两个新籼稻光温敏核不育系的育性转换特性研究

为了研究新育成的水稻光温敏雄性不育系H61S、H69S的育性转换特性,于2005~2006年在湛江进行了分期播种试验和人工控制光温试验,结果表明：（1）温度是引起两个光温敏不育系育性转换的最主要的原因,光照时数对不育系育性影响不显著。（2）H61S、H69S的育性温度敏感期分别为抽穗前19~10d和20~10d,最敏感期均为抽穗前17~13d,与对照培矮64相似。（3）当不育系由不育转为可育,可育花粉率达1%时,H61S、H69S和对照培矮64S的育性转换临界温度分别为24.2℃、25.3℃、26.1℃。（4）两个不育系在湛江自然播种条件下都有较长的稳定不育期和较高的自交结实率,育性转换期均比对照培矮64S短,可以安全制种,也可繁殖,但适宜繁殖的抽穗期范围窄。     

不同世代温敏核不育水稻96-5-2S育性对低温的反应

为了探讨水稻光温敏核不育系临界温度遗传稳定性问题，以连续6个世代的温敏核不育水稻96-5-2S（从培矮64S中选育出的新株系）为材料，研究了它们育性对低温的反应差异。结果表明,(1)在它们育性转换敏感期用23.5℃恒温冷水处理10 d(水深20 cm左右)或遇到2～3 d平均日均温22.9～23.1℃(平均日最低温21.7～22.0℃)的自然低温时，所有世代的96-5-2S均表现不育, 自交结实率为0, 花粉可染率为0～0.9%，世代间差异不显著;(2)在它们育性转换敏感期用21℃、22℃恒温冷水处理10 d或遇到4 d平均日均温22.9℃(平均日最低温20.7℃)的自然低温时，所有世代的96-5-2S均表现可育, 自交结实率为0.2%～7.1%,花粉可染率为1.1%～19.5%，世代间存在差异,随繁殖世代增加,花粉可染率与自交结实率有逐渐上升的趋势,当繁殖到第5代时，花粉可染率显著提高，当繁殖到第6代时，自交结实率显著提高。(3)对照培矮64S（05株系）在相同低温条件下，花粉可染率与自交结实率均极显著高于各世代的96-5-2S。以上结果说明, 随繁殖世代增加,96-5-2S的临界温度会发生缓慢的遗传漂移，到第5、6代时，就会在花粉与结实水平上明显表现出来，但不同世代间临界温度的差异小于不同株系（96-5-2S与培矮64S-05株系）间临界温度的差异，据此认为，通过单株选择是降低光温敏核不育系临界温度的重要途径。     

一个超低临界温度温敏核不育系的选育

以在高海拔地区进行育性转换彻底性鉴定为特点，通过诱变、花药组织培养育成超低临界温度温敏型水稻不育系。实现了花粉育性双向彻底转换——在制种基地“终年不育”，同时在繁殖基地像常规稻一样自交结实。     

D2型细胞质光敏雄性不育小麦的初步研究

通过春季在田间分期播种,冬季在温室中不补光种植,研究了具有D2型细胞质(胞质供体为粗厚山羊草Ae.crassa)的Norin 26异质系在呼和浩特自然光生长条件下的育性表现.结果表明:(1)不同播期的Norin 26异质系在田间的不育株率均达到了100%;不育性在形态上表现为雄蕊心皮化.(2)三个播期的自交结实率分别为:3月28日播种的为40.85%(半不育),4月7日播种的为18.72%(高不育),4月17日播种的为0(全不育).(3)冬季不补光种植在温室中的Norin 26异质系的育性及自交结实均表现正常.     

海南气候条件对北方粳型水稻两用核不育系繁种的影响

两系不育系的繁种是两系杂交水稻生产研究的重要环节。通过4个北方粳型两用核不育系在海南不同年份间的育性表现,研究不同光温背景对不育系育性转换及表达的影响,结果表明,不育系育性转换受光周期和温度的共同作用,其中温度条件在一定程度上影响着育性恢复程度,在育性敏感期间,适时低温有利于不育系自交结实率提高,而高温对自交结实不利。针对海南地区的生态条件,选育临界温度适当、光温互补性强的不育系类型,以降低繁殖风险。     

实用新型水稻温敏核不育系兴86S选育及应用

<正>水稻温敏核不育系兴86S是华茂高科种业有限公司育成的新型实用两系不育系。该不育系为无花粉型,败育彻底,日均温21℃低温需持续7d以上方转为可育,稳定不育期长,能较好保证制种的安全性;株型密集、穗大粒多、自交及异交结实率高、易繁易制。目前使用该不育系已选配出多个组合参加区域性试验。于2015年6月通过广东省农作物品种鉴定。1选育过程1.1杂交亲本的来源兴86S是用广东省农科院水稻研究所育成的光温敏核不育系GD-1S与云南引进材料ML933进行测交选育而成。母本GD-1S株型集散适中,     

光敏核不育水稻在热带稻区的育性转换特性与利用研究

选用来自全国不同育种单位的各种类型光温敏核不育水稻材料，在海南省进行周年播种，对育性转换进行观测。试验表明，育性转换不同光温反应类型的品系在海南的育性转换存在很大差异，而同类不育系则表现了相同的转换趋势，其中育性转换可育上限温度高的高一低高型不育系在海南有明显的育性转换。由此，作者提出，低一低型和低一高型不育系在海南可以作为不育系用于水稻杂处优势利用，低一低型不育系可以考虑在海南繁殖，在海南冬繁时     

应用基因型与播期互作效应分析水稻光温敏核不育系对光周期和温度的育性敏感性

应用AMMI模型、线性回归模型和系统聚类分析方法分析了9个水稻光温敏核不育系和2个对照不育系(培矮64,浙农大11S),在9个播期环境下花粉和种子育性的变化动态。从AMMI两维图可直观看到基因型与播期的交互模式,根据最大互作效应主成分轴IPCA1值和花粉育性平均值将不育系分成3个集团。第1集团是培矮64(1),浙大21S（10）和浙大22S（11）,具有较低花粉育性平均值和较高IPCA1值,表明它们对温度变化比较敏感,且有较大的负向互作效应。第2集团是浙农大11S（2）、浙大4S（3）、浙大7S（6）、浙大8S（7）和浙大9S（8）,其花粉育种平均值和互作值相对较低,变动在0.013-0.276间,暗示花粉育性对播期敏感度低。第3集团是浙大6S（5）和浙大10S（9）,花粉育性平均值高,互作效应大,该2个不育系尚有分离,且花粉育性对播期反映敏感度高。对光敏型和温敏型不育系而言,基因型IPCA值大小主要反映它们对光周期和温度敏感性强弱。花粉和种子育性在基因型、播期及其互作效应上都存在极显著差异。本文还提出利用育性相对稳定性的定量指标D_i界定光温敏核不育的育性稳定性,分析表明,Di值与育种实践结果较为接近。基于AMMI模型的基因型主效应和互作效应分析可以明确划分不育系的不育期、育性转换期和可育期,并将水稻光敏型温敏型不育系区分开,因而该模型可为不育系应用于种子生产提供信息和依据。     

披叶标记水稻温敏核不育系G156S的选育

G156S是具有披叶性状标记的水稻温敏核不育系,农艺性状一致,不育性稳定,育性转换起点温度低(≤23.5℃),育性转换明显,在贵阳生态条件下具有连续17 d的稳定不育期.2005年8月通过贵州省技术鉴定,其不育株率、自交不育度、花粉败育率均达100%.由于具有标记性状,在种子生产过程中,有利于除杂保纯和提高种子纯度,同时,在田间可以对杂交种纯度作出快速鉴定.     

反向核不育水稻育性研究

利用超低能氮离子束对籼型品系99-02进行诱变处理,在其后代中筛选到育性转换特性特殊的核不育水稻FHS,为了详细考察其育性及育性转换条件,该文通过分期播种并结合光温处理,对FHS育性进行了研究,结果表明,在郑州地区,7月底到8月上旬育性稳定,为可育期;8月中旬到8月下旬可染率和自交结实率均低,部分可育,为育性转换期;8月下旬后可染率和自交结实率均为零,完全不育。结合气象资料和光温处理实验数据,得出FHS可育临界温度为27~28℃,不育临界温度为23~24℃。     

一种普通小麦光温敏不育系的发现及初步研究

291S是笔者在普通小麦新品系西农291中发现的自然突变的雄性不育材料。本研究对291S的育性转换特性、雄性败育特点及不育性的遗传规律进行了初步分析。分期播种试验表明,291S是一种光温敏雄性不育系,秋播短日低温条件下表现为部分可育,春播长日高温条件下表现为高度不育,其可繁性和不育性经选择可以得到有效改良。291S在一定的光温条件诱导下会出现雄蕊心皮化现象。花粉粒I2-KI染色发现,291S在不育阶段花粉败育类型以圆败为主。遗传分析表明,291S可能为隐性核不育类型,其不育性由一对主效基因控制,还受到微效基因的修饰作用。291S类型的光温敏不育材料在两系法杂交小麦育种上具有良好的应用前景。     

雄性不育小麦BS210育性转换特性

二系法杂交小麦属我国原创性成果,温光敏雄性不育小麦是二系法杂交小麦应用的核心。BS210是本课题组选育的小麦雄性不育材料,2012—2014年通过3个生态区分期播种试验和人工气候箱温光调控试验,研究了BS210的育性转换特性。在不育制种生态区,适期播种条件下,BS210的不育度可达95%~100%,其安全制种播种时期为安徽阜阳9月30日至10月10日、云南丽江9月30日;在可育繁种生态区,晚播条件下,BS210的自交结实率可达70%以上,其安全繁种播种时期为北京海淀11月10日、北京顺义9月30日至11月10日。BS210以温度敏感为主,光照时长对BS210育性影响较小,温度转换敏感期为药隔至单核期。在光照10.0~12.5 h时,其温度转换阈值为10~12?C;在光照14 h时,其温度转换阈值为8~10?C。在短日低温条件下,花粉粒碘染以染败为主,表现为不育;在长日高温条件下,花粉粒碘染为圆形、黑染,表现为可育。通过明确BS210育性转换特性,为指导BS210安全制繁种生态区的选择提供理论依据。     

棉花质核不育材料晋A的发现与观察

发现并系统观察了棉花雄性不育材料晋Ａ。通过镜检、自交、测交、回交、开放授粉和网罩试验表明，此材料不育性完全而稳定，陆地棉品种可作其完全保持系，海岛棉品种可使其育性恢复，是我国新发现的又一质核不育材料。其不育胞质来自陆地棉，但与其它胞质系不同，这一发现为棉花三系配套、实现产量上的突破提供了新的胞质基因源。     

Development and primary genetic analysis of a fertility temperature-sensitive polima cytoplasmic male sterility restorer in Brassica napus

Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F₂, BC₁ as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed.     

Expression of thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice under varying temperature situations

Response of thermosensitive genic male sterility in rice to varying temperature situations was studied by using four TGMS lines. In three sets of maximum, minimum and their combined temperatures, it was observed that maximum temperature played a predominant role in influencing sterility/fertility of TGMS lines under the combined regimes. Expression of a TGMS gene was found to be influenced by the genetic background of the recipient lines. Exposure for more than 8 hours of 32 ^°C was found necessary to induce complete male sterility in indica TGMS lines: IR68945-4-33-4-14 and IR68949-11-5-31 while, more than 4 hours of such exposure was enough to induce sterility in case of their japonica donor Norin PL 12. Sudden interruption with 27 ^°C even for 2 hours under the sterility inducing regime of 32/24 ^°C could induce partial fertility in the line IR68945-4-33-4-14. However, the line ID 24 remained completely sterile even with 10 hours of interruption with 27 ^°C. An interruption with lower temperature of 27 ^°C for 4 hours for even one day induced partial fertility in IR68945-4-33-4-14. The period of four to eight days after panicle initiation was the stage most sensitive to temperature variations. Hybrid rice breeders need to develop numerous genetically diverse TGMS lines, which possess critical sterility inducing temperature of 28 ^°C and are not affected by sudden interruptions with a lower temperature for few hours daily for a couple of days. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Development of photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive male sterility rice expressing transgene Bacillus thuringiensis

Stem borers and leaffolders are the main pests that cause severe damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) production worldwide. We developed the first photoperiod- and thermo-sensitive male sterility (PTSMS) rice 208S with the cry1Ab/1Ac Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene, through sexual crossing with Huahui 1 (elite line with the cry1Ab/1Ac gene). The novel 208S and its hybrids presented high and stable resistance to stem borers and leaffolders, and the content of Cry1Ab/1Ac protein in chlorophyllous tissues achieved the identical level as donor and showed little accumulation in non-chlorophyllous tissue. No dominant dosage effect in the Bt gene was observed in 208S and its derived hybrids. An analysis of fertility transition traits indicated that 208S was completely sterile under long day length/high temperature, but partially fertile under short day length/low temperature. With fine grain quality and favorable combining ability, 208S had no observed negative effects on fertility and agronomic traits from Bt (cry1Ab/1Ac). Additionally, 208S as a male sterile line showed no fertility decrease caused by Bt transgenic process, as it is the case in Huahui 1. Thus, 208S has great application value in two-line hybrid production for insect resistance, and can also be used as a bridge material in rice Bt transgenic breeding.     

Effects of low temperature storage on the pollen of Brassica campestris,B. oleracea and B. napus

Summary Four indica cultivars viz. Kalinga-I, Ptb. 10, IR 27280-13-3-3-3 and Co. 41 were found to possess male sterile cytoplasm with fertility restoring genes while the cultivar Krishna was found to maintain the male sterility in all the cases. All the plants in the F₁ of Kalinga-I × Krishna were observed to be completely male sterile and continued to show complete pollen sterility in subsequent backcross generations when backcrossed with recurring pollen parent, Krishna. Thus, it was posible to develop a new cytoplasmic-genetic male sterile line in indica rice (Krishna A) with Kalinga-I male sterile cytoplasm and this male sterile cytoplasm was found to be genetically different from others. Further, the newly developed male sterile line (Krishna A) was observed to be tolerant for low temperature at seedling stage.     

小麦K型不育系的易恢性及育性恢复的稳定性研究

利用2个K型不育系与不同K型恢复系组配测交组合，研究了不同不育系的易恢性及其遗传机理，恢复系在年份间恢复度的稳定性以及播期、播量对育性恢复度的影响。结果表明, 2个K型不育系易恢性有明显差异，其易恢性受2对主基因和微效多基因共同控制，不育系易恢性与恢复系恢复力差异的机理是相同的。大多数K型杂交组合的恢复度在不同年份间有较大差异，但恢复度高的组合稳定性较好，异常年份鉴定恢复系的恢复力是最有效的。播期对恢复度的影响较大，播量影响较小。抽穗至开花期间的异常高温是恢复度不稳定的主要外部原因。