p53 mutations in human cancers

Mutations in the evolutionarily conserved codons of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are common in diverse types of human cancer. The p53 mutational spectrum differs among cancers of the colon, lung, esophagus, breast, liver, brain, reticuloendothelial tissues, and hemopoietic tissues. Analysis of these mutations can provide clues to the etiology of these diverse tumors and to the function of specific regions of p53. Transitions predominate in colon, brain, and lymphoid malignancies, whereas G:C to T:A transversions are the most frequent substitutions observed in cancers of the lung and liver. Mutations at A:T base pairs are seen more frequently in esophageal carcinomas than in other solid tumors. Most transitions in colorectal carcinomas, brain tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas are at CpG dinucleotide mutational hot spots. G to T transversions in lung, breast, and esophageal carcinomas are dispersed among numerous codons. In liver tumors in persons from geographic areas in which both aflatoxin B1 and hepatitis B virus are cancer risk factors, most mutations are at one nucleotide pair of codon 249. These differences may reflect the etiological contributions of both exogenous and endogenous factors to human carcinogenesis.     

Parasexual cycle in cultivated human somatic cells

Somatic segregation for three different autosomes was demonstrated in two strains of human diploid fibroblasts derived from subjects known to be heterozygous for chromosomal variants. Recombinant diploid cells appeared within cultures of tetraploid clones isolted from mass cultures. Tetraploid cells regularly occur in mass cultures and within clones of diploid cells. Such a parasexual cycle (2n-->4n-->2n), with recombination of entire linkage groups, could from the basis of a beginning formal genetic analysis in man.     

Isolation of human transcribed sequences from human-rodent somatic cell hybrids

A method was developed for selectively isolating genes from localized regions of the human genome that are contained in interspecific hybrid cells. Complementary human DNA was prepared from a human-rodent somatic cell hybrid that contained less than 1% human DNA, by using consensus 5' intron splice sequences as primers. These primers would select immature, unspliced messenger RNA (still retaining species-specific repeat sequences) as templates. Screening a derived complementary DNA library for human repeat sequences resulted in the isolation of human clones at the anticipated frequency with characteristics expected of exons of transcribed human genes--single copy sequences that hybridized to discrete bands on Northern (RNA) blots.     

人乳腺良恶性病变组织中端粒酶活性的检测

目的：探讨端粒酶活性与人乳腺良、恶性病变组织之间的关系。方法：用ＴＲＡＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测法,对１５例乳腺良性病变和７种乳腺癌组织进行端粒酶活性水平检测。结果：７例乳腺浸润性导管癌中,５例端粒酶阳性,而１５例乳腺良性疾病中仅２例端粒酶阳性,两组差异有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）。此外,有淋巴结转移与无淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中端粒酶活性水平差异无显著性（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：端粒酶的激活在人类乳腺癌的发生过     

Induced pluripotent stem cell lines derived from human somatic cells

Somatic cell nuclear transfer allows trans-acting factors present in the mammalian oocyte to reprogram somatic cell nuclei to an undifferentiated state. We show that four factors (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28) are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells. These induced pluripotent human stem cells have normal karyotypes, express telomerase activity, express cell surface markers and genes that characterize human ES cells, and maintain the developmental potential to differentiate into advanced derivatives of all three primary germ layers. Such induced pluripotent human cell lines should be useful in the production of new disease models and in drug development, as well as for applications in transplantation medicine, once technical limitations (for example, mutation through viral integration) are eliminated.     

景墙在景观环境中的功能属性

通过挖掘景墙在景观环境中的功能,阐述了相应功能的表达方式,列举了相关场所对景墙的功能要求。     

巴蜀传统园林中植物造景对现代园林的借鉴研究

分析了巴蜀园林的特点,强调了其与北方园林和南方园林明显不同的大众性,以及拥有景自天成的自然精髓和朴质之美的人文精神。探究了巴蜀园林的植物配置,结合中国传统文化,挖掘了园林深藏的意境美。在此基础上,重点探讨了巴蜀园林对现代园林的借鉴意义。     

An in vivo model of somatic cell gene therapy for human severe combined immunodeficiency.

Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) results in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a candidate genetic disorder for somatic cell gene therapy. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients affected by ADA- SCID were transduced with a retroviral vector for human ADA and injected into immunodeficient mice. Long-term survival of vector-transduced human cells was demonstrated in recipient animals. Expression of vector-derived ADA restored immune functions, as indicated by the presence in reconstituted animals of human immunoglobulin and antigen-specific T cells. Retroviral vector gene transfer, therefore, is necessary and sufficient for development of specific immune functions in vivo and has therapeutic potential to correct this lethal immunodeficiency.     

解构城市园林绿化中的乡土景观

通过对乡土景观的研究、探析,并结合环境学、管理学等内容,解决城市绿化过程中的乡土景观配置问题并得出常规性的规律,为中小型城市的城市绿化规划提供借鉴与指导.     

解构城市园林绿化中的乡土景观

通过对乡土景观的研究、探析,并结合环境学、管理学等内容,解决城市绿化过程中的乡土景观配置问题并得出常规性的规律,为中小型城市的城市绿化规划提供借鉴与指导。     

对极简主义园林在中国现代景观设计中发展空间的思考

介绍极简主义和极简主义园林的内涵及其在西方的发展情况.并结合中国园林的特点及发展现状,探讨极简主义园林在中国的发展空间,为中国园林的发展开拓视野.     

乡土景观在高校景观营造中的运用——山东交通学院长清校区景观设计解析

在充分认识高校乡土景观基础上,分析了乡土景观在高校景观营造中存在的问题,然后通过对山东交通学院长清校区景观设计的解析,探讨了在高校景观设计中,如何分析利用基地条件和提取、传承景观资源,塑造具有乡土特色的校园环境。最后从实践层面总结了乡土景观在高校景观设计中的应用,以期为今后的校园景观建设提供借鉴和指导。     

山石景观艺术在现代园林中的发展

从中国传统园林山石景石艺术形式出发,分析现代园林绿地中置石艺术景观应用现状及发展方向,探讨了新环境下山石景观艺术形态的创作思路,为现代园林空间中山石应用研究提供新的方向.