水稻黄绿叶突变体djyg的遗传分析与基因定位

在粳稻品种Dongjin大田种植过程中,发现一个黄绿叶自然突变体,命名为djyg。该突变体在苗期表现明显的黄绿叶表型,抽穗以后,叶色逐渐恢复正常。叶绿素含量测定结果表明,在苗期、分蘖盛期及抽穗期叶绿素b的含量分别下降53%、62%、36%。电镜结果表明,分蘖期突变体中基粒、类囊体垛堆凌乱、排列疏松,类囊体基质较为稀薄。qRT-PCR结果证实,PORA、Cab1R、PsbA的表达量在突变体中均较野生型明显下调。遗传分析结果表明,黄绿叶突变体djyg由一对隐性主效核基因控制,图位克隆确定该候选基因为编码叶绿素合成酶基因YGL1的一个新等位基因。该突变体未影响植株的主要农艺性状,可作为一个理想的表型标记应用于杂交稻育种工作中。     

Morphological Structure and Genetic Mapping of New Leaf-Color Mutant Gene in Rice (Oryza sativa)

Leaf-color mutations are a widely-observed class of mutations, playing an important role in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis and plant chloroplast structure, function, genetics and development. A naturally-occurring leaf-color rice mutant, Baihuaidao 7, was analyzed. Mutant plants typically exhibited a green-white-green leaf-color progression, but this phenotype was only expressed in the presence of a stress signal induced by mechanical scarification such as transplantation. Prior to the appearance of white leaves, mutant plant growth, leaf color, chlorophyll content, and chloroplast ultrastructure appeared to be identical to those of the wild type. After the changeover to white leaf color, an examination of the mutated leaves revealed a decrease in total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content, a reduction in the number of chloroplast grana lamella and grana, and a gradual degradation of the thylakoid lamellas. At maturity, the mutant plant was etiolated and dwarfed compared with wild-type plants. Genetic analysis indicated that the leaf mutant character is controlled by a recessive nuclear gene. Genetic mapping of the mutant gene was performed using an F2 population derived from a Baihuaidao 7 × Jiangxi 1587 cross. The mutant gene was mapped to rice chromosome 11, positioned between InDel markers L59.2-7 and L64.8-11, which are separated by approximately 740.5 kb. The mutant gene is believed to be a new leaf-color mutant gene in rice, and is tentatively designated as gwgl.     

Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping of Light Brown Spotted Leaf Mutant in Rice

A light brown spotted-leaf mutant of rice was isolated from an ethane methyl sulfonate (EMS)- induced IR64 mutant bank. The mutant, designated as lbsl1 (light brown spotted-leaf 1), displayed light brown spot in the whole growth period from the first leaf to the flag leaf under natural summer field conditions. Agronomic traits including plant height, growth duration, number of filled grains per panicle, seed-setting rate and 1000-grain weight of the mutant were significantly affected. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, tentatively named lbsl1(t), which was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 6. By developing simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, the gene was finally delimited to an interval of 130 kb between markers RM586 and RM588. The lbsl1(t) gene is likely a novel rice spotted-leaf gene since no other similar genes have been identified near the chromosomal region. The genetic data and recombination populations provided will facilitate further fine-mapping and cloning of the gene.     

水稻淡绿叶突变体HM133的遗传分析与基因定位

EMS诱导籼稻品种IR64获得淡绿叶突变体HM133。与野生型IR64相比,HM133播种后的第6周和第15周的光合色素含量以及抽穗期的净光合速率显著降低,气孔导度则明显上升;此外,突变体株高、每穗实粒数和结实率等农艺性状也较野生型显著下降。叶绿体超微结构分析表明,分蘖期HM133类囊体基粒片层形状不规则,堆叠凌乱、排列疏松。遗传分析表明HM133淡绿叶性状受单隐性核基因控制。通过分子标记将该基因定位于第3染色体长臂RM143和RM3684之间。该区间内包含编码镁螯合酶D亚基的基因OsCHLD。序列分析表明HM133中该基因第10外显子上有一个从G突变为A的单碱基变异,导致编码的氨基酸由精氨酸变成谷氨酸,推测OsCHLD基因即为控制HM133淡绿叶表型的候选基因。     

水稻显性脆秆突变体Bc18的鉴定和基因定位

从三交组合Ⅱ-32B//协青早B/Dular的F₂群体中获得了1个脆性突变体,整个植株表现全生育期脆性。根据该突变体的表型,将其命名为Bc18(Brittle culm 18)。为了更好地鉴定该突变体,用正常茎秆强度品种中9B作轮回亲本与Bc18杂交,创制了Bc18脆秆近等基因系中脆B和中9B。表型鉴定显示,突变体Bc18在生育期、株高、单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺和产量性状上与野生型中9B 无显著差别,但茎、叶的机械强度分别下降了70.70%和47.16%。细胞壁组分分析表明,突变体Bc18茎、叶的纤维素和木质素含量与野生型中9B 无显著差异,但半纤维素含量分别提高了31.84%和17.35%。6个杂交组合F₂和12个回交BC₁F₁群体的遗传分析证明Bc18 脆性突变由单显性基因控制。采用图位克隆技术,构建了Bc18/02428和Bc18/9311的F₂定位群体,并利用网上公布的SSR标记和新设计的InDel标记,最终将Bc18基因定位在第1染色体长臂端InDel标记PBC22与PBC33之间约154 kb的区间内。     

一个水稻新型叶色突变体的形态结构与遗传定位

 所用水稻叶色突变体为自然突变,并命名为白淮稻7号,其叶色表型为绿 白 绿,且突变表型只有在移栽等因素引起的机械损伤信号胁迫下才会产生。研究结果表明,叶色转白前,突变体生长态势、叶色、叶绿素a含量和叶绿体超显微结构与野生型差异不大;叶色转白后,突变体总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量都显著低于野生型和叶色转白前,而叶绿体中的类囊体逐渐降解,基粒片层减少、基粒数量明显减少,且在成熟后突变体叶色黄化、植株变矮小。遗传分析表明,突变性状由1对隐性核基因控制。以该突变体与江西1587的F2群体为定位群体,将突变基因定位于水稻第11染色体分子标记L59.2 7和L64.8 11之间大约740.5 kb的区间内。认为该突变基因是一个新的水稻叶色突变基因,暂命名为GWGL。     

一个水稻颖壳扭曲突变体的遗传分析与基因定位

 从水稻育种后代材料中获得1个颖壳扭曲突变体Osth (twisted hull)。遗传分析结果表明,该突变性状由单核基因隐性突变造成。以突变体与颖壳正常籼稻R725杂交的F2群体为基因定位群体,利用SSR标记将突变位点定位在第2染色体上的SSR标记RM14128与RM208之间,遗传距离分别为1.4 cM 和2.7 cM。这些结果为该基因的精细定位和克隆以及研究水稻花发育的分子机理奠定了基础。     

水稻斑点叶突变体hm197的鉴定及其基因定位

通过双环氧丁烷 (diepoxybutane)诱变籼稻品种IR64获得遗传稳定的水稻褐色斑点叶突变体hm197。在自然条件下,该突变体褐色斑点自播种后10周开始于叶尖出现,而后慢慢扩散至全叶。遗传分析表明,该褐色斑点性状受一对隐性核基因控制,暂名spl^hm197,并将其定位在第4染色体长臂上140 kb的区段内。与野生型IR64相比,突变体株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状均显著下降。遮光处理表明,hm197褐色斑点的形成受自然光照的诱导。此外,hm197光合色素含量和光合效率也比野生型显著降低。组织化学分析表明,突变体中有过氧化氢和大量超氧阴离子O_{2 ?}的沉积。与IR64相比,hm197叶片中清除氧自由基酶系统中SOD和APX活性极显著上升,其余均极显著下降,同时伴随总可溶蛋白含量下降以及MDA含量上升,hm197表现出早衰迹象。抗病性鉴定表明,与野生型相比突变体对白叶枯病菌的抗性显著增强。     

一个水稻苗期温敏感白色条斑叶突变体的遗传分析及基因定位

通过对粳稻品种嘉花1号60Coγ射线诱变,从M2中筛选出一株低温敏感型白色条斑叶突变体(tws)。它在低温(20℃,24℃)条件下培养时,苗期第3和第4叶表现出白色条斑,而第5叶开始转为正常。低温条件下该突变体白斑叶片叶绿素含量明显下降。该突变体白色条斑叶性状具有温敏感性,且与叶龄相关。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受1对隐性核基因控制,定名为tws(thermo-sensitive white stripe-leaf)基因。以tws突变体与籼稻9311杂交的F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记将该基因定位在第4染色体MM3907和MM3928之间,其物理距离约为86kb。     

水稻短根毛突变体ksrh1的遗传分析和基因定位

从EMS诱变的籼稻品种Kasalath突变体库中筛选获得了一个短根毛突变体,命名为ksrh1。该突变体在苗期表现为根毛变短,除此之外其表型与野生型没有显著差异。遗传分析表明,该突变性状受1个隐性单基因控制。将突变体ksrh1与粳稻品种日本晴杂交构建F2定位群体,利用已公布的水稻SSR标记和自行设计的STS标记对突变位点进行基因定位,最终将KSRH1定位在水稻第1染色体长臂上的S3578和S3584之间,物理距离约为67kb。     

水稻淡褐斑叶突变体lbsl1的遗传分析与基因定位

 通过EMS诱变籼稻品种IR64获得一个稳定遗传的淡褐色斑点叶突变体lbsl1（light brown spotted leaf 1）。在自然条件下,突变体播种后10~14 d,叶片上出现淡褐色斑点,随后逐渐扩散至全叶,第1叶至剑叶上均有淡褐色斑,为全生育期性状。斑点性状的表达对株高、生育期、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状具有显著的影响。遗传分析结果表明,该淡褐色斑点叶性状受一个隐性核基因控制。将突变体lbsl1与正常叶色水稻Morobereken杂交构建F2定位群体,利用SSR标记,最终将该淡褐叶基因lbsl1(t)定位在第6染色体短臂上一个约130 kb的区段上。定位的结果和发展的群体为该基因的进一步精细定位和克隆奠定了基础。     

水稻迟抽穗突变体dth9的遗传分析与基因定位

在EMS诱变的93-11突变体库中筛选到一个稳定遗传的迟抽穗突变体dth9(days to heading 9)。该突变体的抽穗期比野生型延长了50d左右,其他农艺性状基本无异。遗传分析表明迟抽穗性状受一个隐性核基因控制。以突变体dth9与日本晴和武运粳7号杂交构建的F2分离群体作为定位群体,利用SSR标记和新开发的8个InDel标记,将DTH9定位在第9染色体着丝粒附近D9-9和D9-17之间240kb的区间内,该区域尚未发现与抽穗期有关的基因。此外,实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,在突变体dth9中与抽穗期相关基因的表达量显著降低。     

水稻白条纹叶突变体st11的遗传分析与基因定位

白条纹叶突变体st11是从粳稻品种Kitaake组培过程中获得的。该突变体在分蘖前叶色表现为正常,从分蘖期开始新生叶表现为白条纹直至成熟期。与野生型相比,该突变体的分蘖、株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状没有发生明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变体白条纹叶性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用该突变体分别与水稻02428、Jodan杂交构建了两个F2群体用于基因定位。通过集群分离分析(bulked segregant analysis)发现该基因位于第1染色体端粒附近,并与分子标记RM151和RM10080连锁。进一步利用更多分子标记分析F2群体,我们将该基因定位于I10和I26两个标记之间大约270kb的区间内。     

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Novel White Striped Leaf Mutant Gene in Rice

A new white striped leaf mutant wsl1 was discovered from Nipponbare mutated by ethyl methanesulfonate. The mutant showed white striped leaves at the seedling stage and the leaves gradually turned green after the tillering stage. The chlorophyll content of wsl1 was significantly lower than that of wild-type during the fourth leaf stage, tillering stage and booting stage. The numbers of chloroplast, grana and grana lamella were reduced and the thylakoids were degenerated in wsl1 compared with wild type. Genetic analysis showed that the wsl1 was controlled by a single recessive gene. Molecular mapping of the wsl1 was performed using an F₂ population derived from wsl1/Nanjing 11. The wsl1 was finally mapped on the telomere region of chromosome 9 and positioned between simple sequence repeat markers RM23742 and RM23759 which are separated by approximately 486.5 kb. The results may facilitate map-based cloning of wsl1 and understanding of the molecular mechanism of the regulation of leaf-color by WSL1 in rice.     

Salinity-Induced Ultrastructural Alterations in Leaf Cells of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Summary

High concentrations of NaCl significantly reduced the fresh and dry weights and lengths of roots and shoots. NaCl exhibited a more rapid effect in water culture than in soil culture. In both water and solid cultures, root growth was suppressed more severely than shoot growth. Electron microscopic studies revealed that NaCl caused swelling of thylakoids, accumulation of starch grains and lipid droplets, distortion of grana stacking, increase in the size and number of plastoglobuli and vesiculation of cellular membrane. Mitochondria became deficient in cristae, swelled and the matrix appeared pale in salt-treated plants as compared with control plants. Disappearance of nucleolus and nuclear chromatin and destruction of vascular tissues were occasionally observed in salt-treated plants.     

一份水稻OsWOX3B基因敲除突变体的鉴定

[目的]水稻OsWOX3B基因调控叶片形态和表皮毛发育,根据表型被命名为LSY1、DEP、NUDA和GLR1等.深入了解OsWOX3B基因对水稻发育调控的功能具有重要意义.[方法]利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对籼稻品种R401的OsWOX3B进行基因敲除.对所获材料进行突变位点分析和表型分析,同时进行相关基因...