倍硫磷浇泼剂驱治牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病的报告

1997～1999年，我们在牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病感染严重的天祝县，采用倍硫磷浇泼剂进行牛皮蝇蛆病驱治效果试验，3年共用倍硫磷浇泼剂驱治牦牛1205头（次），注射剂对照驱治900头（次）。浇泼剂组3年的平均治愈率依次为96.70%、92.90%、97.84%，3年平均为97.03%；注射剂组3年的平均治愈率依次为88.45%、87.00%、90.61%，3年平均为90.09%；浇泼剂组的平均治愈率比注射剂组高6.84个百分点。试验表明，浇泼剂和注射剂对牦牛皮蝇蛆病均有较好的驱治效果，但以浇泼剂的效果更优。同时浇泼剂更为使用方便、安全可靠，毒副作用低，适宜于各地推广应用。     

伊维菌素对牦牛皮蝇蛆病的防治效果

牛皮蝇蛆病是危害牦牛的首要寄生虫病,使幼龄牛发育受阻,成年牛产肉、产奶量下降,皮革质量下降.以往用倍硫磷注射剂防治本病,效果虽好,但其毒性大,安全范围小,药物残留危害人体健康,现已停止应用.目前选择一种高效、低毒、安全的新药防治皮蝇蛆病是生产中亟待解决的问题.伊维菌素是一种广谱、高效、安全的驱虫杀虫类抗生素制剂,能驱杀家畜体内、外多种寄生虫.为验证其对牦牛皮蝇蛆幼虫的驱杀效果,笔者于2006年10月在刚察县伊克乌兰乡尚木多村进行了本项试验,报告如下.     

3种浇泼剂对牦牛皮蝇蛆的驱除效果观察

目前,国内防治牛皮蝇蛆病最有效的手段是用药物定期驱杀1,2期幼虫。临床曾选用倍硫磷注射剂和阿维菌素类口服制剂(片剂、胶囊剂)给牦牛进行驱虫,取得了较满意的防治效果。为了探索一种更加简便、省事省力、群众易接受的防治方法,笔者于2005年10月份—2006年6月份进行了本项试验     

多种新型药物驱治牦牛蝇蛆病试验

天祝县是一个以牧业为主的少数民族自治县,牦牛养殖是畜牧经济发展的支柱产业,保护和促使牦牛产业健康发展是充分发挥地方牧业资源优势,加快农牧民群众脱贫致富的重要途径。但是,长期以来,牛皮蝇蛆病一直是严重困扰和危害牦牛产业的重要因素之一。牦牛罹患本病后发育迟缓,贫血赢瘦,肌肉皮张受损、生产性能下降,产品贬值,商品率下降,经济效益差。全县存栏牦牛13万头,其中白牦牛3.9万头。牛皮蝇蛆病感染率高达96%以上,造成牦牛冬春季节严重掉膘乏弱,甚至死亡,经济损失严重。近年来,用敌百虫、倍硫磷注射剂等药物驱治牛皮蝇蛆已获良好的驱虫效…     

倍硫磷在牛体内的药代动力学研究

为防治牛皮蝇蛆病，研制成倍硫磷浇背剂Ｆｅｎｔｈｉｏｎ　ｐｏｕｒ　ｏｎ，一种透皮给药系统制剂。此剂型在近百头牛上试验，药效显著，安全范围明显增大。为了从药物代谢理论上阐明其代谢规律，特与倍硫磷油原液肌注后的药代动力学参数进行了比较研究。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂微量给药技术防治牦牛皮蝇蛆病的示范效果观察

皮蝇蛆病是危害牦牛饲养业的重要寄生虫病之一,在牦牛分布区广泛流行。牦牛感染皮蝇幼虫后直接影响其产肉、产奶等生产性能和幼年牛存活率,并造成牛皮损伤,给畜牧业生产和制革业造成了巨大的经济损失。长期以来,国内许多地区首选倍硫磷注射剂防治本病,取得了满意的防治效果,然而这     

阿拉纳注射液对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验

牦牛牛皮蝇蛆病是危害广大牧区牦牛的重要寄生虫病之一。由于牦牛性情粗野、凶猛,易攻击人,给牧区疫病防治带来了很大困难。为了寻求一种对牦牛牛皮蝇蛆驱治效果长效、低残留、使用方便的药物,于2011年11月至2012年6月在秦州区关子镇上岸峪村,应用不同剂量阿拉纳注射液进行了牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验。     

皮蝇净3种配方驱治效果观察

牛皮蝇蛆病是由狂蝇科皮蝇属的牛皮蝇、纹皮蝇和中华皮蝇的幼虫寄生于黄牛或牦牛的背部皮下组织内引起的一种慢性寄生虫病。它是危害养牛业最严重的寄生虫病之一。以往常采用注射或涂擦倍硫磷、敌百虫等方法进行防治。2001年起，本站使用新杀蝇蛆制剂一皮蝇净进行试验推广。皮蝇净有3种配方：皮蝇净、皮蝇净PlusⅠ、皮蝇净PlusⅡ。我们用此3种配方进行了驱治效果对比试验。     

牦牛牛皮蝇蛆感染情况调查与防治

牦牛皮蝇蛆病是危害高原牦牛的主要寄生虫之一，随着牦牛养殖业的不断发展，牛皮蝇蛆的发病机率也越来越高。根据这一实际情况，近年来笔者对互助县牦牛皮蝇蛆病发病率进行了调查，共调查牦牛1000头，感染率45．8％，平均强度2．33；用阿维菌素对300头牦牛进行了防治，驱净率92．67％。     

伊维菌素浇泼剂驱除牦牛皮蝇蛆的扩大试验

皮蝇蛆病在许多地区是影响牛的生长发育、产奶量和幼年牛成活的主要寄生虫病之一^[1]。过去曾先后选用敌百虫、蝇毒磷、倍硫磷注射剂等进行洗浴或注射防治,取得了不同程度的防治效果。其中以倍硫磷注射剂为首选药物,按6．25mg／kg剂量臀部肌肉注射防治,达到了高效^[2-4],在很长时期内为控制该病发挥了作用。然而,倍硫磷因毒性较大等原因已被停用。随着阿维菌素类药物的试验推广,为防治本病提供了有力武器,但常用的阿维菌素类药物剂型多为片剂和注射剂。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.