龙眼采后生理及贮藏保鲜

在一定范围内，龙眼果肉细胞透性越低，总糖、还原糖与可溶性固形物含量越高，果实品质风味越好。试验采取九成熟福眼果实测定其乙烯释放量只有２．３１－３．９１ｎｌ·ｇ~(-１)·ｈ~(-１)，乙烯作用不明显，不是果实主要衰老激素。果实采后没有明显呼吸高峰，不具跃变型水果典型特征，所以不适于气调贮藏，较适于冷藏。福眼果实采后用绿色Ⅰ和绿色Ⅱ保鲜剂洗果、ＥＶＡ薄膜袋包装，效果最佳；３０±２℃贮藏８ｄ好果率９６．６％，３－４℃贮藏４５ｄ好果率９８．８％；在－１８℃速冻贮藏１８３ｄ和３６６ｄ，好果率分别为９９．５％和９８．０％。     

药剂处理对龙眼贮藏效果的影响

龙眼是亚热带名优水果，营养丰富，香甜可口，具有较高的药用价值和保健作用，深受国内外消费者欢迎，是我国重要的出口商品之一。但龙眼果实成熟期在高温季节，采后生理代谢旺盛，鲜果容易腐烂，不耐贮运。目前，龙眼采后广泛应用熏硫处理，该方法虽然能够抑制病菌和酚类物质的氧化，改善     

龙眼葡萄采前管理及贮藏技术

在生产实践中本地果农摸索出一条采前采后相配套的贮藏方法,贮藏期延至翌年５月中旬仍能保持葡萄色泽鲜亮、口味纯正,效益提高５～７倍。１采前管理龙眼葡萄是晚熟品种,为了延长贮藏期,除良好的贮藏技术外,加强后期管理是保证贮藏效果的关键。１．１控氮控水增施磷钾...     

采后龙眼炭疽病的化学防治和生物防治试验

龙眼炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz．）是龙眼生产中的一种重要病害，主要为害龙眼嫩梢、嫩叶、花穗和果实。该病害既是导致龙眼叶片枯死、花穗变褐腐烂、早期落花落果的重要原因，也是导致龙眼采收后贮运期间腐烂的重要原因。本试验测定了14种杀菌剂对龙眼炭疽病病菌的毒力作用，并用优选出的4种杀菌剂和2种木瓜内生菌对龙眼采后炭疽病进行了防治试验，以期筛选出防治龙眼炭疽病的有效拮抗内生菌和高效化学杀菌剂，减小炭疽病对龙眼生产造成的损失。     

不同包装,药剂和硫处理对龙眼贮藏效果的研究

本试验研究了不同包装、药剂和硫处理对石硖龙眼的贮藏效果，结果表明：内包装以０．０２ｍｍ的聚丙烯呈聚乙烯袋为宜，外包装可采用竹篓。普通药剂以特克多５００×１０＾－６加抑霉唑５００×１０＾－６为最佳配方，硫处理中浸泡试验无效。而缓慢放硫处理可使用加二亚硫内或焦亚硫酸风量为６ｇ或８ｋｇ／ｋｇ果；熏硫处理则用３０ｇ硫磺熏蒸３ｋｇ果，时间２０或３０分钟，或者２０ｇ硫磺熏蒸２．５ｋｇ果，时间１５或２５分钟，随     

龙眼葡萄贮藏保鲜试验

葡萄是优良的鲜食水果,但其柔软多汁,不耐贮藏,不能季产年销。为延长其供应期,应在产地进行葡萄贮藏。我县在1987年贮藏葡萄25万公斤,一般贮到翌年2、3月份,最长     

龙眼采后生理特性及保鲜技术研究

龙眼是亚热带地区的名优水果,在国内外享有盛誉。但其鲜果极易腐烂变质,不耐贮藏和运销。福建是龙眼的主产地,鲜果除制成干果和罐头外多以产地销售为主。本项研究着重探讨龙眼鲜果采后生理特性及保鲜技术,以延长鲜果的贮藏期限,繁荣城市的果品市场。     

热处理对四种果实上炭疽菌的抑制作用及防治效果

从荔枝、龙眼、卡亡果、木瓜果皮中分离出的炭疽病菌均为胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz．)，不同来源的菌株对4种果实及叶片的致病力和对热处理的反应没有显著性差异。胶孢炭疽菌分生孢子在48℃温水中处理10min后萌发率显著降低。分生孢子的致死温度为50℃ 10min或55℃ 5min。菌丝比分生孢子对热处理的敏感性低。48℃温水处理2．30min对菌丝生长没有抑制作用。在52℃、55℃温水中处理5min或60℃温水中处理2min后菌丝生长速度显著降低。菌丝的致死温度为60℃ 30min。热水浴处理是防治卡亡果、木瓜采后炭疽病的一种较为有效的方法．处理温度和时间可选用52-55℃5-10min。     

杧果抗炭疽病种质资源的鉴定与分析

炭疽病是杧果的重要病害,在对此病害的综合防治中,选种抗病品种是行之有效的措施。本研究运用杧果炭疽病高致病性菌株,对保存在中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所杧果种质资源圃的果品种抗病性进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,大部分的果品种为感病品种,其中爱文杧、乳杧、海豹、龙井大杧等为高感品种;紫花杧、金煌、实选-4、spooner为高抗品种;台农一号、粤西一号、台牙、贵妃、Mallika、桂香、凯特等为中抗品种;在所有供试品种的抗病鉴定中,没有发现免疫品种。     

墨兰炭疽病菌生物学特性研究

以墨兰炭疽病菌为试材,研究墨兰炭疽病菌的生物学特性。结果表明:菌丝生长和孢子萌发最适温度为26℃,产生孢子最适温度为30℃;菌丝生长最适pH为7～8,产生孢子最适pH为7～9,孢子萌发最适pH为7;26℃下连续光照产孢量最多;相对湿度低于81%时分生孢子不能萌发。     

绿色木霉菌发酵液对杧果采后病害生理的影响

【目的】为了探讨绿色木霉菌发酵液处理对杧果采后病害生理的影响,【方法】以紫花杧果为试验材料,利用绿色木霉菌(T.viride)发酵液对杧果进行处理,测定杧果采后生理指标的变化。【结果】结果表明,在(30±2)℃、RH90%~95%条件下,T.viride发酵液处理可降低采后杧果的呼吸强度,并使其呼吸高峰推迟1 d。处理组果实可溶性固形物的最大值出现在第8天,比对照组推迟了2 d;其健康组织维生素C第3天上升至最高含量,分别达164 mg.kg-1和173 mg.kg-1,而对照组和处理组的病斑周围组织的维生素C含量在0~9 d内均呈现下降趋势。T.viride发酵液处理延缓了病斑周围组织的可滴定酸下降,损伤接种至第6天,处理组果实病斑周围的可滴定酸为0.36 mg.g-1,高出对照组16%。处理组病斑周围的蛋白质含量最高峰出现在第6天,比对照组延迟1 d。T.viride发酵液处理降低了杧果组织丙二醛含量,处理组和对照组的最大值分别为4.18μmol.L-1、5.23μmol.L-1;贮藏1~9 d,处理组和对照组的总酚含量差异不显著。【结论】绿色木霉菌发酵液处理能有效减缓杧果采后病害生理活动。     

Developmental problems in over-winter off-season longan fruit. II: Development of pericarp structure

Fruit development was investigated in field and changes in pericarp structure were comparatively studied in over-winter off-season and on-season longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour. cv. Chuliang). The results showed developmental problems including small fruit size, severe fruit cracking and heavy fruit drop in the off-season fruit, although their seed size was not significantly affected compared to the on-season fruit. Anatomical studies showed that off-season longan fruit had a poorly developed pericarp, which was reflected by smaller fresh weight as well as thinner pericarp thickness, thinner spongy tissue, fewer cell layers in the periderm, smaller cell size and fewer cell numbers in the parenchyma tissue at the upper mesocarp, and fewer cell layers in the endocarp. In contrast, the recovery of the sclereids in the mesocarp was higher in the pericarp of the off-season fruit. The poor development of the pericarp in off-season fruit probably caused the small fruit size and severe fruit cracking. It was suggested that the adverse climatic conditions encountered by fruit development in the over-winter off-season longan suppressed cell division and expansion in the pericarp but did not affect sclereid formation.     

Effects of bagging on fruit development and quality in cross-winter off-season longan

Clusters of cross-winter off-season longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) cv. Chuliang were bagged with three types of bags: perforated translucent plastic bag (TPB), white adhesive-bonded fabric bag (WAFB) with about 70% light transmittance, and black adhesive-bonded fabric bag (BAFB) with <10% light transmittance. Bagging treatments began at 34 days after anthesis and continued until harvest. The results showed that bagging modified the microenvironment for fruit development. Bagging with TPB was most effective in increasing humidity, and air moisture within TPB maintained above 90% from 2 weeks after bagging. Bagging with BAFB or WAFB increased humidity most of the time, and the effect was more prominent when the weather was very dry (RH < 60%). All bag types tended to increase temperature and promoted fruit development, resulting in larger sized fruit. Bagging tended to promote early fruit drop but reduced late fruit drop, and the final fruit retention rate was not significantly affected by bagging. Bagging with different materials showed differential effects on incidence of fruit cracking. WAFB and BAFB reduced cracking incidence significantly as compared to the control (5.1% and 11.6% vs 32.8%). Sugar content was not significantly affected by bagging but organic acids including vitamin C (Vc) were considerably affected. Concentration of malic acid, the dominant organic acid in longan aril, was 605.6, 830.0, 1161.0 and 1428 μg/g FW in TPB, BAFB, WAFB and the control. Vc in the aril was significantly reduced by BAFB (108.4 μg/g FW), slightly increased by WAFB (183.9 μg/g FW) and significantly increased by TPB (264.5 μg/g FW) as compared with the control (174.7 μg/g FW). Pericarp of fruit bagged with TPB had a slightly higher content of Vc (1337 μg/g FW), while those bagged with BAFB (873.6 μg/g FW) and WAFB (787.4 μg/g FW) had significantly lower Vc contents than the control (1243 μg/g FW). The responses of oxalate and Vc contents in the aril and the pericarp to bagging treatments showed an opposite trend. The results suggested that WAFB increased fruit size and fruit retention rate while significantly reduced fruit cracking incidence and could be a promising practice for cross-winter longan production.     

蜂胶对粉红女士苹果的保鲜效应

试验主要针对蜂胶的特性研究对粉红女士苹果的保鲜作用,初步确定能够保证无公害鲜食苹果质量的最佳蜂胶保鲜剂浓度。以无公害的天然物质蜂胶作为保鲜剂,粉红女士苹果作为试验材料。在(0±1)℃条件下贮藏180 d,对粉红女士苹果保鲜过程中各项生理活性指标定期跟踪测定,以观察各指标的动态变化。结果表明,采用蜂胶处理能有效抑制果实失水,降低呼吸速率及乙烯释放率,延缓果肉硬度的下降和可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C的降解。其中硬度、失重、可滴定酸含量、乙烯释放量等指标处理与对照差异达到极显著水平(P0.01)。8%浓度蜂胶处理的保鲜效果最佳。     

不同龙眼品种果实品质和糖酸组分分析

以12个龙眼品种的果实为试材,利用常规的品质分析和高效液相色谱技术,进行了果实品质和糖酸组分分析。结果表明,品种间果实质量和可溶性固形物含量差异较大,分别为6.1～15.1g和12.2%～23.0%。可食率最高为双孖木(71.4%),最低为沙梨木(56.2%)。果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖是龙眼假种皮的主要糖类,但不同品种这3种糖的比例有较大差异,根据单糖与双糖的比例,可将不同的龙眼品种分为3个类型:蔗糖积累型,还原糖积累型和中间类型。龙眼假种皮中的有机酸含量较低,为1.46～3.46mg/g,主要有苹果酸、草酰乙酸、α-酮戊二酸、草酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸和奎尼酸,不同品种有机酸的含量和比例有一定的差异。龙眼假种皮中也有较丰富的还原型抗坏血酸(维生素C),约占总酸的12.4%,不同品种维生素C含量有较大差异,储良最低(0.13mg/g),罗伞木最高(0.65mg/g)。     

枸杞炭疽病预测方法研究

气象条件是影响枸杞炭疽病发生蔓延的主要因素之一.该文以“宁杞一号“为试材,整理分析枸杞炭疽病发生期间主要气象因子,并通过逐步回归预测方法建立预测模型,入选的主要因子有空气温度(X1)、最低空气温度(X2)、温湿比(X3)、湿雨比(X4)和初始病情(X5).经对预测方程检验,结果显著,历史拟合准确率为76.5%.