管道泄漏声发射信号的传播特性

对管道泄漏声发射信号进行传播特性研究,可以为工程上进行传感器布设和采集参数确定提供参考依据.介质类型、压力、流量与泄漏孔径对产生的泄漏声发射信号幅值影响较大,对泄漏声发射信号传播衰减规律无影响.泄漏介质为气体时,产生的声发射信号幅值较大;随着压力的增加,泄漏声发射信号幅值增大;随着泄漏孔径的增大,泄漏声发射信号幅值先变大后变小.应用FFT变换和小波包分解等理论方法,分析泄漏声发射信号在传播过程中经过法兰、阀门时的频率变化特征.研究结果表明：泄漏声发射信号经过法兰后,主要引起信号幅值衰减,衰减值为11～15 dB,而信号频率分布变化不大.泄漏声发射信号经过阀门后不仅信号幅值衰减27～35 dB,且信号的高频成分（187.5～312.5 kHz）也出现较大幅度的衰减.     

榫卯结构弯曲破坏时声发射衰减特性与源定位

由于木结构榫卯接合的部位属于隐藏部位,当其发生损伤时,肉眼无法观测。为了准确地预测榫卯结构的健康状况, 可以根据榫卯结构在破坏前,木材所释放出来的声发射能量传播特性进行信息源位置的判定。为此, 本研究提出并验证了木材的声发射信号符合能量衰减规律,并且利用能量衰减模型对榫卯结构的声发射源(破坏源)进行定位。首先,采用直径0.5 mm的铅芯为模拟声发射源,探讨了声发射波在木材中的传播和衰减特性,然后进行了榫卯结构弯曲破坏实验,实验中将目标声发射源限定于两个传感器之间,利用两点定位法确定破坏源的位置, 经比较计算值与实测值较一致。结果表明:基于AE信号能量衰减模型和两点定位法进行榫卯结构的损伤定位,能得到较准确的破坏源位置,而且外界环境对结果的影响较小。      

铝质陶瓷在热应力下裂纹形成及扩展的声发射表征

本文将声发射技术应用于陶瓷材料研究领域，通过由传感器，前置放大器，滤波器，主放大器，信号形成器，时基计数器组成的声发射检测系统，精确地测定了陶瓷材料在热应力作用下裂纹生长，扩展的动态过程；发现陶瓷材料在冷却过程中声发射计数率的峰值约为加热过程的４００倍，陶瓷材料在热应力下微裂纹的形成，生长主要发生在冷却过程中；当晶粒尺寸减小时，材料的微裂纹扩展，蔓延逐渐被抑制在较小的范围内。     

木材表面声发射信号源的三角形定位方法

为了确定木材表面声发射源的发生位置,首先采用高速采集设备设计了基于Lab VIEW的多通道声发射信号采集平台,并采用小波分析方法从原始声发射信号中析取有用信号;然后根据信号传播的时延差确定声发射信号在木材表面的平均传播速率;最后依据基于时差的三角形几何定位原理,提出木材表面声发射信号源定位方法,并通过铅芯模拟声发射源的测试试验加以验证。结果表明该方法能够以较高的精度确定木材表面声发射信号源位置。     

油松树体声发射信号特征研究

为了描述油松木质部空穴化发生、发展和恢复特性,利用声发射技术对自然生长的油松树体进行声发射信号监测,通过声发射仪器探测、记录和分析其声发射信号,系统地研究了其树体木质部空穴化发生的声发射信号特征。结果表明：油松木质部空穴化发生的声发信号为突发性事件,其声发射信号频率在230～270kHz的频谱带上;声发信号在时间序列上...     

煤岩单轴压缩破坏过程声发射试验研究

声发射技术是监测岩石、煤、混凝土等材料破坏过程裂纹扩展的重要技术手段。通过煤岩试样的单轴压缩声发射试验,监测分析了煤岩试样变形破坏过程中的破坏前兆信息;试验对比分析了声发射、应变、荷载的相关性,分析了试样内部裂纹的扩展至破坏全过程的声发射信息。为深入认识煤岩冲击破坏灾害提供必要的数据。为进一步将声发射技术应用于预测预报煤岩动力灾害、评估岩石混凝土结构稳定性及研究岩石混凝土等材料的破裂过程发生机理提供理论依据。     

Spontaneous emission spectrum in double quantum dot devices

A double quantum dot device is a tunable two-level system for electronic energy states. A dc electron current was used to directly measure the rates for elastic and inelastic transitions between the two levels. For inelastic transitions, energy is exchanged with bosonic degrees of freedom in the environment. The inelastic transition rates are well described by the Einstein coefficients, relating absorption with stimulated and spontaneous emission. The most effectively coupled bosons in the specific environment of the semiconductor device used here were acoustic phonons. The experiments demonstrate the importance of vacuum fluctuations in the environment for quantum dot devices and potential design constraints for their use for preparing long-lived quantum states.     

单轴加载下混凝土超声波与声发射联合特性试验研究

本研究通过混凝土试件在单轴向受压下的试验研究,对比了不同强度等级立方体和棱柱体试件对超声波波速的影响,分析超声波及声发射参数随应力的变化关系。试验结果表明:强度等级越高的混凝土超声波波速时间稳定性表现越好;棱柱体超声波稳定性优于立方体试件;在工作应力为极限破坏应力的20%~70%阶段,超声波波速下降缓慢,声发射撞击数增加,能量和振铃计数呈突发式增长;当工作应力大于混凝土的极限破坏应力70%后,超声波波速明显下降,声发射活动急剧增加。提出划分应力阶段对2种检测方法进行分析,为混凝土结构工作应力状态的检测提供参考。     

分子筛吸附净化天然气实验研究

为了减少天然气温室气体排放,保护大气环境,对于小型LNG装置,建议采用分子筛吸附法脱水脱硫,提出了预处理模块化的概念.实验测定了天然气在复合吸附床（3A＋13X分子筛）上的动态透出曲线和分子筛脱硫的透出曲线,采用竞争吸附理论对各吸附模块进行了优化组合与配置.预处理模块的吸附顺序一般为＂先脱水再脱硫最后脱碳＂,而脱附顺序为＂先脱碳再脱硫最后脱水＂.对于不同产地不同气质的天然气,预处理模块化工艺可以适应对各种气源进行液化的苛刻要求.     

Hot and dry deep crustal xenoliths from tibet

Anhydrous metasedimentary and mafic xenoliths entrained in 3-million-year-old shoshonitic lavas of the central Tibetan Plateau record a thermal gradient reaching about 800 degrees to 1000 degrees C at a depth of 30 to 50 kilometers; just before extraction, these same xenoliths were heated as much as 200 degrees C. Although these rocks show that the central Tibetan crust is hot enough to cause even dehydration melting of mica, the absence of hydrous minerals, and the match of our calculated P-wave speeds and Poisson's ratios with seismological observations, argue against the presence of widespread crustal melting.     

K326上部叶烘烤过程失水干燥特性研究

[目的]研究K326上部叶烘烤过程失水干燥特性,为烘烤工艺优化提供理论依据.[方法]以K326上部叶为试验材料,分析烘烤过程中烟叶失水特性、形态变化特性及两者间的相关性.[结果]烘烤过程中,烟叶各部分失水程度表现为叶片>全叶>主脉,叶片失水质量占全叶失水质量比例呈先减小后略有增大再减小的变化趋势,主脉失水质量占全叶失水质量比例呈先增大后略有减小再增大的变化趋势;叶面积收缩率和主脉周长收缩率均随烘烤温度的升高呈逐渐增大趋势;全叶失水程度和主脉失水程度均与主脉周长收缩率呈显著线性正相关(R2>0.9500,下同),叶片失水程度与叶面积收缩率呈显著线性正相关.[结论]烘烤过程中K326上部叶各部分失水特性及形态变化特性不同,可通过主脉形态变化判断密集烘烤过程中烟叶失水程度,进而为烘烤工艺烟叶状态参数优化提供理论参考.     

Pioneer 11 infrared radiometer experiment: the global heat balance of jupiter

Data obtained by the infrared radiometers on the Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 spacecraft, over a large range of emission angles, have indicated an effective temperature for Jupiter of 125 degrees +/- 3 degrees K. The implied ratio of planetary thermal emission to solar energy absorbed is 1.9+/-0.2, a value not significantly different from the earth-based estimate of 2.5+/-0.5.     

Serpentine stability to mantle depths and subduction-related magmatism

Results of high-pressure experiments on samples of hydrated mantle rocks show that the serpentine mineral antigorite is stable to approximately 720 degrees C at 2 gigapascals, to approximately 690 degrees C at 3 gigapascals, and to approximately 620 degrees C at 5 gigapascals. The breakdown of antigorite to forsterite plus enstatite under these conditions produces 13 percent H(2)O by weight to depths of 150 to 200 kilometers in subduction zones. This H(2)O is in an ideal position for ascent into the hotter, overlying mantle where it can cause partial melting in the source region for calc-alkaline magmas at a depth of 100 to 130 kilometers and a temperature of approximately 1300 degrees C. The breakdown of antigorite in hydrated mantle produces an order of magnitude more H(2)O than does the dehydration of altered oceanic crust.     

基于声发射技术的木材害虫信号特征检测

针对木材害虫声发射（AE）信号检测问题,研究杨树木段中麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号波形特征及其信号的能量,为钻蛀害虫声音的监测提出一种新的方法。取一段具有麻点豹天牛幼虫的杨树木段,通过采样频率为500 kHz的2通道木材蠕变声发射信号采集系统采集原始AE信号。对采集到的原始信号滤波后进行小波分解,通过对各层高频信号的分析获取AE信号的频域特征,并对其进行重构与信号解析。结果表明,麻点豹天牛幼虫AE信号的主频主要集中在30 kHz附近,其信号的能量在16:00最高,反映了该幼虫在15:00-16:00较活跃。     

变黄前期失水胁迫对烟叶烘烤特性的影响

[目的]研究变黄前期失水胁迫对烟叶烘烤特性的影响,为烟叶烘烤工艺优化提供理论依据.[方法]以红花大金元中部叶为试验材料,通过对变黄前期烟叶进行不同失水胁迫程度处理,研究其暗箱试验烘烤特性,并探讨其烘烤过程中的水分、色素、淀粉含量变化及烘烤质量.[结果]随着烟叶失水胁迫程度的增加,暗箱中烟叶的变黄时间缩短、变黄指数增大,烟叶变褐时间延长、变褐指数增大,但变褐发生时间提前;随着变黄前期烟叶失水胁迫程度的增加,烘烤过程中烟叶叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和淀粉降解加快,烤后烟叶等级质量有所提高.[结论]变黄前期烟叶失水胁迫可加快烟叶色素和淀粉降解,促进烟叶变黄,改善烟叶烘烤特性.     

Images of Excited H3+ at the Foot of the lo Flux Tube in Jupiter's Atmosphere

The electrodynamic interaction between lo and the Jovian magnetosphere drives currents to and from the planet's ionosphere, where H(3)(+) emission is excited. Direct images of this phenomenon were obtained with the ProtoCAM infrared camera at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's 3-m Infrared Telescope Facility. The emissions are localized to the instantaneous foot of the lo flux tube, approximately 8 degrees equatorward of the more intense auroral H(3)(+) emission associated with higher magnetic latitudes. The foot of the lo flux tube leads that of (undisturbed) model magnetic field lines passing through lo by 15 degrees to 20 degrees in longitude and is less visible in the northern hemisphere at longitudes where the surface magnetic field strength is greatest. These data favor the unipolar inductor model of the lo interaction and provide insight into the source location and generation of Jovian decameter radio emission.     

基于声发射技术的木材损伤过程监测

利用声发射测试和力学实验相结合的方法,研究了东北常见的阔叶材树种山杨在动态载荷下的声发射演变过程.研究发现径向纹理不通直的试件比通直的声发射撞击数要多,而且增加的趋势较快,但是在试件断裂前,声发射撞击数相差不大;随着时间和载荷的变化,声发射撞击数增加快慢可以体现材料在受力条件下的完全弹性、弹性为主和粘性为主的粘弹性共存3种状态;声发射信号的声发射率和上升时间可以预测材料开始断裂进入危险期的和材料大量纤维断裂进入严重危险期的2个“临界点”.     

脱水方式对无核白葡萄酚类代谢及品质的影响

【目的】研究不同脱水干制方式对无核白葡萄干制过程中酚类代谢及品质特性的影响。【方法】以新疆无核白葡萄为材料,采用自然荫干和烘箱干制2种干制处理,以质量每减轻10%进行取样,测定不同干制方式脱水过程中果实的苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)含量、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(C₄H)、4-香豆-辅酶A连接酶(4CL)、类黄酮以及总酚含量的变化。【结果】自然荫干和烘箱干制在质量损失率0~60%的干燥过程中均能降低总酚和类黄酮的含量,自然荫干处理在质量损失率为15%之内增强了PAL酶的活性;自然荫干和烘箱干制处理都能不同程度的增强C₄H、4CL酶的活性。【结论】通过对无核白葡萄在两种脱水处理干制过程中的褐变度与酚类物质的关系进行研究,可知热风干制处理对无核白葡萄的褐变有着一定的抑制作用。     

Peruvian desert mice: water independence, competition, and breeding cycle near the Equator

The native mouse of the Peruvian coastal desert, near latitude 6 degrees S, can survive on dry seed without drinking water, it bears young in winter, and it burrows in sand. House mice (which abound in other adjoining deserts) also tolerate dehydration, and in some areas may displace the native mice.     

Infrared speckle observations of io: an eruption in the loki region

Speckle observations of Jupiter's satellite Io at a wavelength of 5 micrometers during July 1984 resolved the disk and showed emission from a hot spot in the Loki region. The hot spot contributed a flux approximately equal to 60 percent of that from the disk. Images reconstructed by means of the Knox-Thompson algorithm showed the spot moving across the disk as the satellite rotated. It was located at 301 degrees +/- 6 degrees west longitude, 10 degrees +/- 6 degrees north latitude, and had a radiance of (2.96 +/- 0.54) x 10(22) ergs sec(-1) cm(-1) sr(-1)/A where A is the area of the spot. For an assumed temperature of 400 K, the area of the source would be 11,400 square kilometers. An active "lava lake" similar to that seen by Voyager may be the source of the infrared emission.