罗非鱼出血病病原鉴定及疫苗的研究

从患出血病罗非鱼的血液、肝、脾分离出嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓ ｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌａ）,经动物回归和理化试验鉴定,确诊嗜水气单胞菌为罗非鱼出血病病原;用分离菌制成的饵料吸附型疫苗进行田间试验,免疫组罗非鱼保护率为８７．１％,未免疫组存活率为５９．９％,两组间差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）。     

鲤鱼出血病病原体鉴定及其疫苗

从具有出血症状的鲤鱼肝中分离出一株嗜水气单胞菌,能使实验鲤鱼发生出血症,鉴定为此种疾病的病原,在疾病流行季节中给鲤鱼口服以此株细菌制成的饵料吸附型疫勒后有８８．９％鱼生存,而未服用疫苗的只生存６１．７％。     

鳖出血病病原菌的分离鉴定

海南地区四季无冬、得天独厚的自然条件,使得近年来人工养鳖面积不断扩大,单位面积产量、放养密度逐年提高.与此同时,由于人工养鳖对水质控制,饲养密度,投饲管理欠妥等原因,常引发多种疾病.其中以鳖出血性疾病较为普遍,造成损失较为严重.为了有效控制本病,进行病原体分离鉴定工作.     

罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

北京某鱼场饲养的罗非鱼陆续发病死亡,其体表鳞片局部出血,肝、胰、脾脏肿大坏死,肠腔积水等,从病死及濒死罗非鱼的肝、胰脏中分离到 ４ 株细菌,经形态学、生理生化特性及血清凝集试验,鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌。４ 株细菌均能致死小鼠和鲢鱼。药敏试验表明,４ 株细菌对环丙沙星、蒽诺沙星高度敏感,而对青霉素和红霉素不敏感。     

罗非鱼嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定

１９９８ 年１１ 月份,北京市某温泉鱼场养殖的罗非鱼发生大批死亡,每天死亡达上千斤以上。病死鱼表现：眼眶周边出血,有的眼球突出,背部近鳃盖处出血溃烂,胸鳍基底部出血、糜烂,体表鳞片局部出血。剖检可见胃腺区水肿出血,肠腔积水,重者呈胶冻样,腹腔内有血水,肝胰脏呈土黄色或灰绿色,胆囊肿大,脾脏肿胀并有严重坏死,鳔室内淋巴组织肿大出血。我们从病死鱼及频死鱼肝胰脏中分离到４ 株致病性细菌,４ 株细菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,无荚膜、无芽胞,有动力,需氧兼性厌氧,经 氧化酶、接触酶、七叶苷水解等生化试验,证明它们是嗜水气单胞菌。４ 株细菌中有３株能与免抗鱼嗜水气单胞菌高免血清发生凝集,１ 株不凝集,这可能是该株细菌具有不同的血清型所致。４ 株细菌均能致死小白鼠及鲢鱼,说明它们为致病性细菌。药敏试验表明,４ 株细菌对环丙沙星、蒽诺沙星高度敏感,而对青霉素和红霉素不敏感。临床应用环丙沙星进行治疗,很快使病情得到控制。     

罗非鱼烂尾病病原菌的分离、鉴定及药敏试验

用常规方法对博白县网箱养殖罗非鱼烂尾病的病原菌进行分离,以API 20NE对分离菌株进行生化鉴定、动物人工感染试验确定病原菌,K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果,从患烂尾病罗非鱼的肝脏和腹水中分离到2株革兰氏阴性短杆菌,人工感染试验证实为致病菌;API 20NE生化鉴定结果,2株致病菌均为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)。对先锋噻肟、复达欣、氟苯尼考等14种药物极度敏感,对青霉素G、氨苄青霉素、苯唑青霉素等13种药物不敏感。对该病的防治,建议选用先锋噻肟、复达欣、氟苯尼考等药物。     

嗜水气单胞菌疫苗的检验及免疫效力试验

选用嗜水气单胞菌（Ａｅｒｏｍｏｎａｓｈｙｄｒｏｐｈｉｌｉｃ,Ａｈ）疫苗生产用菌Ｊ－１株,以气升式发酵罐２８℃通气培养２８ｈ,制备嗜水气单胞菌疫苗用菌液。半成品检验表明,该疫苗用菌液内无杂菌生长,细菌数量达２．７×１０１０ｃｆｕ／ｍｌ。以０．４％福尔马林溶液３７℃灭活２４ｈ,制成灭活疫苗。经成品检验,该疫苗为棕黄色液体,涂布平板无活菌生长,以１×１０７ｃｆｕ攻击６尾健康鲫鱼,１周内鲫鱼无异常反应。取该疫苗分别以腹腔注射和浸泡两种方式各免疫１２尾鲫鱼,１月后以同源强毒菌株攻击,疫苗的相对存活率分别为８３．３％和５８．３％。     

罗非鱼套肠病病原菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从疑似套肠病的罗非鱼进行细菌分离,人工感染试验确定病原菌后进行药物敏感性试验。结果,从患套肠罗非鱼的肝脏和心脏共分离到2株病原菌LZLF01和LZLF02,API 20NE鉴定结果,2株病原菌均为嗜水气单胞菌。该病原菌对复达欣、先锋霉素VI、菌必治等21种抗生素敏感,对苯唑青霉素和青霉素G耐药。     

鸭嗜水气单胞菌病的病原鉴定和免疫试验

１流行病学和症状某地区几处养鸭场自１９９０年初发生鸭陆续死亡,曾用鸭肝炎卵黄抗体治疗无效,曾用死鸭脏器制成灭活组织苗使用,收到一定效果。１９９７年９月～１０月,天气仍炎热、渔湖区秋江鸭场又发生２０～４０日龄鸭急性死亡,其主要症状：开始食欲减少,呼吸困...     

鱼嗜水气单胞菌疫苗研究进展

嗜水气单胞菌是一种人兽共患的致病菌,对水产养殖造成巨大危害。己报道的嗜水气单胞菌疫苗有全菌灭活苗、菌体成分亚单位疫苗、减毒活疫苗和DNA疫苗,现分别综述。     

嗜水气单胞菌溶血素A表达、免疫原性及活性检测

根据已发表的嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila,Ah）溶血素A基因序列设计一对特异性引物,以TPS30菌株基因组为模板,通过PCR扩增溶血素A基因,经T-A克隆、序列测定和分析,结果表明,该基因包含1482 bp碱基,编码494个氨基酸。将溶血素A定向克隆至表达载体pET32a（＋）中,构建重组表达质粒pET-THA,在IPTG诱导下成功获得重组表达蛋白His-GroEL,大小为68 kDa。对该质粒在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中的表达特性分析表明,最佳的诱导表达条件为：在0.1 mmol/L的IPTG浓度下,21℃诱导表达3 h。表达的溶血素A蛋白纯化后免疫小鼠,经Western blot检测,表明该蛋白具有免疫原性。对纯化的溶血素A蛋白复性后,进行溶血实验,结果表明该蛋白具有溶血活性。通过本实验的研究,为进一步研究嗜水气单胞菌溶血素的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

ADMINISTRATION OF A VACCINE PREPARED FROM THE AUSTRALIAN V4 STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS BY AEROSOL AND DRINKING WATER

SUMMARY An experimental vaccine containing the avirulent Australian V4 strain of Newcastle disease virus was used to vaccinate 3- or 6-week-old chickens by aerosol and drinking water application. The chickens lacked maternally derived antibody to Newcastle disease virus. When the vaccine virus was diluted in tap water more than 90% of the infectivity was destroyed immediately. The addition of 0.25% skim milk prevented this loss and there was no loss in distilled water. Rates of inactivation at 37°C were similar in tap water and distilled water and were unaffected by the addition of skim milk. Both methods of vaccination resulted in the production of haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies which persisted for at least 8 to 12 weeks. The antibody response to aerosol vaccination was significantly better than that following drinking water vaccination. No clinical disease was induced by exposure to vaccine virus. Serum neutralisation antibodies paralleled those detected by haemagglutination-inhibition in chicks vaccinated once by drinking water. After revaccination through the drinking water, haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies were boosted temporarily while neutralising antibodies were maintained at an enhanced level. From chickens vaccinated by aerosol, Newcastle disease virus was recovered for 10 days from lungs and for 7 days from tracheas and caecal tonsils. Peak viraemia was detected 2 and 3 days after vaccination while both neutralising and haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies became detectable 5 days after vaccination.     

卧龙自然保护区大熊猫粪样菌群的分离鉴定与分布研究

对四川卧龙中国保护大熊猫研究中心 6只不同年龄的健康大熊猫全年粪样内好氧和兼性厌氧菌的数量、种类和分布情况进行了初步研究。研究发现 ,全年粪样所含细菌数在 10 3cfu/g～ 10 7cfu/g之间 ,其中 ,亚成年大熊猫全年粪样含菌量为 7 3× 10 5cfu/g ,成年大熊猫为 7 8× 10 5cfu/g ,老年大熊猫为 2 0× 10 6 cfu/g。粪样中共分离鉴定出 16种细菌 ,优势菌群分别为肠球菌(4 0 2 % ) ,肠杆菌 (36 7% )和乳杆菌 (17 8% )。这些菌株的分离鉴定为研究大熊猫肠道内正常菌群的种类和分布 ,为今后进一步研究野外自然生态环境下大熊猫肠道正常菌群的种类和分布 ,为预防大熊猫感染细菌性疾病和亚成年大熊猫食性转换期食物结构的合理搭配提供了参考资料。     

惠州高尔夫球场天堂草叶疫病菌鉴定及防治药剂的初步筛选

对广东惠州高尔夫球天堂草４１９号的叶疫病进行了病原鉴定及防治药剂的筛选研究,根据病草症状,分离菌培养性状及形态和致病性测定结果,诊断该病出夏威夷双极霉（Ｂｉｐｏｌａｒｉｓｈａｗａｉｉｅｎｓｉｓ）所致,扑海因,特克多,甲基托布津,多菌灵,代森猛锌,好生灵,百菌清等７种药剂的室内毒力测定结果表明,扑海因对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,代森猛锌次之,对病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用则以百菌清最好,代森猛锌次之。     

蓖麻蚕丝胶的溶解特性与组成结构关系的探讨

对蓖麻蚕丝胶的化学组成与聚集态结构进行了研究，认为蓖麻蚕茧丝中丝胶的难溶性与其丝胶包含着丰富的茧丝蜡和单宁物质有密切关系，而蓖麻蚕丝胶分子的聚集态结构的存在形式对其丝胶溶解性关系不大。     

THE DURATION OF OESTRUS AND THE TIME OF OVULATION IN CATTLE OF THREE BREED TYPES WITH AND WITHOUT SYNCHRONISATION OF OESTRUS WITH A PROGESTOGEN

The duration of oestrus and the interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation has been studied in heifers of Brahman x Shorthorn, Hereford, Shorthorn and mixed dairy breeds following treatment with synthetic progesterone (CAP) and during a subsequent cycle. The animals were under observation for 24 hr a day. No significant differences were observed between breeds in either the length of oestrus or the interval to ovulation; nor could a difference be shown within breeds due to treatment with CAP. The mean duration of oestrus was 13.9 ± 0.5 (SE) hr, and the mean interval from onset of oestrus to ovulation was 26.9 ± 0.6 (SE) hr.     

1日龄火鸡新城疫LaSota苗与灭活苗联合接种后的免疫应答

火鸡１日龄时用新城疫ＬａＳｏｔａ苗与油乳剂灭活苗联合免疫后，在７、１４、２１、３５日龄及攻毒后，检测了火鸡免疫器官组织法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺中浆细胞、ＴＡＮＡＥ＋＿数量变化。结果表明：免疫火鸡法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺的浆细胞明显增多，机体体液免疫应答显著增强；胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺中ＴＡＮＡＥ＋也程度不同地增多，细胞免疫应答也明显增强，免疫后６０ｄ，用新城疫苗强毒攻击，免疫火鸡获得了良好的保护。     

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN V4 STRAIN OF NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS AS A VACCINE BY SPRAY, AEROSOL AND DRINKING WATER ADMINISTRATION

SUMMARY An Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus, was evaluated for use as a vaccine following its administration by drinking water, aerosol and spray to chickens at 1 and 21 days of age. Haemagglutination inhbition antibody was produced and persisted for 11 weeks. Aerosol vaccination induced higher levels of haemagglutination inhibition antibody than the other methods of vaccination. No respiratory disease was observed following vaccination. Chickens vaccinated by aerosol and spray were fully protected when challenged at 5, 7 and 11 weeks of age with virulent Newcastle disease virus. Mortality of 10 to 30 per cent was observed in chickens vaccinated by drinking water and intranasally following challenge.