一种膜上直插精密播种机穴播导向传动机构的设计

本文介绍了一种膜上直插精密播种机穴播导向传动机构及工作原理,分析其工作过程,该机构运用凸轮与杠杆组合机构原理控制穴播器的升降来实现膜上播种作业。     

2BXM—2型地膜小麦穴播机的使用

2BXM-2型小麦穴播机(以下简称穴播机)是通过对全省7个厂家9种类型地膜小麦穴播机进行试验研究,综合其优点制造生产出的,经省农机鉴定站鉴定为合格产品。该机具有设计新颖、结构紧凑、坚固耐用、操作方便、调整使用简单、适应性强等优点。今年通过7组穴播机具种植的对比试验,经比较,在同等条件下,该机具提高产量10％左右,深受广大农民的欢迎;但因地膜小麦种植条件要求     

地膜穴播机试验方法初探

地膜穴播机试验方法初探甘肃省农机鉴定站石林雄近来年随着地膜播种技术的飞速发展，国内各地相继研制出了适应不同作物的地膜穴播机，并得到推广应用。而目前还没有统一的地膜穴播机试验方法标准，现就我站在研制２ＢＪＲ－１、２型精少量人力地膜小麦穴播机过程中，根据...     

油菜精量穴播机的设计与试验

为适应我国西北地区地膜油菜精量穴播作业需求,解决传统油菜精量穴播机作业中损伤种子、窝孔堵塞、漏播及排种量不稳定等问题,设计了一种油菜精量穴播机。该机采用异形窝孔轮排种器避免种子堵塞,u型槽结构避免损伤种子,且排种投种和成穴器开启同步匹配。田间验证试验表明:油菜精量穴播机在整地覆膜后播种,其空穴率、穴粒合格率及播种深度等均合格,满足油菜地膜种植的农艺技术要求。     

马铃薯膜上机械化穴播作业质量指标体系探究

为了规范马铃薯膜上机械化穴播作业质量，并为评价马铃薯膜上穴播机作业性能提供技术参考，研究探讨了马铃薯膜上穴播机作业质量指标及其检测方法和判定规则。     

谷子穴播监测计量系统的设计与试验

针对谷子体积小、质量轻,穴播播种监测过程中系统不易识别,落种过程谷子之间相互遮挡使得计数系统存在较大误差等问题,结合谷子穴播农艺要求,设计了以微处理器为核心,采用谷子穴播监测计数补偿系统,利用上位机与下位机进行数据的采集和显示的谷子穴播监测计量系统。通过单因素对比试验,验证了谷子穴播监测计数补偿系统辅助计量作用。田间试验表明：谷子穴播监测计量系统性能稳定可靠,计数最大误差率为2.4%,空箱报警准确率为100%,有效提高了谷子穴播播种计数准确性,增强了播种机作业质量。     

人畜力、机引铺膜直播穴播机

2BR-3型系列机引、人畜力铺膜直播穴播机是陕西省榆林市农机研改修造厂研制的新型水稻直播机械。该机具适用于种植水稻、玉米、豆类、高粱、小麦、南瓜、花生、葵花等各种作物,可一次性完成平整、耙耱、施肥、铺膜、开穴、播种、覆土、镇压等作业工序。也能单独进行铺膜或播种作业。该机分别以人、畜、机为动力,既可进行机组作业,也可用人畜力单机操作。铺膜播种,可组合、可分离,单行、双行任由选择,不受地块大小限制和土壤情况影响,适应性强。该厂研发的双翼调节迷宫式取种器是该机的一大亮点,与圆盘式、窝眼式、气吸式、孔带式等穴播排种…     

夹持自锁式棉花精量穴播器的试验研究

将夹持和自锁原理运用于精量排种,研制出夹持自锁式棉花膜上精量穴播器;同时,介绍了其主要结构和工作原理,对主要工作部件进行了设计说明,并分析了其主要工作过程.台架试验测定表明,该穴播器可实现精量播种,且对种子的大小适应性强,适宜于高速作业.     

小麦铺膜穴播机性能试验研究

在平作旱地对小麦铺膜穴播机进行机具性能试验,选定作业速度、滚筒直径和鸭嘴直径作为主要的性能指标,通过正交试验和极差分析法得出了排种均匀性指标影响程度大小的顺序为:滚筒直径＞鸭嘴直径＞作业速度.较佳的水平为:滚筒直径为41.5cm,鸭嘴直径为27.6mm(6分水管),作业速度为4.5km/h.该组数据为排种滚筒结构尺寸的确定及拖拉机的作业速度要求提供了依据.试验说明"条播变穴播的二次排种原理"是正确可行的.     

水稻机械化种植模式

通过研究跃进农场现存的几种主要种植形式,探索近阶段及未来适合跃进农场水稻种植机械化的模式。机直播与人工撒播的对比试验表明,该模式改善了水稻生长的小环境,促进了水稻分蘖生长,提高了水稻成穗率和抗病性,有利于人工清除恶性杂草,提高了水稻单产;穗粒数比撒播方式显著提高是机直播增产的主要原因,可增产5.44％。跃进农场近3年来水稻机直播与机插秧的产量表明,水稻机直播的产量总体要略高于机插秧,主要原因在于水稻直播形式较容易拿到穗苗,而机插秧形式穗苗不稳定。分析水稻种植环节的8项成本构成,机直播比机插秧可节约成本近20%,选用机直播的种植形式可获得可观的经济效益。实践研究表明,在跃进农场机插秧主要优势不在于提高水稻单产,而在于提高了水稻灌浆的整齐度和饱满度,有利于提高水稻种子扩繁质量和纯度,也有利于控制恶性杂草的危害。综上所述,近阶段来说,机直播和机插秧将全面替代人工撒播,机直播为主要推广的水稻机械种植形式,机插秧为辅助的种植形式,主要用于育种;随着水稻穴播机的不断研制成熟,机穴播将成为主要的种植形式,可以解决水稻种子扩繁的需要和种子品质的要求,同时还能实现稳定产量和降本增效的目标。      

拖拉机半履带行走装置设计与试验

针对丘陵地区轮式拖拉机田间作业时爬坡能力差、作业效率不高的问题,研究开发了一种半履带拖拉机行走装置。该装置主要由行走支架、减速机构、履带驱动轮、导向轮、若干支重轮、橡胶履带以及张紧轮机构等部件组成,对有一定坡度的山地适应能力好、不易打滑。田间驱动性能试验表明:拖拉机前轮线速度和履带驱动轮的线速度相对误差控制在4%以内,符合动力机械田间作业性能要求。该履带行走装置的成功研制对推动丘陵山区农业机械化的发展有重要意义,也为其他企业或科研院校研制开发半履带拖拉机提供了参考。      

薏苡精量排种器试验研究

针对贵州丘陵山地薏苡精量穴播机具需求,依托勺轮式精量播种机,实现薏苡多粒穴播。结合薏苡种植农艺要求,探讨机械式薏苡精量播种性能参数的最佳匹配。保证穴距的前提下,以排种器的排种粒数为评价指标,建立不同输送带速度与排种速度的函数关系,优化勺轮型孔数与排种轮导种槽数的对应关系,确定了试验参数,在排种试验台上进行薏苡排种试验。试验表明:输送带速度对排种粒数影响不显著;孔槽比18∶18时,不能满足粒数要求;孔槽比18∶9,穴距挡位140 mm,行驶速度约5 kmh（对应排种轴转速33.18 rmin）为薏苡播种机最佳参数匹配。      

我国南方山平塘建设管理存在的问题及对策——以湖南省衡阳市为例

山平塘是我国南方重要的农业水利基础设施,承担着防洪抗旱、农民饮水、水产养殖、农村环境用水等多种功能。衡阳市山平塘建设存在着总量不足、分布不均,管理不善,淤积严重,塘坝病险情况突出等诸多问题,为此应加大投入,整修与兴建山平塘,同时应积极推广机械化清淤,完善管理机制,实现山平塘的现代化管理。     

Water savings in irrigated potato production by varying hill-furrow or bed-furrow configuration

Current agronomic practices for potato production in the irrigated areas of southern Alberta involve a hill/furrow configuration that was adopted from elsewhere, and designed to shed rainfall away from the hill and into the furrow. However, the principal intent of supplemental irrigation is to capture as much of the applied water into the hill, where the potato tubers and roots are located, and minimize water accumulating in the furrow. A three-year project began in 2006 to quantify the potential irrigation water savings of altered hill shapes for potato production. The three treatments (standard hill, flat-topped hill, and double-planted wide-bed) were arranged in a randomized strip plot design replicated four times. Soil water in each treatment was generally kept between 60 and 90% of available. A fourth treatment, triple-planted wide bed, was added to the project in 2008. The irrigation requirements to maintain the treatments were 487, 442, and 449 mm for the standard hill, flat-topped hill, and double-planted bed, respectively, in 2006 and 442, 408 and 411 mm for the same treatments in 2007. This translates into approximately 10% less irrigation water required for the flat-topped hill shape compared to the standard hill shape. The flat-topped hill shape required 5.0% more irrigation than the standard hill in 2008, but the double and triple-planted wide beds required 8.0 and 9.9%, respectively, less irrigation water than the standard. Although not always statistically significant, water use efficiency was greater in all years for the altered bed shapes compared to the standard hill geometry. Greater water use efficiency can be interpreted as more of the applied water infiltrated into the hill, where the potato plant could use it for transpiration and tuber development. Total yield was greater in 2006 for both the flat-topped hill (72.3 Mg ha⁻¹) and wide-bed hill (69.2 Mg ha⁻¹) compared to the standard hill (61.4 Mg ha⁻¹); however, the treatments were not significantly different. Significantly greater marketable yield was realized from the flat-topped hill treatment in 2006. This treatment also had a significantly greater number of marketable size tubers. In 2007, there were no significant differences in total yield; however, the standard and flat-topped treatments had a significantly greater number and yield of tubers in the 113-170 g size category. Significant differences in total yield were found in 2008. The triple-planted wide bed had significantly greater yield in the smaller size categories compared to the standard treatment and significantly greater total tuber numbers than the other treatments, but the increase was in the smaller size categories, less than 170 g. There were no significant differences among the treatments in yield or total number of tubers in the size categories greater than 171 g in 2008.     

电磁振动式水稻穴盘精量播种机的设计与试验

针对水稻育秧穴盘播种过程中精确调整水稻种子播种量的需求,设计了由调整电动机控制的外槽轮定量供种装置及电磁振动排种装置来控制播种量及播种精度。试验结果表明,该播种机达到了水稻穴盘量播种的农艺要求。     

南方丘陵山区高尔夫球场喷灌系统的布设方法

本文根据丘陵高尔夫球场的特点，从技术和经济两方面宏观阐述了丘陵山区球场喷灌系统的布设方法，这一问题的研究对山丘地球场喷灌系统的设计有一定的实际意义。     

Impacts of small hill dams on agricultural development of hilly land in the Jendouba region of northwestern Tunisia

We examine the shifting farming system around the small hill dams in northwestern Tunisia. A socio-economic questionnaire was given to a sample of farmers using water from eight representative small hill dams. Cluster analysis was used to establish farmer groups before and after creation of the reservoirs. Before the creation of hill dams, farmers were grouped into two clusters. Afterwards, three new farming systems emerged. The main differences between these groups are farm area, cropping system, irrigation practice, livestock type and number, and income. Following construction of the small hill dams farmers increased the extent of fruit tree cultivation, introduced irrigation practices, and augmented livestock herd size and production. Farmer income increased with the availability of water in the hill dam reservoirs.     

驱动式马铃薯中耕机的设计与仿真分析

针对我国传统中耕机械存在的碎土效果不理想、易缠绕堵塞的特点,设计了一种驱动式马铃薯中耕机。该机能够一次性完成垄间松土、碎土、除草及培土等作业。对中耕机旋转单体中的碎土刀进行受力、刀的排列等分析,并通过ANSYS软件对旋转单体进行运动仿真。仿真结果总变形和等效应力验证了旋转单体的可靠性,证明了该机具可以实现深松、碎土等工作过程。机具结构设计合理,为中国北方等粘重土壤地区的中耕作业提供了技术支持,也为马铃薯中耕机的设计改进与优化提供了理论支撑和技术参考。     

A conceptual approach to the modelling of herbage intake by hill sheep

A modelling approach is examined as a method of investigating alternative management strategies for improved systems of hill sheep production. In order to take account of the wide range in the quality of hill herbage and the ability of the hill sheep to select preferred components, herbage has been conceptually classified in terms of its digestibility; the digestibility classes are then grazed selectively by sheep. The model deals with herbage growth and deterioration, diet selection and the maintenance and liveweight change of wether sheep. Results produced by the model, in which wethers grazed Agrostis-Festuca at two stocking rates, are discussed.     

全液压山地手扶式苜蓿刈割压扁机设计与试验

为适应我国山坡、丘陵地带苜蓿收获特殊需求,提高苜蓿收获机械作业操作灵活性和安全性,提出了一款山地手扶式苜蓿刈割压扁机。该机采用全液压驱动,整机液压系统由行走驱动回路、工作装置升降控制回路及工作装置驱动回路3部分组成,可实现自走、工作装置升降和刈割压扁作业;工作装置升降机构采用平行四连杆机构,以保证工作装置升降过程中割刀刀盘倾角不变。同时,进行了样机试制与田间性能试验,试验表明:整机能够有效地实现苜蓿的刈割、压扁作业,爬坡度可达30%,行驶速度可达5km/h,能够实现单边制动转向及原地转向等功能,满足山坡、丘陵地带苜蓿收获的需求。