禽白血病-肉瘤病毒的RT-PCR检测

应用RT-PCR对2株禽白血病病毒（ALV）和1株劳斯肉瘤病毒（RSV）进行了检测试验.试验提取了病毒RNA,并使用3对ALVgp85基因引物对其进行了反转录、扩增,从而建立了ALV-RSV RT-PCR.使用无相关性的禽RNA和DNA病毒进行特异性试验和使用ALV进行的敏感性试验表明,该方法是一种快速、特异、敏感的体外试验,可用于禽源病毒种毒和疫苗中ALV和RSV的污染检测.     

血管瘤禽白血病病毒FJ0610株的分离与鉴定

为了解禽白血病病毒在商品蛋鸡中的流行情况,试验采用病理剖检、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)以及间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)等方法对送检的疑似禽白血病病毒感染的商品蛋鸡进行了病毒分离与鉴定,并对分离株的致瘤相关基因gp85基因进行测序,与国内外各亚群禽白血病病毒进行对比。结果表明:分离、鉴定到1株J亚群血管瘤禽白血病病毒,命名为FJ0610;分离株gp85基因核苷酸序列同源性在11.5%～94.5%之间,其中与血管瘤禽白血病毒株ZH-08株同源性最高,而与E亚群毒株同源性最低;基于gp85核苷酸序列的系统进化分析表明FJ0610株的gp85序列与ZH-08株的亲缘关系最近。     

重庆市禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的血清流行病学调查

禽白血病和禽网状内皮组织增生症均为禽的肿瘤性免疫抑制疾病,是危害养鸡业的两种非常重要的病毒性传染病。为调查重庆市肉鸡中禽白血病及禽网状内皮组织增生症的流行情况,在北碚区、涪陵区、开县、垫江县、潼南县五个区（县）的8个活禽交易市场采集260份血清样本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测了所有血清中禽白血病病毒（ALV）和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒（REV）的抗体。检测结果显示：禽白血病病毒和禽网状内皮组织增生病毒抗体阳性率分别为16.5%（43/260）和5%（13/260）,双抗体阳性率为4.61%（12/260）。与全国其他地区相比,重庆市肉鸡中这两种病原的感染率相对要低,但仍应重视这两种疾病的防控,以控制病原的进一步传播。     

J亚群禽白血病病毒人工感染肉鸡病理学及组织嗜性研究

本试验从内蒙古某地养鸡场分离出一株J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J),命名为ALV-J IMC10200株.通过人工感染试验建立发病模型,对诱发的肉鸡典型禽骨髓细胞瘤病的病理学变化和病毒的组织嗜性进行研究,为进一步探索本病发病机理、病毒的生物学特性奠定基础.     

应用荧光定量RT-PCR检测J亚群禽白血病病毒

针对J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）基因序列保守区域设计一对特异性引物和一条特异性探针,通过构建重组阳性标准质粒作为阳性标准品,建立了检测ALV-J核酸的荧光定量PCR方法。优化反应体系和条件后进行特异性、敏感性、重复性试验。结果显示,该检测方法特异性强,与其它禽源病毒如A亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-A）、B亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-B）、新城疫病毒（ NDV）、禽流感病毒（AIV）、鸡传染性贫血病毒（CIAV）和马立克病病毒（MDV）均不发生交叉反应;该方法可检测到3.2×102拷贝/μL的病毒核酸,与常规RT-PCR相比,敏感性高100倍;重复性试验的变异系数小于2%。研究结果表明,建立的Real-time RT-PCR 检测方法特异性强、灵敏度高、可重复性好,可用于ALV-J的定量检测。     

禽白血病病毒特性的研究进展

禽白血病（Avianleucosis）是由反转录病毒科（Retroviridae）禽白血病／N瘤病毒群病毒（Avianleukosis／sarcomavirus,ALV）引起的以造血细胞恶性增生为主的多种肿瘤性疾病的总称。根据临床症状可分为淋巴细胞性白血病（Lymphoid Leukosis,LL）、成红细胞性白血病（Erythroblatosb）、     

J亚型禽白血病病毒的分离与鉴定

本研究分别从广西的地方肉鸡及河北、辽宁的蛋鸡中分离到了3株禽白血病病毒.剖检疑似发病鸡只.采集病变的肝脏、脾脏组织,经过RT-PCR检测确定为ALV感染.将病变组织接种CEF细胞,连续传代2次,将细胞上清接种DF-1细胞,p27抗原检测为阳性.同时提取病毒基因组,用H5/ADI和H5/H7两对特异性引物进行PCR扩增,结果3株为ALV-J亚型.进一步设计ALV-J亚型gp85特异性引物进行PCR扩增并测序.结果确认分离到的3株病毒为ALV-J亚型.其gp85序列与标准毒株HPRS-103同源性为96%.同时,用p27单抗进行间接免疫荧光试验,测定毒力.综上所述,我们从广西地方肉鸡巾分离到1株J亚型禽白血病病毒,从河北及辽宁的蛋鸡中分离到2株J亚型禽白血病病毒.     

罗曼粉蛋鸡感染E亚型禽白血病病毒的分子生物学检测分析

为排查贵州省惠水县某养鸡场禽白血病病毒的感染情况,对鸡场送检的10只病死罗曼粉蛋鸡进行禽白血病病毒PCR检测和遗传进化分析。结果：10份病料样品中6份检测出禽白血病病毒;基因序列分析与E亚型禽白血病病毒E-ros001、E-B9、E-TYR株同源性高达99.1%,与J亚型GZN16株同源性最低为37.1%;系统进化树分析表明与E亚型毒株亲缘关系最近。结论：该养鸡场存在E亚型禽白血病病毒感染。     

禽白血病病毒抗体间接ELISA 检测方法的建立及初步应用

以大肠杆菌表达、纯化的禽白血病病毒（ALV）重组P27蛋白为包被抗原,建立了检测ALV-P27抗体的间接ELISA方法,为禽白血病流行病学调查提供了一种简便的血清学检测方法.该方法与9种禽常见传染病病毒阳性血清及大肠杆菌阳性血清无交叉反应,具有较好的特异性;批内、批间重复试验变异系数均小于10％,具有良好的重复性;新建立的ELISA方法比IDEXX公司生产的ALVA、B亚群抗体检测试剂盒和J亚群抗体检测试剂盒相对于免疫荧光试验（IFA）有更高的符合率.     

蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒的分离与初步鉴定

J亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-J）是Payne L N及其同事于1989年首次从肉种鸡群中分离出来的。由于病毒的囊膜特性不同于已知感染鸡的禽白血病病毒的5种亚型（A～E）,根据病毒的在不同遗传型鸡胚成纤维细胞上的宿主范围、与相同或不同亚群成员的干扰谱、病毒诱导的中和抗体,将其定名为禽白血病病毒J亚型（avian leukosis virus subgroup J,ALV-J）。     

Characterization of monoclonal antibodies to avian leukosis viruses

Hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibody (MCA) to avian leukosis virus (ALV) structural proteins p27 and p19 have been established. In an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MCA 6AL20 (IgG1 isotype) reacted with RPL-40 (ALV subgroup A), avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) (a mixture of subgroups A and B), Rous-associated virus (RAV)-2 (subgroup B), and Carr-Zilber strain of Rous sarcoma virus (CZ-RSV) (subgroup D) but not with Prague strain of RSV (PrC-RSV) (subgroup C) or the endogenous virus RAV-0 (subgroup E). MCA 6AL22 reacted as above and also reacted marginally with PrC-RSV. Both MCAs immunoprecipitated p19 from 35S-methionine-labeled chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEFs) infected with RPL-40 or RAV-1, but not from CEFs infected with RAV-0, thus identifying the viral structural protein p19 as a polypeptide with subgroup-specific epitopes. Both MCAs can be used to differentiate RPL-40 from RAV-0 infection either in an indirect antibody ELISA or by immunoprecipitation. A third MCA, 6AL42 (IgG2a isotype), reacted with the above viruses of subgroups A, B, C, and D at an antibody titer up to 1000-fold higher than with subgroup E RAV-0 virus in indirect ELISAs. MCA 6AL42 immunoprecipitated p27 from cells infected with RPL-40, RAV-1, or RAV-0. These MCAs are potentially useful in developing immunological tests for differentiation of ALV strains.     

Detection of avian leukosis virus antigens by the ELISA and its use for detecting infectious virus after cultivation of samples and partial characterization of specific pathogen-free chicken lines maintained in this laboratory.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting avian leukosis virus (ALV) antigens was developed with rabbit anti-ALV serum. The ELISA detected purified ALV of subgroups A and B at a concentration of 0.4 ng/well and about 10(3) infectious units/well estimated by a resistance-inducing factor (RIF) test, and antigens in culture fluids from chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with subgroups A, B or E of ALV. These results showed that common antigens among the subgroups were detected by the ELISA. When virus titration was performed, virus infectivity could be determined by the ELISA within 7 days after cultivation. The titer was similar to that obtained by the RIF test on 19 days after 3 subcultures. These results indicate that the ALV-isolation test by the ELISA was superior to the RIF test in rapidity and applicability to large-scale field trials. Four specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken lines maintained in this laboratory were examined for endogenous ALV antigens by the ELISA. Sera from laying hens had considerably high absorbance (A) values, whereas albumen samples showed low A values except for some samples (7/40 hens). Although most of sera from 1-day-old SPF chicks showed lower A values than those from laying hens, some sera showed A values as high as those from viremic chicks in 2 lines. Endogenous ALV was isolated from sera from laying hens (6/40) and their albumens (4/7) with high A values. Two SPF chicken lines were found to produce endogenous virus at a high frequency.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒CQ/01/2004株的分离与鉴定

2004年从重庆某肉用鸡场疑似鸡传染性支气管炎的病鸡中采集病料，按常规处理后接种9～10日龄鸡胚，通过鸡胚连续传代培养3代，并对该分离毒株的鸡胚致病性、血凝性和NDV的干扰特性进行检测．同时进行了动物回归试验。结果表明，该分离株具有IBV感染特征，可使鸡胚胚体出血、蜷缩、矮化；该分离毒株无直接血凝性，对NDV有明显的干扰作用；动物回归试验中有75％的感染鸡在10d内发病或死亡。剖检病死鸡可见肾苍白、肿胀，肾小管内充塞大量尿酸盐，支气管有出血点、有大量粘液。采用反转录．聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）技术对CQ／01／2004的纤突蛋白S1基因进行扩增、克隆和序列测定，结果表明该基因具有IBVSl基因的共有分子特征，将测序结果提交GenBank进行同源性检索，发现分离株CQ／01／2004和J株S1的同源性最高，核苷酸同源性为94％，氨基酸同源性为89．4％，与M41的核苷酸同源性为80．6％，氨基酸同源性为78．0％。试验结果表明，分离的病毒株CQ／01／2004为鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病毒超强毒株的分离及生物学特性鉴定

用SPF鸡及鸡胚，从吉林某鸡场病死鸡的法氏囊组织到一株超强毒株（J20株）。此病毒不能凝集鸡的红细胞，可以被IBDV标准阳性血清检出IBDV抗原。通过对J2001分离毒株进行回归实验，测定病毒效价EID50达10^6/0.2ml，发病率为100％，死亡达70％；病毒理化特性试验，电镜观察等证实J20株为鸡传染性法氏囊病超强毒株。     

Testing and management of a specific pathogen free chicken flock with special reference to avian leukosis virus infections.

A specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken flock was reared in isolation under laboratory conditions during five years and continuously tested for presence of specified avian pathogens. The potential occurrence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) was most thoroughly examined. The RIF and neutralization tests were unequivocally negative. Radioimmunoassay was used for detecting the presence of the major protein (gs-a) of the group-specific antigen of avian onoorna viruses. This test seemed to he well suited for checking ALV infections in chicken flocks whereas the COFAL (complement fixation avian leukosis) test was considered unreliable for this purpose. Yolk and serum from SPF chickens were negative for anti-gs-a antibodies measured by the radioimmunoassay; immunized or naturally infected birds showed anti-gs-a amounts correlating with the neutralizing titre. Besides, the flock was regularly tested for presence of seven other contagious avian pathogens. There was no evidence of infection.SPF chicken flock; avian leukosis; laboratory diagnosis of avian leukosis virus infections.     

白鹭源新城疫病毒的分离与鉴定

从1只患病的白鹭的咽喉、泄殖腔棉拭子中分离到1株病毒,经血凝、血凝抑制试验和RT-PCR法鉴定为新城疫病毒。根据该毒株对鸡胚平均致死时间、鸡胚半数致死量、鸡胚半数感染量的测定和新城疫强弱毒鉴别的RT-PCR检测,表明该分离株为新城疫强毒株。     

鸽Ⅰ型融粘病毒的分离鉴定

用SPF鸡胚，从病死鸽的脑组织中分离到一株病毒。该病毒能使鸡红细胞发生凝集，而且这种凝集能被鸡新城疫标准阳性血清所抑制。通过进一步对该病毒进行回归试验。MDT，ICPI，IVPI及其他生物学特性试验，证实该分离株为鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒（PMV-Ⅰ）中等毒力毒株。     

Pathogenicity of embryo-adapted serotype 2 OH strain of infectious bursal disease virus in chickens and turkeys

The pathogenicity of serotype 2 OH strain of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryos and 2-wk-old SPF chickens and turkey poults was investigated. The virus was pathogenic for chicken embryos after five passages as evidenced by pathologic changes in inoculated embryos. The embryo-adapted virus was not pathogenic for 2-wk-old SPF chickens and turkey poults as indicated by lack of clinical signs, gross or microscopic lesions in the bursa of Fabricius of inoculated birds. Bursa-to-body-weight ratios of the inoculated chickens and turkey poults were not significantly different from those of uninoculated controls. Virus-neutralizing antibodies to serotype 2 IBDV were detected in inoculated chickens and turkeys. Results of this study indicated that the embryo-adapted serotype 2 OH IBDV isolate that is pathogenic for chicken embryos is infectious but not pathogenic in chickens and turkeys.     

鸡新城疫病毒强毒株的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

从黑龙江省某地发病鸡群中分离出一株病毒APMV1/chicken/China/HLJ-2/02,分离毒为速发型NDV强毒株,对经典NDV La Sota株免疫的雏鸡及高抗体母鸡仍有很强的致病力.本研究对分离株进行了生物学特性研究,并对部分基因进行了序列测定,序列已经发送Gene Bank,序列号为AY208695.采用NDV分离毒株制备成多价油乳剂灭活苗,免疫鸡群有良好的保护力.