Identification of antigenic epitopes of the SapA protein of Campylobacter fetus using a phage display peptide library

In this study, we immunized mice with prokaryotically expressed recombinant surface layer protein, SapA, of Campylobacter fetus, generated hybridomas secreting mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting SapA, and purified the mAb A2D5 from mouse ascites using saturated ammonium sulfate solution. The mAb A2D5, coated onto ELISA plates, was used to screen the phage random 12-peptide library through three rounds of panning. Following panning, 15 phage clones were randomly chosen and tested for reactivity with mAb A2D5 by indirect ELISA. Single-stranded DNA from positive clones was sequenced and compared with the sequence of SapA to predict the key epitope. ELISA and/or Western blot analyses further validated that synthetic peptides and recombinant peptide mimotopes all interact with mAb A2D5. Nine of ten positive phage clones identified by screening were sequenced successfully. Seven clones shared the same sequence HYDRHNYHWWHT; one had the sequence LSKNLPLTALGN; and the final one had the sequence SGMKEPELRSYS. These three sequences shared high homology with SapA J05577 in the region GNEKDFVTKIYSIALGNTSDVDGINYW, in which the underlined amino acids may serve as key residues in the epitope. ELISA and/or Western blot analyses showed that mAb A2D5 not only interacted with the four synthetic peptide mimotopes, but also with 14 prokaryotically expressed recombinant peptide mimotopes. The mimotopes identified in this study will aid future studies into the pathological processes and immune mechanisms of the SapA protein of C. fetus.     

利用随机肽库鉴定猪瘟病毒E2蛋白抗原表位

利用噬菌体随机12肽库对抗猪瘟病毒（classical swine fever virus CSFV）糖蛋白E2特异的单抗A11进行表位鉴定，经过4轮筛选后，随机挑取10个噬菌体克隆作竞争ELISA检测。结果表明，10个克隆中除4号克隆外，其余9个均能抑制原核表达的E2蛋白和A1l单抗之间的抗原抗体反应，抑制率在35％～64％；DNA测序表明，所有产生竞争抑制作用的8个噬菌体克隆的12肽序列均舍有XXWRXXXL核心序列，而没有抑制作用的克隆则不含该核心序列；Western-blot试验证明，所挑阳性克隆均能被单抗A11识别。多序列比较发现，该核心序列与猪瘟病毒E蛋白的28～35位氨基酸TTWKEYSH有一定的同源性，人工合成的含有部分核心序列氨基酸的多肽可以与单抗A11反应，表明单抗A11所针对的抗原表位位于CSFVE2蛋白的28～35位氨基酸。     

日本乙型脑炎病毒E抗原表位的筛选与鉴定

筛选日本乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）的E抗原表位,为开展用JEV模拟表位探索JEV的防治研究创造了条件,为多肽疫苗研制、药物筛选以及特异血清学诊断方法的建立提供重要的线索和依据。以抗JEvE蛋白的单克隆抗体作为固相筛选分子,应用噬菌体表面展示技术,按消减、结合、洗脱、扩增的顺序筛选噬菌体7肽库,挑取噬菌体单克隆培养并ELISA鉴定,对阳性克隆测序分析,确定JEVE抗原模拟表位的氨基酸序列。设计合成包含该表位的E抗原15肽（GGADSMSMAGMAVSY）cDNA序列,与pGEX-KG构建重组表达载体,诱导表达重组多肽并west-ernblot验证。经过4轮筛选后,噬菌体得到高度富集,挑取单克隆ELISA鉴定,有22个克隆呈阳性。对重组多肽进行Western blot验证,结果表明该重组多肽能够特异结合兔抗JEV多抗。应用上述方法成功筛选出JEV结构蛋白E的特异性噬菌体模拟表位,为下一步研究奠定了基础。     

应用噬菌体展示技术筛选兔出血症病毒抗原模拟表位

以抗兔出血症病毒(RHDV)的单克隆抗体A3c作为靶物质,应用噬菌体展示技术筛选RHDV抗原表位。将纯化的单抗A3c包被固相载体,经3轮亲和筛选后,挑取25株噬菌体单克隆并扩增,用ELISA测定后,提取阳性克隆单链DNA并测序,用阳性噬菌体克隆免疫小鼠制备高免血清,检测筛选抗原表位的免疫原性。结果表明:3轮亲和筛选后,特异性噬菌体克隆得到了有效富集,25株噬菌体单克隆中有19株为阳性克隆;测序结果表明,获得了与抗原高度同源的序列GTDDMDPGTTAA,即抗原的模拟表位,其中,氨基酸基序DXXDP为表位中的核心氨基酸;制备的小鼠高免血清与抗原具有较好的反应性,阳性噬菌体克隆与兔RHDV高免血清也具有较好的反应性。因此,该表位具有良好的免疫原性和反应原性。该研究为RHDV抗原表位的研究和新型疫苗的探索积累了资料。     

禽流感病毒M1蛋白表(拟)位定位及免疫检测分析

为对禽流感病毒(AIV)M1蛋白表(拟)位进行分析,本研究采用针对AIV M1蛋白的型特异性单克隆抗体(MAb),淘选M13噬菌体展示的7肽随机肽库,进行M1蛋白表(拟)位分析。筛选获得共有序列MDRxL或HPR,定位于M1蛋白93～99位(93MDRAVKL99)和222～230位(222HPNSSAGLR230)氨基酸区域。采用ELISA、竞争性ELISA分析不同噬菌体拟位与抗M1的MAb免疫反应性,表明含有MDRxL或HPR基序的噬菌体拟位能够与MAb发生特异性结合,并且其结合能够被天然病毒抗原抑制或阻断,表明拟位多肽真实模拟病毒蛋白上与MAb结合的抗原决定簇或表位,提示M1蛋白93～99位(93MDRAVKL99)和222～230位(222HPNSSAGLR230)氨基酸区域构成AIV型特异性表位。     

从噬菌体随机十二肽库中筛选新城疫病毒血凝素-神经氨酸酶模拟表位

以生物素标记的抗新城疫病毒(NDV)血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)的单抗M22为分子探针,从噬菌体随机12肽库中筛选鉴定该抗体所识别的抗原模拟表位.经过三轮亲和筛选,得到了四个能与单抗M22反应的阳性噬菌体单克隆,分别为CLONE 11、17、18、20.竞争ELISA试验表明,CLONE 20与M22的结合能被新城疫弱毒株La Sota特异性抑制,抑制率达67.3%.经测序,获得CLONE 20的插入序列为SWFHHHQARAPM,同源性分析认为WF和QAR在HN的抗原性中起重要作用.动物试验结果表明,CLONE 20能诱导SPF鸡产生一定水平的具有血凝抑制活性的特异抗体.以上结果显示SWFHHHQARAPM是具有免疫原性的HN抗原模拟表位.     

Identification and immunogenicity of an immunodominant mimotope of Avibacterium paragallinarum from a phage display peptide library

Avibacterium paragallinarum is the causative agent of infectious coryza. The protective antigens of this important pathogen have not yet been clearly identified. In this paper, we applied phage display technique to screen the immunodominant mimotopes of a serovar A strain of A. paragallinarum by using a random 12-peptide library, and evaluated the immunogenicity in chickens of the selected mimotope. Polyclonal antibody directed against A. paragallinarum strain 0083 (serovar A) was used as the target antibody and phage clones binding to this target were screened from the 12-mer random peptide library. More than 50% of the phage clones selected in the third round carried the consensus peptide motif sequence A-DP(M)L. The phage clones containing the peptide motif reacted with the target antibody and this interaction could be blocked, in a dose-dependent manner, by A. paragallinarum. One of the peptide sequences, YGLLAVDPLFKP, was selected and the corresponding oligonucleotide sequence was synthesized and then inserted into the expression vector pFliTrx. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into an expression host Escherichia coli GI826 by electroporation, resulting in a recombinant E. coli expressing the peptide on the bacterial surface. Intramuscular injection of the epitope-expressing recombinant bacteria into chickens induced a specific serological response to serovar A. A. paragallinarum. The chickens given the recombinant E. coli showed significant protection against challenge with A. paragallinarum 0083. These results indicated a potential for the use of the mimotope in the development of molecular vaccines for infectious coryza.     

日本乙型脑炎病毒E抗原表位的筛选

为筛选日本乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)的E抗原表位,本实验以抗JEV E蛋白的单克隆抗体(MAb)作为固相筛选分子,应用噬菌体表面展示技术,按消减、结合、洗脱、扩增的顺序筛选噬菌体七肽库,挑取噬菌体单克隆培养并采用MAb包被的ELISA鉴定,对阳性克隆测序分析,确定JEV E抗原模拟表位的氨基酸序列.设计合成包含该表位的E抗原15肽(E-365GGADSMSMAGMAVSYE-379)cDNA序列,与pGEX-KG构建重组表达质粒,诱导表达重组多肽并进行western blot验证.经过4轮筛选后,噬菌体得到高度富集,挑取单克隆采用MAb包被进行ELISA鉴定,有22个克隆呈阳性.对重组多肽进行western blot验证,结果表明该重组多肽能够特异结合兔抗JEV多克隆抗体.本实验成功筛选出JEV结构蛋白E的特异性噬菌体模拟表位,为开展用JEV抗原表位探索JEV的防制研究创造了条件,为多肽疫苗研制、药物筛选以及特异血清学诊断方法的建立提供重要依据.     

噬菌体展示技术筛选副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P5的抗原表位

为了研究副猪嗜血杆菌（HPS）外膜蛋白P5的抗原表位,应用噬菌体展示随机12肽库,以抗HPS外膜蛋白P5的单克隆抗体作为固相分子,进行了3轮筛选。对随机挑选出的10个分离间隔良好的噬菌斑进行ELISA和West—ernblot等检验,最终确定了4个各结果均为阳性的优势短肽。将4个短肽序列与GenBank中HPS外膜蛋白p5的序列进行比对分析,发现这些序列没有同源性或同源性较低,但竞争ELISA结果显示这些短肽与单抗的结合都能够被外膜蛋白P5有效的抑制。以上结果显示,通过噬菌体展示技术成功获得了4个HPS外膜蛋白P5的模拟表位,为后期开展以抗原表位为基础的诊断、表位疫苗等研究提供了依据。     

Characterization of BoHV-1 gE envelope glycoprotein mimotopes obtained by phage display

A phage-displayed peptide library was screened using four mAbs directed against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) gE glycoprotein to identify peptides mimicking this glycoprotein. The selected mimotopes allowed us to characterize the epitopes corresponding to the mAbs as continuous and proteinic and to consider using these peptides in further studies. One epitope has been clearly located at the C-terminus of the protein (amino-acids 561-569). The three other mAbs enabled us to stress the immunogenic relevance of the proline-rich motifs of gE. Selected peptides showed no clear sequence identity with gE, but there is a clear link between gE proline-rich regions and the amino-acid composition of the mimotopes. The proline-rich motifs of gE are potentially located in flanking regions involved in the gE/gl glycoprotein complex formation. N-terminal fusion to pill or pVIII filamentous phage protein, C-terminal fusion to the T7 phage capsid protein, biotinylated synthetic peptides and insertion between the non-cleaved CX leader sequence and the C-terminal part of Caulobacter crescentus RsaA protein have been tested in order to increase the valency of a model peptide. We have diverted the C. crescentus expression system and proven its usefulness using the RsaA protein as a scaffold displaying the peptides of interest. Comparison between these different display systems in an indirect ELISA, indicates that the C. crescentus expression and the T7 phage display systems have some major advantages.     

肝癌细胞靶向肽的筛选与鉴定

利用噬菌体环七肽库筛选与肝癌细胞特异性结合的多肽,并对其亲和力进行生物学鉴定。以HL-7702为消减细胞,HepG2为筛选靶细胞,对噬菌体随机环七肽库进行4轮全细胞消减筛选,并随机挑取60个阳性噬菌体克隆,以ELISA法鉴定其与HepG2细胞的结合活性,并取阳性克隆进行测序分析,并合成多肽进行免疫细胞化学染色鉴定。经4轮筛选,噬菌体在靶细胞HepG2上出现明显富集;利用ELISA从随机挑选的60个噬菌体克隆中得到15个与肝癌细胞具有高结合力的阳性克隆,测序并进行序列分析比对发现氨基酸序列无同源性,经免疫细胞化学染色鉴定后,发现1条多肽序列亲和力较高,为提高抗菌肽对肿瘤细胞的靶向杀伤作用奠定基础。     

Production and characterization of two serotype independent monoclonal antibodies against foot-and-mouth disease virus

Two foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced from mice immunized with either FMDV serotype A, subunit (12S) or FMDV serotype O, whole virus (140S). Both mAbs (F1412SA and F21140SO) recognized all seven serotypes of FMDV in a double antibody sandwich (DAS) ELISA, suggesting that the binding epitopes of the two mAbs are conserved between serotypes. These mAbs are IgG1 isotype and contain kappa light chains. In order to define the mAb binding epitopes, the reactivity of these mAbs against trypsin-treated and denatured FMDV were examined using an indirect ELISA. The binding site of the mAb, F1412SA is trypsin sensitive and the epitope is linear. Both ELISA and Western blot results suggested that the polypeptide VP2 contributed to the immunodominant site. This mAb showed reactivity to VP2 peptide (DKKTEETTILEDRIL). The mAb, F21140SO, recognized an epitope which is trypsin resistant and discontinuous. This mAb binding to FMDV is dependent on conformational structures of intact viral (140S) or subunit (12S) particle, since it failed to recognize any viral protein in Western blot. This conformational and highly conserved epitope is the first identified epitope among all seven FMDV serotypes. Because the use of mAbs increases the specificity, accuracy and efficiency of diagnostic tests compared to polyclonal antisera, these two mAbs with different specificities are suitable for type-independent diagnosis of FMDV, such as DAS ELISA, or could be adapted to immuno-chromatographic or flow-through rapid test.     

Mimotope of Leptospira from phage-displayed random peptide library is reactive with both monoclonal antibodies and patients' sera

The study aim was to use random heptapeptide library displayed by bacteriophage T7 for identifying mimotopes from 15 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific to Leptospira spp., and from four leptospirosis patient sera, respectively. The bound phages, selected from fourth round of bio-panning with each antibody, were cloned by plaque isolation and the binding specificity of individual clones were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, before being further amplified and checked for phage peptide sequence using PCR and DNA sequencing. All together 150 phages were selected, mimotope from 86 phages (56.6%) were found to match with protein sequences of Leptospira from GenBank database. The predominant mimotopes were mimotope with sequence LTPCD that found in 27.3%, followed by TPCSK (16%), KSKKSS (4%), KTKRXAS (4%), SSKSYR (3.3%), DPNXNSF (3.3%), KSGRC (2.6%), TLINIF (2%), TPCI (2%), 1.33% each with mimotopes PKKS, PCNTKXTA, and CTKKK, and one phage each (0.66%) with mimotopes PTFGS, TNSKRK, SKSSRC, RSKRIR, VTNNTP, and CSNXSKR. Interestingly, mimotopes LTPCD, TPCSK, and TPCI were found to react with both MAb and patient's sera. The matched proteins from GenBank namely, leptospiral putative outer membrane protein (matched with mimotope PTFGS), thermolysin precursor protein (matched with mimotope TPCIXXGSAS), and hypothetical protein LIC12228 (matched with mimotope CSNXSKR), were found to locate at outer membrane of Leptospira. These phage mimotopes and matched proteins may have potential for further use as diagnostic reagent and immunogen against leptospirosis in the future. The results demonstrate that phage display technique has potential for rapidly identifying phage mimotopes that interact with leptospiral MAbs and patient's sera.     

A dominant antigenic epitope on SARS-CoV spike protein identified by an avian single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-expressing phage

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a newly emergent human disease, which requires rapid diagnosis and effective therapy. Among antibody sources, immunoglobulin Y (IgY) is the major antibody found in chicken eggs and can be used as an alternative to mammalian antibodies normally used in research and immunotherapy. In this study, phage-expressing chicken monoclonal scFv antibody was chosen and characterized with phage display antibody technology. Truncated fragments of SARS-CoV spike protein were cloned in pET-21 vector and expressed in BL-21 Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. After purification, the purity of these recombinant spike proteins was examined on SDS-PAGE and their identity verified with Western blot analysis using anti-his antibodies and sera from convalescent stage SARS-CoV-infected patients. Using these bacteria-derived proteins to immunize chickens, it was found that polyclonal IgY antibodies in the egg yolk and sera were highly reactive to the immunogens, as shown by Western blot and immunocytochemical staining analysis. A phage displaying scFv library was also established from spleen B cells of immunized chicken with 5 x 10(7) clones. After four panning cycles, the eluted phage titer showed a 10-fold increase. In sequence analysis with chicken germline gene, five phage clones reacted, with large dissimilarities of between 31 and 62%, in the complementarity-determining regions, one dominant phage 4S1 had strong binding to fragment Se-e, located between amino acid residues 456-650 of the spike protein and this particular phage had significantly strong binding to SARS-CoV-infected Vero E6 cells. Based on the results, we conclude that generating specific scFv-expressing phage binders with the phage display system can be successfully achieved and that this knowledge can be applied in clinical or academic research.     

猪O型口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3ABC抗原模拟表位的筛选

口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）非结构蛋白（NSP）3ABC与FMDV复制有关，感染FMDV的动物产生的NSP 3ABC抗体可在体内存留较长时间，是鉴别诊断动物接种疫苗与自然感染口蹄疫的可靠指标。本文从猪FMDV—NSP 3ABC阳性抗血清中分离和纯化IgG，以此为固相筛选分子，对噬菌体随机十二肽库进行4轮吸附-洗脱-扩增的富集筛选后，随机挑取20个噬菌斑进行扩增，用ELISA方法分别检测扩增后的噬菌体抗原性，其中有8个噬菌体克隆与纯化的IgG有较强的特异性结合能力；对得到的阳性克隆提取ssDNA进行测序，分析所递呈的氨基酸序列，其中的7个噬菌体展示肽的氨基酸片段具有较高的保守性；进一步分别以8个阳性噬菌体克隆为固相捕获分子，对22份疑似FMD病猪血清进行检测，结果显示，有5个噬菌体克隆检测结果与试剂盒检测有较高的符合率。本研究为FMDV—NSP 3ABC抗原表位结构进一步研究和建立猪自然感染FMDV快速鉴别诊断新方法奠定了基础。     

羊尤氏泰勒虫一个新生多肽复合物α多肽基因的cDNA文库筛选和测序（英文）

为筛选羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子功能基因,用羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子提取物免疫BALB/c小鼠,将小鼠脾脏细胞与鼠骨髓瘤SP2/0-Ag14细胞融合,融合细胞培养上清用酶联免疫吸附法和免疫印记法检测。提取羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子mRNA后,进行cDNA合成与文库构建。文库在免疫学噬斑筛选后,将阳性克隆进行测序和序列BLAST搜索。筛选结果显示有两个阳性克隆。所得序列BLAST搜索结果显示,它与12类寄生虫新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因的同源性在39%到78%之间。结果提示,所筛选的序列为羊尤氏泰勒虫裂殖子新生多态相关复合物α多肽基因不完全序列。该研究为今后使用单克隆抗体筛选羊泰勒虫功能性基因提供了参考。     

Production of antibodies against chicken interferon-gamma: demonstration of neutralizing activity and development of a quantitative ELISA

Four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for chicken interferon-gamma (ChIFN-gamma) were generated by gene gun immunization and were utilized to develop a mAb-based capture ELISA specific for ChIFN-gamma. Each mAb reacted specifically with both baculovirus and Escherichia coli-derived recombinant ChIFN-gamma in ELISA and Western Blot analysis or natural ChIFN-gamma in immunofluorescence experiments. As determined by competition ELISAs, mAbs 3D5, 4C6 and 3A3 recognized the same or adjacent epitopes on the ChIFN-gamma molecule, whereas mAb 1E12 recognized a distant epitope. Moreover, this latter mAb was able to highly neutralize the biological activities of both recombinant and natural ChIFN-gamma as measured by inhibition of viral replication and macrophage activation. To improve the detection of ChIFN-gamma, a capture ELISA was developed using mAb 1E12 as capture antibody and biotinylated mAb 4C6 as detection antibody. In addition to being more rapid and easier to perform than classical cell-mediated immunity tests, this ELISA has excellent sensitivity and improved specificity. The use of a specific rabbit polyclonal serum as revealing antibody further increased the sensitivity of the detection down to 0.5ng/ml of ChIFN-gamma. This ELISA would provide a sensitive tool to measure the in vitro release of ChIFN-gamma by T-cells in response to specific recall antigen.     

噬菌体肽库技术筛选抗PRRSV肽及其应用

噬菌体展示肽库是一种被广泛用于抗原表位鉴定,结合蛋白筛选的技术。该试验利用噬菌体展示技术筛选与猪呼吸与繁殖障碍综合征病毒（PRRSV）ORF1B复制酶蛋白相互作用的蛋白,并进一步验证筛选蛋白的抗病毒作用。以表达纯化的PRRSV ORF1B蛋白CTD包被高亲和性96孔板作为靶蛋白,应用T7噬菌体展示技术对随机12肽库cDNA文库进行筛选,并分析测序筛选的克隆。将筛选出的克隆序列合成后,在体外验证合成多肽的抗PRRSV效果。结果表明,在4轮的噬菌体筛选后,共得到87个阳性克隆,经测序鉴定出11个筛选的12肽,并通过体外抗病毒试验得到P10是一个具有高抗病毒活性的12肽。试验结果为PRRSV的抗病毒研究奠定了基础。     

抗磺胺二甲氧嘧啶VHH抗体噬菌体库的构建和鉴定

旨在制备抗磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)驼源单域重链(VHH)抗体,用于检测动物源性食品中SDM的残留.采用重氮化法,SDM分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和鸡卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联,合成人工免疫原(SDM-BSA)和包被抗原(SDM-OVA).用SDM-BSA免疫骆驼,在第5 次免疫后1周采集骆驼外周血液,分离外周血淋巴细胞,...     

抗犬瘟热病毒VHH抗体噬菌体库的构建与筛选

为构建特异性犬瘟热病毒（CDV）的纳米抗体库,获得抗CDV的VHH抗体,本试验利用CDV免疫羊驼,四免后采集外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA反转录为cDNA,利用巢式PCR扩增纳米抗体序列。将目的片段连接至pComb3x噬菌体展示载体,并电转至TG1宿主菌,挑取40个克隆进行菌液PCR验证,随机挑选13个阳性单克隆进行测序,计算抗体库库容量,加入辅助噬菌粒拯救获得的噬菌体展示抗体库。经过3轮淘选,富集对CDV结合力高的噬菌体。利用毕赤酵母系统表达两株结合力高的噬菌体,经Ni柱纯化后,利用ELISA进行噬菌体结合力的鉴定。结果表明,四免后羊驼血清效价达1：25 000,达到建库要求,构建的噬菌体展示文库库容量达3.41×10⁹ PFU。经过3轮淘选,特异性抗体库经稀释100倍后,ELISA检测仍为阳性,表明特异性结合CDV的噬菌体得到明显的富集。ELISA结果表明,两株纯化的纳米抗体与CDV的反应性显著高于对照组。以上结果提示,本研究成功筛选出2株特异性结合CDV的VHH抗体,为VHH抗体在犬瘟热的诊断和治疗方面的应用奠定了基础。