别为0±0、0±2、5±8,组间和组内统计分析显示差异不显著。结果表明在HuN4-F112株疫苗早期保护中,IFN-γ参与的特异性细胞免疫反应较弱,在早期免疫阶段难以发挥主要作用。本研究为了解PRRSV疫苗免疫保护机制提供参考,同时,也提示需要采用更多的指标和方法来评价该疫苗诱导的免疫反应。     

PRRSV感染仔猪肾组织的超微病理变化分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）是能引起仔猪高死亡率的疾病,给养猪业带来极大的经济损失。本研究对PRRSV感染仔猪肾组织的病毒定位及产生的超微病理变化进行观察,以期了解PRRSV对肾组织细胞以及血液循环的影响。主要采用透射电镜技术结合血清生化检测、免疫组织化学染色（IHC）,对仔猪感染PRRSV后肾组织进行超微病理学观察及分析。结果发现,PRRSV感染后引起肾组织损伤,病毒主要分布于肾小球、坏死的肾小管上皮细胞胞质及巨噬细胞胞质内;肾小球内足细胞足突广泛融合或微绒毛化,内皮细胞肿胀;肾小管上皮细胞线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂、溶解;间质炎性细胞浸润。PRRSV通过巨噬细胞内复制随血液扩散至肾组织,引起损伤;根据透射电镜观察结果,足细胞足突融合,肾小球血管内皮细胞损伤引起微血栓形成,说明PRRSV感染仔猪后影响了肾小球滤过率,同时,对肾血液微循环系统造成损伤。本研究为阐明PRRSV的感染致病机制提供理论基础。