Antagonistic effect of chosen lactic acid bacteria strains on Salmonella species in meat and fermented sausages

The aim of this study was to determine of influence of 15 strains of lactic acid bacteria on the growth of 7 Salmonella spp. strains in model set-ups, and in meat and ripened fermented sausages. The investigations were performed within the framework of three alternate stages which differed in respect to the products studied, the number of Lactobacillus spp. strains and, partly, methodological approach. The ratio between lactic acid bacteria and Salmonella strains studied was, depending on the alternate, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The investigations also covered the water activity (a(w)) and pH of the tested products. The results obtained are shown in 12 figures and suggest that all the lactic acid bacteria strains used within the framework of the model set-ups showed antagonistic effect on all the Salmonella spp. strains. However, these abilities were not observed with respect to some lactic acid bacteria strains in meat and fermented sausage. The temperature and length of the incubation period of sausages, but not a(w) and pH, were found to have a distinct influence on the antagonistic interaction between the bacteria.     

Antagonistic effect of chosen lactic acid bacteria strains on Yersinia enterocolitica species in model set-ups,meat and fermented sausages

The present study was aimed at determining the influence of 15 strains of lactic acid bacteria on the growth of 8 Yersinia enterocolitica strains in model set-ups, and in meat and ageing fermented sausages. The investigations were performed within the framework of three alternate stages which differed in respect to the products studied, the number of Lactobacillus sp. strains and, partly, methodological approach. The ratio between lactic acid bacteria and Yersinia enterocolitica strains studied was, depending on the variant of experiment, 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1, respectively. The study also considered water activity (aw) and pH of the products investigated. The results suggest that all the lactic acid bacteria strains used within the framework of the model set-ups had antagonistic effect on all the Salmonella sp. strains. However, this ability was not observed with respect to of tested lactic acid bacteria strains in meat and fermented sausage. This ability was possessed by one of the strains investigated--Lactobacillus helveticus T 78. The temperature and time of the incubation of sausages, but not aw and pH, were found to have a distinct influence on the antagonistic interaction between the bacteria tested.     

唾液乳杆菌的生长特性及抑菌作用

为了探讨唾液乳杆菌的生长特性及抑菌作用,测定2株唾液乳杆菌的生长曲线,并选用口腔变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用牛津杯法进行体外抑菌实验.结果表明:2株唾液乳杆菌分别在接种2h和4h进入对数生长期,8h进入对数生长末期,14h和16h进入稳定期;2株唾液乳杆菌菌液及代谢产物对口腔变形链球菌、牙龈卟啉单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌作用,对口腔变形链球菌及牙龈卟啉单胞菌的抑菌作用强于金黄色葡萄球菌;2株唾液乳杆菌菌体及调整pH值为7.0的代谢产物没有抑菌作用;2株唾液乳杆菌的抑菌能力主要来自菌体的代谢产物,代谢产物中起抑菌作用的成分为酸或酸依赖性物质.     

2015—2017年酒泉市部分地区羊肉制品食源性病菌污染情况调查

为初步了解并分析酒泉市部分地区羊肉制品中食源性致病菌的污染情况,于2015—2017年对酒泉市5个县市随机采集羊肉制品827份,参照食品国家安全标准对采集的样品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、副溶血性孤菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌污染情况进行了调查。结果显示:共有116份样品被检测出携带食源性致病菌,检出率14.03%,其中金黄色葡萄球菌74份(8.95%)、沙门氏菌23份(2.78%)、副溶血性孤菌12份(1.45%)、单核细胞增生李斯特菌7份(0.85%),没有检出大肠杆菌O157:H7;2015—2017年检出率分别为24.05%、12.09%和7.75%;不同羊肉制品中以油炸肉检出率最高(48.65%),生肉最低(5.67%)。说明酒泉市羊肉制品中食源性病菌污染较为严重,其中主要以沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,给消费者健康造成潜在的威胁,相关部门需要提高食品安全监管力度。     

Investigation of lactic acid bacterial strains for meat fermentation and the product's antioxidant and angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme inhibitory activities

In the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains screened from our LAB collection, Lactobacillus (L.) sakei strain no. 23 and L. curvatus strain no. 28 degraded meat protein and tolerated salt and nitrite in vitro. Fermented sausages inoculated strains no. 23 and no. 28 showed not only favorable increases in viable LAB counts and reduced pH, but also the degradation of meat protein. The sausages fermented with these strains showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than those without LAB or fermented by each LAB type strain. Angiotensin‐I‐converting‐enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity was also significantly higher in the sausages fermented with strain no. 23 than in those fermented with the type strain. Higher ACE inhibitory activity was also observed in the sausages fermented with strain no. 28, but did not differ significantly from those with the type strain. An analysis of the proteolysis and degradation products formed by each LAB in sausages suggested that those bioactivities yielded fermentation products such as peptides. Therefore, LAB starters that can adequately ferment meat, such as strains no. 23 and no. 28, should contribute to the production of bioactive compounds in meat products.     

猪源乳酸杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性分析

乳酸杆菌制剂可以替代抗生素,用于预防和治疗细菌性腹泻。为获取可作为微生态制剂的候选菌株,从健康仔猪肠道分离到5株乳酸杆菌,经抑菌试验、生长曲线测定、耐酸、耐胆盐、耐胰酶试验等,筛选到1株对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌有较好的抑制作用,对低pH值、高胆盐、胰酶均有一定耐受能力的乳酸杆菌,命名为LY7。经PCR鉴定,该菌株为约氏乳杆菌。     

乳酸杆菌抑制致病菌及生物保鲜发酵剂特性评价

以15株乳酸杆菌为研究对象,动物双歧杆菌乳亚种BB-12作为对照,研究它们对肠道致病菌的抑菌特性.结果表明:9株菌对5株指示菌均有较好抑制作用,2株菌对金黄色葡萄球菌、肠炎沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用;以抑菌效果、凝乳状态、产酸性能为指标,筛选出4株菌,与嗜热链球菌ST-21组合制备生物保鲜发酵剂;通过...     

一株乳酸菌GF103的分离鉴定及体外益生效果评价

本研究旨在利用分子生物学手段鉴定乳酸菌GF103的菌种属性,并通过体外法评价其作为益生菌的益生效果,筛选出具有益生作用的乳酸菌。试验从北京市大兴种猪场附近土壤中分离得到一株能抑制病原菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌生长的乳酸菌,编号为GF103,经16SrRNA基因序列分析鉴定为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。经体外益生效果评价得知,乳酸菌GF103在pH=3的条件下活菌数较高,能够耐受0.3%胆盐。乳酸菌GF103在人工模拟胃液中培养0.5 h活菌数不受影响(P>0.05),培养3 h活菌数降低1 log值(P<0.01);在人工模拟肠液中培养3 h活菌数不变(P>0.05)。结果表明,乳酸菌GF103具备益生菌特性,可进一步研究其作为微生物添加剂在动物上的应用效果。     

不同来源乳酸菌的分离与鉴定

Six strains of Lactobacillus were isolated from traditional indigenous dairy products, piglet’s feces and chicken intestine, designated as LS, LT, LJ1, LJ2, LZ1 and LZ2， respectively. Identifications were done according to bacteria morphology, physiological and biochemical properties,16S rDNA sequence homology analysis, and their characteristics were researched. The results showed that LS, LT, LJ1 and LZ2 strains were Lactobacillus brevis, LJ2 strain was Enterococcus faecium, LZ1 strain was Lactobacillus acidophilus. All of the six strains had obvious bacteriostasis effect on Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.     

抑制奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的乳酸菌的筛选

为获得抑制奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌(S. aureus)的乳酸菌(LAB),本研究从新疆巴音布鲁克牧区鲜牛乳和哈萨克族乳制品奶疙瘩样品中分离培养LAB,通过传统的分离鉴定与16S rDNA基因序列测序相结合的方法鉴定LAB种类,同时以临床奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌S. aureus N2为指示菌,采用双层琼脂扩散法检测分离株的抑菌能力。通过测定生长曲线确定分离株的生长稳定期,进而利用硫酸铵沉淀法透析提取稳定期内分离株的细菌素,并检测其细菌素抑菌效价。结果显示:从样品中筛选获得5株能够抑制指示菌生长的LAB,分别为希氏乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、戊糖片球菌和乳酸乳球菌亚种。生长规律曲线表明20 h^30 h为5株LAB的稳定期,此期培养液pH值维持在3.8~4.5。从培养20 h的5株LAB上清液中提取到了细菌素,经检测其具有抑菌活性,抑菌效价分别为457 IU/mL、1 023 IU/mL、676 IU/mL、1 862 IU/mL和1 023 IU/mL。本研究结果表明5株LAB通过在生长稳定期内维持较低酸性环境(pH<4.5),代谢产生细菌素对乳房炎源S. aureus发挥抑制生长作用。本研究为S. aureus性奶牛乳房炎的生物防治提供了实验依据。     

分泌抗金黄色葡萄球菌细菌素乳酸菌的分离鉴定

为分离和筛选产抗金黄色葡萄球菌乳酸菌素的优势乳酸菌,利用乳酸菌分离培养基MRS从收集的各种腌制菜汁中分离培养乳酸菌,通过细菌培养特性、革兰氏染色特点、生理生化特性初步鉴定,同时根据Genbank中乳酸菌的16SrDNA序列设计特异性引物,采用PCR方法进一步鉴定,并以金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌对乳酸菌的发酵上清液进行抑菌特性研究。结果表明,从腌渍菜汁中分离获得90株产酸菌,通过形态学、生理生化特性和PCR鉴定,结果73株产酸菌为乳酸杆菌;分泌产物抑菌试验表明,有10株菌具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性,经酸排除和过氧化氢排除试验,仍然有5株乳酸菌的分泌产物具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性。可见,从腌渍菜汁分离到的乳酸菌具有抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性的特性,主要是通过分泌乳酸菌素来发挥作用。     

国内外原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌风险评估研究综述

近年来我国乳品消费量持续增加,乳品质量安全关乎着人们身体健康和生命安全.金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素引起的乳品中毒事件时有发生,逐本求源地针对原料乳开展金黄色葡萄球菌风险评估研究是十分必要的.本文根据国际食品法典委员会拟定的微生物风险评估的原则和指导方针,从危害识别、危害特征描述、暴露评估、风险描述四方面综述了关于原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌国内外风险评估的研究现状.通过国外成熟的定量风险评估案例,介绍关于原料乳中金黄色葡萄球菌定量风险评估的基本框架,提出未来应加强构建肠毒素预测模型,较为系统的对原料乳从牧场到餐桌进行全程监控和风险评估的建议.     

Testing two Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains for their suitability as a lipoid probiotic

Two strains of lactobacilli (Lactobacillus acidophilus T-135 and Lactobacillus plantarum 4/97) were selected in order to study their inhibitory properties against frequent udder pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Salmonella enteritidis and Bacillus pumilus), their production of organic acids as well as their ability to survive on the teat skin, the teat duct mucosa and in a lipoid emulsion. Both strains inhibited the tested pathogenic microbes and survived on the investigated surfaces and in an emulsion for more than 6 hours and 11 days, respectively.     

Effect of sodium nitrite and sodium chloride on growth of lactic acid bacteria.

The effect of NaNO2 and NaCl on the growth of 24 lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from vacuum-packed cooked ring sausages were examined by analyzing different growth parameters with Bioscreen. NaNO2 had a very limited effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria at 50 and 100 mg/l but at 400 mg/l a more pronounced inhibitory effect was found. Bacterial growth was enhanced by 1-2% (w/v) of added NaCl, while NaCl concentrations above 3% (w/v) had a clear inhibitory effect. Leuconostoc isolates seemed to be more sensitive to sodium nitrite and sodium chloride than homofermentative lactobacilli strains. Among homofermentative lactobacilli, the strains resembling Lactobacillus curvatus were more sensitive to NaCl than those resembling Lactobacillus sake.     

Listeria monocytogenes in food]

As in recent years laboratory diagnostics of listeria has become part of food microbiology, the frequency of occurrence of the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes has been followed in various kinds of foods for a year. A total of 51 strains of L. monocytogenes (7.2%) was isolated from 700 kinds of samples (raw milk, pasteurized milk, meat surface, poultry, cheeses, thermally not treated meat products, food--industry machinery). As can be seen in Tab. I, the highest number of strains was isolated from meat surfaces (13.5%), followed by meat--industry machinery (12.72%), poultry (10%) and cheeses (5%). The lower numbers of strains were found out in thermally not treated meat products (3.8%) and in raw milk (3.3%). Pasteurized milk did not contain any strains. Our findings in raw milk (3.3%) and in pasteurized milk (0) are in agreement with the data cited e. g. by authors from the USA (Lovett et al., 1987), who mention the value of 4.2% in raw milk and the zero value in pasteurized milk. The percentage of strains monitored in cheeses (5%) can be evaluated as low as the assortment of investigated cheeses was small (all strains were isolated from soft ripening cheeses). German authors (Tham et al., 1988) speak about the 2.5% percentage of L. monocytogenes strains; this is in keeping with our findings. The findings in thermally not treated meat products (3.8%) can be evaluated as low although the number of strains found in raw meat was high.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

湖南省部分地区奶牛源金黄色葡萄球菌分离鉴定与耐药性分析

[目的]为了解湖南省部分地区奶牛场金黄色葡萄球菌耐药情况,制定合理的用药方案,对来自湖南省不同地区的牛奶样品进行细菌分离与鉴定。[方法]得到19株金黄色葡萄球菌,分别进行药敏试验和耐药基因检测。[结果]试验结果显示,19株金黄色葡萄球菌均呈现多重耐药,其中对青霉素的耐药率较高,对万古霉素和利福平的耐药率极低,耐药基因的结果与耐药表现基本相同。[结论]试验结果可以为作为治疗湖南省奶牛场金黄色葡萄球菌感染提供依据。     

鸡源嗜酸乳扞菌的筛选

试验从健康雏鸡嗉囊、小肠、盲肠等部位分离到12株乳酸菌,通过试验筛选出了1株乳酸菌,初步鉴定为嗜酸乳杆菌,并对其耐酸、抑菌生物学特性进行初步研究。结果表明,嗜酸乳杆菌具有强耐酸性和黏附性,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑菌作用。     

Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products

For food evaluation the determination of the number of Staphylococcus aureus (hereinafter S. aureus) colonies is insufficient in view of present scientific knowledge. The results, advantages and shortcomings of diagnostic methods are demonstrated on an example of three methods of detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. 133 strains were investigated by the method of biotyping of S. aureus strains. Four strains of S. aureus were included in biotype A, seven xin-producing strains were isolated seventeen times by detection of 96 S. aureus strains were not included in any biotype, the other strains belonged to biotypes C and E. This method can be used as an auxiliary method of evaluation of foods containing S. aureus bacteria. The agar-gel precipitation method of enterotoxin detection in isolated strains of S. aureus has just restricted validity. The enteroto-strains. The main shortcoming of this method is a fact that the result concerning the isolated strains need not be identical with the result of enterotoxin detection in food. Direct assays of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products using an enzymoimmunological method seem to be the most promising, mainly due to their high sensitivity (0.0001-0.001 micrograms.ml1-) and other advantages. Positive and negative results are presented on an example of two model trials with winter sheep milk cheese.     

Occurrence of enterotoxigenic strains of Staphylococcus aureus in raw poultry meat

The aim of this work was to determine the contamination of raw poultry meat with enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus, using the PCR method. PCR is a rapid and sensitive method, which can show the presence in food of enterotoxigenic strains of S. aureus on the basis of specific gene sequences and detect the potential source of contamination before enterotoxins are produced. No coagulase-positive staphylococci strains were found in 65 samples of chicken parts, but these bacteria were present in 11 of 23 examined samples of minced turkey meat (48%). Using the primers for enterotoxin genes A to C, 4 of the 11 isolated S. aureus strains showed a positive result in the PCR. Three of the isolates represented the SEB gene and remaining one the SEC gene. The results obtained showed that PCR is sensitive and rapid method which may be used for detection and identification of enterotoxigenic S. aureus.     

Factors involved in the early pathogenesis of bovine Staphylococcus aureus mastitis with emphasis on bacterial adhesion and invasion. A review

Staphylococcus aureus is the most important and prevalent contagious mammary pathogen; it causes clinical and subclinical intramammary infection with serious economic loss and herd management problems in dairy cows. In vitro studies have shown that Staphylococcus aureus adheres to mammary epithelial cells and extracellular matrix components and invades into mammary epithelial as well as other mammary cells. Staphylococcus aureus strains from intramammary infection produce several cell surface-associated and extracellular secretory products. The exact pathogenic roles of most of the products and their effects on adhesion and invasion are not well evaluated. It is also known that mammary epithelial cell-associated molecules and extracellular matrix components interact with S. aureus during the pathogenesis of mastitis, but their roles on adhesion and invasion have not been characterized. The adhesion of S. aureus to epithelial cells may involve non-specific physicochemical interactions and/or specific interactions between bacterial cell-associated ligands and host cell surface receptors. In vitro adhesion depends on the S. aureus strain, the growth phase of the bacteria, the growth medium and the origin of the epithelial cells. Adhesion is hypothesized to be a prerequisite and crucial early step for mammary gland infection. Staphylococcus aureus invades mammary epithelial cells. It also invades other cells such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts. Bacteria are found enclosed in membrane bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm of mammary epithelial cells. Recent observations indicate that S. aureus escapes from the phagosome into the cytoplasm and induces apoptosis. The invasion into mammary epithelial cells may occur through an endocytic process that requires involvement of elements of the cytoskeleton or by direct binding of bacteria to epithelial cells through a process mediated by specific receptors that needs de novo protein synthesis by both cells. Thus, the recurrent subclinical infection may result from this intracellular existence of bacteria that are protected from host defenses and effects of antibiotics. This review emphasizes on recent findings on S. aureus adhesion to mammary epithelial cells and extracellular matrix components and invasion into mammary epithelial cells.