应用PCR检测山羊痘病毒

初步建立了用于诊断山羊皮肤组织中山羊痘病毒的PCR方法。试验设计了2对引物，用以分别检测山羊痘病毒的特异性基因和α-微管蛋白基因。克隆到的DNA扩增产物的序列与GenBank中收录的序列同源性达到98％。试验表明，用PCR方法可快速检测样品中的山羊痘病毒。     

快速鉴别诊断山羊痘病毒和羊口疮病毒二联PCR方法的建立

参照GenBmk已发表的山羊痘病毒(GPV)和羊口疮病毒(ORF)的核苷酸序列设计了两对引物,建立了一种可以快速鉴别山羊痘病毒和羊口疮病毒二重PCR方法,检测结果显示,对山羊痘病毒和羊口疮病毒可以分别扩增出413 bp和595 bp的特异性片段,经敏感性测定,最低能检测到4 pg的DNA。对广西的送检的山羊病料20份进行检测,其中7份可扩增出413 bp的山羊痘特异片段、1份可扩增出595 bp的羊口疮特异片段。该方法能在4 h内完成整个检测过程,不仅快速,而且特异强、敏感性高,很适合于快速诊断。     

羊痘病毒PCR快速检测方法研究

针对羊痘病毒(Capripoxvirus,CaPV)的基因组中末端反向重复序列设计、合成1对特异性引物,优化PCR反应体系和扩增条件,建立诊断羊痘病毒的PCR方法。结果表明,山羊痘病毒的PCR产物为289bp,与预期片段大小相符,而羊的健康皮肤扩增物中没有DNA条带。本方法具有快速、灵敏、特异性高的特点,可作为实验室快速诊断羊痘病毒的有效方法。     

山羊痘病毒PCR/酶切检测方法的建立

为了建立一种快速的山羊痘检测方法,根据山羊痘病毒基因组保守区T3A/T3C基因设计了1对引物,以山羊痘病毒DNA为模板进行PCR扩增并连接到pMD18-T载体进行序列测定,测序结果显示片段长491 bp,与已报道的山羊痘病毒对应序列进行比对,同源性高达98%。特异性和灵敏性试验及PCR产物的酶切位点分析表明,该引物特异性好,敏感性强。本研究建立的山羊痘病毒PCR/酶切检测方法可应用于山羊痘病毒感染的临床诊断。     

云南流行山羊痘病毒的PCR鉴定及基因序列分析

2003年,在云南省的多个地州暴发了山羊痘.我们根据国外山羊痘病毒基因序列,设计1对聚合酶链反应(PCR)引物,用于扩增羊痘病毒的SVF基因,建立PCR诊断方法.     

山羊痘、羊口疮及山羊传染性胸膜肺炎混合感染的检测与分析

利用特异性PCR方法从病山羊组织病料中分别扩增山羊痘病毒、羊口疮病毒和山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种特异性片段,继而将扩增的特异性片段克隆、测序,并与GenBank上相应的基因序列进行比对、绘制系统进化树,进行流行病学分析。结果表明,从病山羊中可同时扩增出山羊痘病毒、羊口疮病毒和山羊支原体山羊肺炎亚种特异性片段,并通过基因序列比对分析确证了PCR检测结果,首次证实我国存在山羊痘、羊口疮及山羊传染性胸膜肺炎的混合感染,为我国现阶段羊病的流行病学和有效防制措施的制定提供了参考依据。     

山羊痘病毒PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为了更快、更准确的诊断山羊痘(Goat pox),根据GenBank上已公布的山羊痘病毒(GTPV)的基因序列,针对p32基因的保守序列设计并合成一对能特异性扩增山羊痘病毒的引物,扩增产物大小约为983bp。经过反应条件的优化,建立了山羊痘病毒PCR检测方法,对所建立的PCR反应体系的特异性和灵敏性进行了评价,并用此方法对9份临床样品进行了检测。结果显示,该诊断方法与3种非羊痘病毒不发生交叉反应。该方法最低浓度检测限为0.4pg。在检测的临床样品中,GTPV阳性有3份。结果表明,所建立的方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,适合临床诊断应用。     

感染细胞与痘疹样本中山羊痘病毒PCR检测方法的建立

比较Trizol法和SDS-蛋白酶K法提取山羊痘病毒DNA后,根据山羊痘病毒P32基因设计引物,建立了能检测感染细胞培养物与组织病料的PCR方法,结果显示以SDS-蛋白酶K法提取的病毒DNA在含量与纯度上均明显高于Trizol法;该PCR方法对山羊痘标准毒株细胞感染物能扩增出特异性的DNA条带,最小检出量为40.625ng;且能检出山羊痘疫苗毒Y株、贵州现场分离毒LD株和QL株的细胞感染物以及山羊痘疹样本中病毒DNA,而对鸡痘疫苗毒株感染细胞、正常细胞及正常山羊皮肤均为阴性反应。这些结果表明,建立的PCR方法具有特异性强、可靠性好、灵敏度高等特点,可用于山羊痘的临床诊断。     

绵羊痘病毒PCR检测方法的建立

根据羊痘病毒(CaPV)P32和ITR基因序列,设计合成了2对引物,建立了不同基因片段检测羊痘病毒核酸的PCR方法。结果表明针对2种基因的PCR方法敏感性较高,最小DNA检出量分别为20.15 ng(P32)和25.80 pg(ITR);扩增禽痘疫苗毒株、羊口疮病毒细胞培养物、口蹄疫病毒细胞培养物,结果均为阴性,特异性较强。扩增产物进行序列分析,与GenBank收录的其他株病毒P32核苷酸同源性为99.5%～99.9%,与ITR基因同源性为98.3%～100%。本方法为羊痘的快速诊断提供了可靠、简便的检测技术。     

山羊痘继发细菌感染病例诊断

采用细菌学方法与分子生物学技术对疑似山羊痘猝死山羊进行病原学检测。结果:以GPV ITR基因特异性引物从皮肤、肠黏膜、蹄部痘疹中均扩增到289 bp目的条带,并从肝脏中分离到1株革兰氏阳性杆菌,经生化鉴定为产气荚膜梭菌,其表现较强耐药性。由试验结果初步判断,该病例为山羊痘病毒(GPV)继发产气荚膜梭菌感染所致。猝死山羊病因的确定性诊断,将对山羊养殖场切断病原传播,预防健康山羊发病提供技术支持。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。