不同品种枸杞产量的对比分析

为了选择出适宜甘肃省中部黄河上游灌区栽培的优良枸杞品种,从宁夏、内蒙古引进了10个枸杞品种并开展栽培对比试验,对各品种2龄幼树全年7次采摘的干果产量进行了方差和产量累进曲线分析。结果表明,品种间产量差异显著;0901、宁杞3号、宁杞4号、宁杞7号、宁杞5号5个品种产量均较对照宁杞1号有所增加,从产量指标上判断,可作为适宜栽培品种。10个品种夏果累进增速均较秋果快;秋果产量是影响总产量排名的主要因素;适宜栽培品种中,宁杞3号秋果产量增速最快,应重视果园秋季管理,以进一步提高产量;宁杞5号秋果产量增速最慢,宁杞7号增速较慢,应主抓夏果的生产;0901、宁杞4号、宁杞1号全年产量增速较平稳,应同时重视夏果、秋果的生产。     

长林3号等油茶品种引种栽培试验初报

从亚林所引种长林3号、4号等5个油茶新品种,栽培6年后,单株产量2.51～4.87kg,比对照提高58.8%～208.2%,且品种间差异显著;冠幅产量1.71%～2.48kg/m2,比对照提高14.0%～65.3%;666.7m2平均产油17.56～34.88kg,比对照提高了114.9%～326.9%。引种的品种与原产地相比,各项经济指标变化不大。长林3号、4号等油茶品种适应性强、丰产稳产、产油高、抗性强,是适合湖北省推广的优良品种。     

天麻原种室内袋式河沙高产栽培技术研究

采用自行研究的室内袋式河沙栽培法与对照湖北山区常规土壤固定菌床窖式栽培法,对天麻原种进行了栽培经济性状的比较。室内河沙栽培的5个月红天麻原种产量达3.64 kg/m2,生产1 kg天麻原种菌材用量仅为1.65 kg,投入产出比为1∶10.2;而对照原种产量0.98 kg/m2,生产1 kg天麻原种菌材用量15.31 kg,投入产出比为1∶4.0。两者相比,提高产量271%,节约菌材9.28倍,投入产出比提高2.55倍。室内袋式河沙栽培的红天麻、乌天麻、乌×红杂交天麻和绿天麻原种与对照相比,室内袋式河沙栽培法生产的原种依品种不同,平均单位粒重提高0.71~4.4倍,最大单粒重提高3.2~4.5倍,可缩短不同品种原种栽培期4~12个月。     

部分野生与栽培牡丹种质资源亲缘关系的RAPD研究

利用RAPD技术对芍药属牡丹组的 11个野生牡丹类群和 12个栽培牡丹品种间的亲缘关系进行了研究。筛选出的 17个单引物和 1个组合引物共扩增出 191条谱带 ,其中 15 3条表现多态性 (占 80 1% ) ,揭示了牡丹组植物丰富的遗传多样性。对扩增结果进行UPGMA聚类分析表明 :革质花盘亚组的野生类群与栽培品种聚为一类 ,革质花盘亚组各野生种与栽培品种间的亲缘关系都比较近。 5个野生种与受试牡丹品种间的平均遗传距离值为 0 4 8～ 0 5 7,与栽培牡丹间亲缘关系从近到远依次为 :杨山牡丹、四川牡丹、卵叶牡丹、紫斑牡丹和矮牡丹。另外 ,本次RAPD试验扩增出的 2 5个特异标记可用于牡丹组内种间、品种间的分类与鉴定。     

枇杷疏花疏果技术及对产量品质影响研究

通过对各参试品种在湘南低山丘陵区红壤土、石灰土、钙质土立地条件下枇杷优质丰产高效栽培技术研究及相关资料的系统分析,提出了枇杷疏花疏果技术要点。并以红壤土上10~14年生太城四号枇杷为材料,系统研究了疏花疏果对枇杷果实产量及品质的影响。结果表明:太城四号枇杷疏花疏果后以每穗留果3~5个为最佳,疏果后平均单果重、单株产量及收益分别比对照提高117%、32%、163%。同时可提高果实的可食率、可溶性固形物含量、含糖量,降低含酸量,有效改善果实品质、口感风味、色泽,大大缩短果实采摘期。     

板栗良种铁粒头,石丰,九家种引种试验

经过在湖南省的小面积引种试验,筛选出表现优良的铁粒头、石丰、九家种3个板栗品种。以湖南省主要农家品种——它栗作对照,进一步进行品比试验,获得了与小面积引种栽培试验基本一致的结果;与此同时,还进行了多点试验,参试品种的丰产性能在不同试验点表现基本一致;历时14年的引种试验证明,这3个品种在湖南省自然条件下生长、结实良好,引种获得了成功。     

武汉地区早钟6号枇杷引种栽培试验初报

枇杷是原产于我国的主要水果之一,多年来在武汉地区只有零星的栽培.枇杷品种多,丰产性好,但适生性的差异显著.为了引入适合武汉地区栽培的枇杷品种,掌握其引种栽培特性和技术措施,于2006年春季引种3年生早钟6号枇杷190株,按株行距为4 m×2 m的密度栽植,建立了引种实验园0.15 hm<'2>,次年挂果,产量为3 00...     

黑龙江省保护地厚皮甜瓜引种比较试验

筛选出适合黑龙江省栽培的优良厚皮甜瓜品种。以厚皮甜瓜品种伊丽莎白为对照品种,引进了6个厚皮甜瓜品种进行栽培适应性试验,经过3年试验,调查分析不同品种的生物学特性、植物学特性、产量和品质等性状。试验表明:特异性厚皮甜瓜品种风味4号在试验点的总体表现优良,它生育期适中、比较早熟;生长势强,坐瓜较早;产量高、品质优良、风味独特、抗病性好;综合性状优于对照品种伊丽莎白和其他品种,比较适合在黑龙江地区棚室栽培。     

天麻一代和多代栽培对比及添加配料试验

天麻无性1代和多代种应用5种栽培方法进行产量比较,天麻无性1代种根据不同栽培方法其产量为3.90～10.35kg/m2,比无性多代分别提高15.77%～51.16%,平均提高27.66%;5种栽培方法以茵材伴栽与培育栽培法最优,平均天麻栽培产量达9.65 ks/m2;3种添加配料以H淀粉增产效果最好,比对照分别增产8.66～16.52%,平均增产12.34%.上述项目内容对比试验,效果显著,对天麻生产具有指导意义和应用推广价值.     

丽江市油橄榄丰产栽培试验研究

在丽江市玉龙县大具乡进行油橄榄丰产栽培试验研究。文中阐述油橄榄的栽植、土壤管理、水肥管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等技术方法。试验结果表明，佛奥、豆果、皮瓜尔3个参试品种的扦插苗（2a生）第三年开始结果，参试品种的单株产量、公顷产量与对照组相比均有较大提高，达到了丰产的效果。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.