固体发酵裂褶菌多糖提取方法比较

用热水、超声及微波法提取裂褶菌固体发酵基质中的裂褶菌多糖,研究了超声与微波提取工艺条件,并比较了3种提取方法下多糖的提取率及平均相对分子质量。结果表明,微波提取法效果最好,在微波功率3.5W/ml、作用时间8min、料水比1∶20条件下,多糖得率达到12.32%（g/100g干基）,分别较热水提取、超声提取法增加了70...     

微波辅助提取仙人掌多糖的工艺研究

该文采用微波辅助法提取米邦塔仙人掌多糖，并与热回流提取方法进行比较。通过设计正交试验，得出优化的工艺条件：以水为提取剂，料液比1∶10(w/v)，提取2次，每次提取3 min，微波炉功率700 W，选用70%乙醇沉淀。微波提取粗多糖的得率和含量分别为6.8%和8.5%，高于热回流提取粗多糖的得率4.7%和含量8.3%。微波提取不仅缩短了提取时间，降低提取剂用量，而且提高了仙人掌多糖得率。     

微波在党参多糖的提取技术上的应用研究

以党参为原料,与常规水提法为参照,研究微波对党参多糖提取率、效果和结构的影响,并在此基础上研究出经微波处理的党参多糖提取工艺和条件,解决目前水提法因沸水处理时间长而导致多糖生理功能下降的负面影响.以微波的功率、提取时间、料液比作为影响因素进行了正交实验设计,研究党参多糖提取率,并采用红外线扫描对党参多糖的结构进行了分析,用硫酸-蒽酮法对所提多糖含量进行了测定.确定了微波提取党参多糖的最佳提取方案小火(所设置的最高档位),20min,料液比125,最高得率33.7%,仅比经过3h水提后的多糖得率低2.3%.该方法节能、省时,微波提取与水提相比对结构未产生影响.     

党参多糖的提取分离及其抗氧化性研究进展

党参是一种传统的中药材,其多糖成分被广泛研究并被认为具有多种生物活性。本文综述了党参多糖的提取分离方法及其抗氧化性的研究进展。党参多糖的提取方法包括传统的水煎法、醇沉法、酸碱法以及现代的超声波辅助提取法、微波辅助提取法、高压萃取法等,分离常用的有薄层色谱法、高效液相色谱法、凝胶过滤层析法和透析法这4种技术。而党参多糖的抗氧化性主要通过体外实验方法 （包括DPPH自由基清除法、 ABTS自由基清除法、过氧化氢清除法等）进行评价,其抗氧化性主要表现在清除自由基、抑制氧化酶活性、提高抗氧化酶活性等方面。     

射频辅助提取香菇柄多糖

探讨射频技术在香菇柄多糖提取中的应用,优化了射频辅助提取香菇柄多糖的工艺,并与传统水提法、超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法进行了比较。采用Draper-Lin中心组合设计和全因素中心组合设计对影响射频提取的处理时间、料液比、作用温度、预浸泡时间进行了筛选和优化。优化结果为:射频处理5.2min,作用温度(82.6±3)℃,料液比1:40(5g:200mL),预浸泡时间20min。在此条件下,香菇柄多糖提取率达到43.1mg/g。与传统水提法、超声波辅助提取法和微波辅助提取法相比,得率分别提高了94.1%,40.8%和5.38%;与传统水提法相比,多糖纯度有所提高(42.8%→46.7%),提取时间也大大缩短(6h→5.2min)。     

超声波结合微波辅助提取米糠多糖的研究

采用超声波技术及微波技术联合应用辅助处理脱脂米糠,提取其中的米糠多糖,研究了超声波处理时间、微波处理时间以及料液比对米糠多糖提取率的影响.并与传统的热水浸提法进行比较,结果表明:微波处理时间及超声波处理时间两个因素对多糖提取率有明显影响,料液比的影响较小,根据实验数据确定出最佳的处理方法,即超声处理30min,微波处理3min,料液比为1∶15时效果最好,此时米糠多糖的提取率为1.55％,与传统的热水浸提法(1.12％)相比,提取率提高了38.4％,同时可以显著缩短提取时间.     

超声波-内部沸腾法提取杏鲍菇多糖的工艺优化

为了提高杏鲍菇多糖得率,推动杏鲍菇产业发展,利用响应面法对杏鲍菇多糖的超声波-内部沸腾法提取工艺进行优化,建立了乙醇浓度、液料比、提取时间、提取温度和超声波功率的五因素回归模型,并对模型的有效性与因子间的交互作用进行分析。结果表明,杏鲍菇多糖提取最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度47%、液料比23 m L·g-1、提取时间8min、提取温度90℃、超声波功率475W,在此条件下杏鲍菇多糖得率可达11.05%。该方法能有效提高杏鲍菇多糖得率、缩短提取时间、提高提取效率,为进一步开发杏鲍菇多糖功能营养食品提供了一定的技术依据。     

杏鲍菇深加工残渣多糖酶法微波辅助提取工艺优化

为了研究杏鲍菇残渣中多糖的酶处理-微波辅助提取工艺及生物活性,该文以杏鲍菇深加工后的残渣为原料,在纤维素酶处理的基础上,微波辅助法提取杏鲍菇多糖;利用响应面试验设计对提取工艺条件进行优化,并与传统热水提取方法进行比较;对杏鲍菇多糖进行抗氧化和抑菌活性评价。结果表明,微波辅助提取杏鲍菇多糖的较佳条件为:水料比35∶1 m L/g,提取时间15 min,微波功率570 W,此条件下多糖的提取率为12.11%±1.02%,比热水提取高出41.21%,且提取时间缩短了105 min。杏鲍菇多糖对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基、羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基具有一定的清除作用,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为22.9、19和21.1 mg/m L,对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑制作用,其最低抑制质量浓度分别为8、16和16 mg/m L,对黑曲霉和酿酒酵母没有明显的抑制作用。研究结果为进一步开发杏鲍菇多糖功能和利用杏鲍菇残渣提供一定的技术依据。     

超微细菌Glaciecola多糖的超声提取工艺研究

多糖已作为免疫药物，应用于心血管疾病的临床治疗。研究了超微细菌Glaciecola多糖适宜的提取方法。通过研究常规水浸提法中不同料液比、提取温度和时间对细菌多糖得率、黏度和表面张力的影响，以及超声提取对多糖得率、黏度和表面张力的影响，结果表明：提取时间对多糖得率和多糖黏度均存在着显著的影响(p<0.05)，细菌多糖的适宜提取条件为料水比1∶15，提取温度在100℃左右，提取时间4～6 h。超声强化处理能显著提高超微细菌多糖的得率，降低提取液的表面张力(p<0.05)，超声强化处理后提取2 h的多糖得率，可达未处理前提取6 h的水平；超声提取条件以选择10～15 min、100 W功率，提取4 h为宜。超微细菌Glaciecola多糖的得率可达8.82%。     

脉冲放电等离子体技术提取黑木耳多糖

为寻求一种新型的活性成分提取方法,该文使用脉冲放电等离子体提取黑木耳多糖,以脉冲放电电压、液料比及处理时间作为影响因素,使用响应面法进行条件优化。结果表明,脉冲放电等离子体可以有效提取活性成分,最佳提取工艺参数为: 脉冲放电电压为40.3 kV,液料比为1︰40.5,处理时间为4.1 min,多糖得率达8.80%,其中处理时间对得率的影响程度最大。与传统提取方法相比,脉冲放电等离子体技术具有时间短、耗能低、提取率高等优点。该研究表明脉冲放电等离子体技术用于黑木耳多糖提取是可行的,并且为脉冲放电等离子体技术用于活性成分提取提供一定的理论依据。     

微波辅助提取葡萄皮中花色苷的动力学和热力学特性

为拓展微波辅助提取技术在食品工业领域的应用,研究了微波辅助技术对提取葡萄皮中花色苷的作用,并对其动力学和热力学进行了评价。结果表明：柠檬酸浓度、液料比、提取时间和微波功率可以显著影响总花色苷提取率。采用高浓度柠檬酸水溶液（1.00?mol/L）提取的总花色苷含量（172.99?mg/100?g）是低浓度柠檬酸水溶液（0.02?mol/L）提取的总花色苷含量（43.48?mg/100?g）的4倍。此外,在实验选取的动力学模型中,指数衰减模型可以更好的拟合提取动力学数据（R2＞0.9875）。微波辅助提取葡萄皮中花色苷的有效扩散系数（2.12～4.87×10-11?m2/s）随着微波功率的增加而增大。微波辅助提取过程的热力学参数表明微波提取方式有利于传质过程。所得研究结果将为微波辅助提取技术的工业化应用提供理论依据。     

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction for the characterization of olive leaf phenolic compounds by using HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS/IT-MS(2)

In the present work, a simple and rapid method for the extraction of phenolic compounds from olive leaves, using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique, has been developed. The experimental variables that affect the MAE process, such as the solvent type and composition, microwave temperature, and extraction time, were optimized using a univariate method. The obtained extracts were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-IT-MS(2)) to prove the MAE extraction efficiency. The optimal MAE conditions were methanol:water (80:20, v/v) as extracting solvent, at a temperature equal to 80 °C for 6 min. Under these conditions, several phenolic compounds could be characterized by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(2). As compared to the conventional method, MAE can be used as an alternative extraction method for the characterization of phenolic compounds from olive leaves due to its efficiency and speed.     

Antioxidant activity of extracts of black sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Antioxidant activities of extracts derived from sesame seed by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction and by n-hexane were determined using alpha,alpha-diphenyl-beta-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and linoleic acid system methods. The highest extracted yield was given at 35 degrees C, 40 MPa, and a CO(2) flow rate of 2.5 mL min(-1) by an orthogonal experiment. The yields of extracts increased with increasing pressure, and yields at 40 and 30 MPa were higher than that by solvent extraction at 46.50%. Results from the linoleic acid system showed that the antioxidant activity follows the order: extract at 35 degrees C, 20 MPa > BHT > extract at 55 degrees C, 40 MPa > extract at 55 degrees C, 30 MPa > Trolox > solvent extraction > alpha-tocopherol. The SC-CO(2) extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities comparable to that by n-hexane extraction. The extracts at 30 MPa presented the highest antioxidant activities assessed in the DPPH method. At 20 MPa, the EC(50) increased with temperature, which indicated that the antioxidant activity was decreased in a temperature-dependent manner. The significant differences of antioxidant activities were found between the extracts by SC-CO(2) extraction and n-hexane. However, no significant differences were exhibited among the extracts by SC-CO(2) extraction. The vitamin E concentrations were also significantly higher in SC-CO(2) extracts than in n-hexane extracts, and its concentrations in extracts corresponded with the antioxidant activity of extracts.     

马铃薯茎叶挥发性成分的两种提取方法比较

应用水蒸气蒸馏-溶剂萃取法和微波辅助-溶剂萃取法提取了成熟期马铃薯茎叶挥发性成分。用乙醚为萃取溶剂的水蒸气蒸馏法提取时,以0.533%（m/m）得油率获得精油;以正己烷为溶剂的微波辅助萃取法的最适提取条件为：温度60℃,时间9 min,液料比10︰1（V/m）,在此条件下的得油率为0.528%（m/m）。用GC-MS分析检测出水蒸气蒸馏法获得的精油含有81个成分,解析鉴定出占精油相对含量79.386%的43种物质,醇类化合物（24.789%）为主要成分;微波法获得的精油检测出78个成分,解析鉴定出占总精油82.226%的36种成分,酯类化合物（44.482%）为主要成分。2种提取方法获得的精油成分有很大的差别。     

微波辅助提取黄皮果肉果胶工艺参数优化

为优化微波辅助提取黄皮果肉中果胶的工艺,采用均匀设计法,考察了微波功率、提取时间、液料比及提取液pH值4个因子对黄皮果胶得率的影响。利用SAS软件对试验数据进行模型拟合和回归分析,确定提取时间和液料比是影响果胶得率的重要因子,并最终获得微波辅助提取黄皮果胶的最优工艺参数为:微波功率600W,提取时间8min,液料比24:1mL/g,提取液pH值2.0。在此条件下果胶得率为3.59%。通过对果胶基本特性的测定分析,该工艺提取的黄皮果胶品质基本符合国家标准,可为黄皮果胶提取的工业化放大提供参考。     

红叶李花中总黄酮提取工艺及抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性研究

为进一步开发红叶李资源,筛选其活性成分,通过比较水煮沸、醇回流、超声、微波、闪式、超临界CO_2(SFE-CO_2)、复合酶酶解等提取方法对红叶李花中总黄酮含量的影响和对α-葡萄糖苷酶活性的抑制效果,确定最佳提取方法,并通过单因素试验和响应面法优选提取工艺。结果表明,复合酶酶解联合SFE-CO_2萃取工艺提取效率和生物活性最佳,SFE-CO_2萃取的总黄酮对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率达到96.09%,IC50为12.16μg·m L-1。最佳提取工艺为:酶解温度30℃,酶解时间3.5 h,酶用量0.10%,萃取压力30 MPa,乙醇浓度85%,萃取温度45℃,萃取时间60 min。此条件下的总黄酮得率为11.55%。本研究结果为红叶李花中总黄酮的开发与利用提供了技术参考。     

Extractability,Structure and Molecular Weight of β‐Glucan from Canadian Rye (Secale cereale L.) Whole Meal

Oat and barley (1→3)(1→4)‐β‐d ‐glucans (β‐glucan) are readily extracted by hot water but rye β‐glucan is resistant to such extraction. This poor extractability might be due to entrapment within a matrix of arabinoxylan (AX) cross‐linked through phenolic constituents. AX are the major nonstarch polysaccharides of the rye kernel. In this study, several approaches were compared in an effort to determine optimum conditions for extraction of high yields, high molecular weight (MW), and high purity of β‐glucan from Canadian rye whole meal. Variables investigated included sodium hydroxide concentrations, extraction time, sample prehydration, extraction under low temperature, and prior extraction of AX with barium hydroxide. There was a linear relationship between the strength of NaOH and amount of β‐glucan extracted and because MW was essentially the same up to 1.0N NaOH, this extraction agent, at room temperature for 90 min, was selected to isolate rye β‐glucan. The β‐glucan was then purified and structure and molecular weight distribution studied.     

Mechanochemical-assisted extraction and antioxidant activities of kaempferol glycosides from Camellia oleifera Abel. meal

A mechanochemical-assisted extraction (MCAE) method was proposed and investigated for the fast extraction of two kaempferol glycosides (kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-3-O-[2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside) from Camellia oleifera Abel. meal. The effects of operating parameters in terms of NaOH content, grinding time, extraction time, and ratio of solution to solid were evaluated by means of response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions with a ratio of material to NaOH of 20:1 (g/g), a milling time of 15 min, and a ratio of solution to solid of 20:1 (mL/g) for 60 min, the maximum extraction yields of the two kaempferol glycosides reached 13.34 and 13.83%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of kaempferol glycosides extract was assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) assay. Compared with the heat reflux extraction (HRE) method, the yield and the antioxidant activities of the extracts from MCAE with water as solvent were higher and stronger.