冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种的选育

冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种是由父本βB-2分别和母本⑧A-C-2-5、⑩B-7-2-2、(24)A-1-1及⑤A-1-1配制的一代杂种.冬春1、2、4号植株板叶,株高12 cm～20 cm(厘米),株幅26 cm～32 cm(厘米)×26 cm～32 cm(厘米),心叶幅16 cm～18 cm(厘米)×16 cm～18 cm(厘米),外部叶片12～16片,颜色分别为墨绿色、紫绿色和绿色,内部心叶17～28片,颜色分别为红色、深红色和外侧淡黄白内侧深粉红色.冬春5号植株皱叶,株高14 cm(厘米),株幅32 cm×28 cm(厘米),心叶幅19 cm×17 cm(厘米),外部叶片16片,颜色为墨绿和绿色,内部心叶22片,颜色为深粉红色.是目前国内因地制宜育成的首批耐冻性强、晚抽苔(冬春1、2、4、5号耐最低气温-6℃～-10℃冰冻、3月10～30日显蕾抽苔,对照名古屋和大阪等品种耐最低气温-2℃～-3℃冰冻、2月10～20日前显蕾抽苔)杂种一代新品种,适合黄河流域及以南广大地区12月至3月填补室外盆花空白观赏的羽衣甘蓝新品种.     

羽衣甘蓝种质创新与新品种选育Ⅱ.生育期及在杂种一代中的遗传表现

作者利用引进的国外羽衣甘蓝杂种一代品种创造了40余份新种质,选育出耐冻性增强3～7℃、晚抽薹15～45 d、观赏性优的“冬春1-19号”系列羽衣甘蓝杂种一代新品种.本文报道羽衣甘蓝创新种质生育期及在杂种一代中的遗传表现研究结果.     

食用羽衣甘蓝创新种质绿雁的选育与应用

从国外引进的编号第1号的羽衣甘蓝杂种一代品种第8号单株经基因重组、多代自交分离、系谱选育纯化,筛选获得食用品质与口感综合性状优良的自交不亲和系8号-3-6-1-1简称8号-3,定名绿雁。植株皱叶,最大株幅44cm×41.5cm,叶片鲜绿色,最大叶片长22cm,宽15cm,叶片近圆形,叶面平滑,内凹,叶缘呈中小锯齿状,叶缘又呈不规则的皱褶皱叶,叶片基部有1对裂刻(叶翼),叶片互生着生在茎上呈莲座状,叶柄长10cm,半圆形,绿色。绿雁耐低温和高温,抗病丰产,商品性好,质地柔嫩,食用风味品质优异,营养价值高,耐贮运,可直接应用于生产。采用绿雁自交不亲和系与另外创新种质杂交,选育成食用羽衣甘蓝杂优一代新品种4个,适宜全国各地露地和保护地各种方式四季栽培,周年供应。     

上海宝大种苗有限公司部分自繁品种介绍

一、宝大争春甘蓝争春甘蓝为杂交一代早熟春甘蓝,植株开展度40cm～45cm,外叶8片～10片,深绿色,球呈倒卵形,单球重1kg,整齐一致,耐寒冬性强.上海地区10月上旬播种,35天苗龄,亩栽4000株,定植后露天越冬,4月下旬收获,亩产3500kg以上.二、新丰一号甘蓝该品种株高30cm～35cm,开展度40cm～50cm,叶片深绿色,叶球扁圆形,单球重1.5kg.抗性强,耐寒,适宜秋栽,春季上市.上海地区7月～8月上旬播种,苗龄35天～40天,亩栽3500株,定植后露天越冬,1月～4月上旬收获,亩产4000kg以上.     

越冬花椰菜冬花二号栽培技术

冬花二号是郑州市蔬菜研究所选育出的越冬花椰菜新品种，全生育期230～240天，叶片灰绿色，呈长椭圆形，肥厚，蜡粉中等，花球洁白、紧实，株形中等，生长势强，株幅50cm，株高40cm，功能叶25片，单球质量0．9kg左右，耐寒性强，一般在一11cc的低温状况下仍可安全越冬。在河南郑州地区种植每667m^2产量2500～3500kg，越冬后于翌年3月中旬至4月初采收上市，经济效益高。其栽培技术要点如下：     

羽衣甘蓝“冬春10号”白色和“冬春18号”鲜红色系列新品种选育

详述了冬春10号白色系列和冬春18号鲜红色系列新品种的植物学特征.指出了这两个系列新品种是目前国内因地制宜育成的首批耐冻(耐-6～-12℃),晚抽苔(3月中旬至4月中旬显蕾)的羽衣甘蓝杂优一代新品种,也是目前国内外最先进的一批品种之一,适合浙江、江西、湖南、贵州和四川等省及以北广大地区解决11月中旬至4月因冬季深度冰冻室外无盆花安全观赏的问题.     

紫苏新品种‘多紫1号’、‘多紫2号’和‘多紫3号’

利用秋水仙素处理二倍体紫苏幼苗生长点,选育出3个四倍体紫苏新品种。其叶片皱缩增厚,花变大,种子千粒质量增加,但育性低,种子量少。其中‘多紫1号’叶绿色,平均株高115 cm,叶片挥发油含量1.23%,茎中迷迭香酸含量0.63%;‘多紫2号’叶两面纯紫色,平均株高110 cm,叶片挥发油含量0.79%,茎中迷迭香酸含量1.34%;‘多紫3号’叶紫色绿心,背面紫色,平均株高100 cm,叶片挥发油含量0.63%,茎中迷迭香酸含量1.38%。     

羽衣甘蓝新品种‘红罗裙’和‘白罗裙’

 观赏花卉羽衣甘蓝‘红罗裙’和‘白罗裙’均是利用自交不亲和系杂交而成。‘红罗裙’圆叶类型, 成株心叶紫红色, 边缘微皱。‘白罗裙’圆叶类型, 着色早, 心叶乳白色。两个新品种心叶颜色鲜艳、纯正, 与外叶边缘绿色对比鲜明, 株型整齐紧凑, 观赏价值高, 观赏期长, 耐寒, 性状稳定。     

喜树留床苗截干高度和密度对叶片生物量的影响

以1 a生喜树留床苗为试材,研究了截干高度和密度对喜树叶片生物量的影响.结果表明:不同截干高度、密度及截干高度与密度组合对喜树留床苗的叶片生物量有显著影响.在密度为每行10株的情况下,喜树留床苗不同截干高度萌芽苗的叶片生物量从高到低依次为25 cm＞20 cm＞15 cm＞10 cm;在1m宽的苗床上,喜树留床苗每行10株比5株萌芽苗的叶片生物量高31.3％;不同截干高度与密度组合萌芽苗的叶片生物量从高到低依次为25 cm× 10株＞20 cm× 10株＞25 cm×5株＞15 cm×10株＞20 cm×5株＞10 cm×10株＞15 cm×5株＞10 cm×5株,排前4名组合的生物量分别是最低组合的178.3％、182.2％、196.4％和222.4％,故喜树留床苗以每行保留10株且在20～25 cm高度截干为好.     

露地反季节大葱新品种平葱一号的选育

平葱一号是由97-3×K007杂交,并通过系统选育而成的常规品种。该品种反季节性强,生长速度快,抗病性强,儿芽萌发期比掖选一号早15～20d,株高110cm,葱白长40cm左右,茎粗3cm左右,叶片数5～6片,单株质量0.2～0.4kg,5月底采收1hm2可产长葱白大葱73000kg以上。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.