蒲黄醇提取物对C57BL／6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

[目的]研究蒲黄醇提物对C57BIM6荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响。[方法]通过建立Lewis肺癌小鼠移植瘤动物模型,以抑瘤率为指标考察蒲黄醇提物的体内抗肿瘤活性,分别测定其抑瘤率、胸腺指数和脾脏指数;四氮唑盐（MTY）法对荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖活性进行测定;ELISA法测定荷瘤小鼠血清中白细胞介素一2（IL-2）、肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF-a水平。[结果]蒲黄醇提取物100mg／kg·d组对肿瘤生长有明显的抑制作用（P〈0．01）,其抑瘤率为48．3％,蒲黄醇提物三个剂量组均能提高荷瘤小鼠的胸腺指数和脾脏指数。同时100和200mg／kg·d组能显著提高荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力和荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-2、TNF—ol的水平。[结论]蒲黄醇提物具有提高荷瘤小鼠体液免疫和细胞免疫的作用。     

Murine lymphoma-induced immunosuppression: requirement for direct tumour cell contact

The FBL-3 lymphoma cell line caused impaired antibody formation in vivo when injected into mice intraperitoneally, and in vitro when added to normal syngeneic spleen cells immunized in vitro with sheep erythrocytes. Immunosuppression occurred only when intact viable tumor cells were cocultivated with the normal spleen cells. As few as 10(5) FBL-3 cells, when added to 5 X 10(6) normal cells, impaired antibody formation. However, cell-free extracts of filtrates from even much larger numbers of tumor cells did not affect antibody formation, either in vitro or in vivo. Heating the tumor cells at 56 degrees C or irradiation with as little as 1000 rads completely abolished immunosuppressive activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Separation of viable tumor cells from target antibody-forming cells by cell-impermeable membranes prevented immunosuppression, showing that direct cell-to-cell contact is required for immunosuppression.     

感染传染性法氏囊病毒雏鸡的免疫抑制及其机理

本实验共用412只滨白雏鸡,分别在1日龄或4周龄时感染 IBDV,检测了雏鸡感染后其外周血液、泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中 IgG,IgM 和 IgA 含量、血液 T 细胞免疫功能和脾脏 B 细胞抗体生成功能、血液 T,B 细胞、淋肥细胞数量以及法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、丕氏斑、十二指肠、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜中浆细胞和酸性α-萘酚酯酶阳性 T 细胞(ANAE+T)数量的动态变化,结果如下:(1)雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,法氏囊、脾脏的浆细胞明显减少,脾脏 B 细胞抗体生成功能降低;胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏的 ANAE+T 细胞数量显著下降,说明感染鸡免疫器官的体液免疫功能和细胞免疫功能显著减弱.(2)IBDV 感染雏鸡引起呼吸道和消化道局部免疫组织一哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜、盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠粘膜固有层,丕氏斑的浆细胞和 ANAE+T 细胞较对照鸡显著减少;泪液、气管液、胆汁、肠液中 IgG,IgA,IgM 含量明显下降,表明感染鸡呼吸道和消化道局部的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平均显著降低.(3)感染鸡外周血液 T,B 细胞数量减少,T 细胞功能降低,IgG,IgA,IgM 含量明显下降,表明和标志全身体液免疫和细胞免疫水平降低,是免疫器官细胞免疫和体液免疫功能显著降低的反映和表现.(4)1日龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 后,B 细胞功能抑制时间明显长于 T 细胞,证明感染鸡 B 细胞功能的损害重于 T 细胞.(5)4周龄雏鸡感染 IBDV 引起的免疫抑制程度低于1日龄感染鸡,呈现一定的感染日龄差异.     

感染鸡贫血因子病毒雏鸡免疫器官T细胞变化

对１日龄感染和未感染鸡传染性贫血病毒（ＣＩＡＶ）雏鸡的免疫器官组织Ｔ细胞数量的动态变化进行了检测．结果发现，１日龄雏鸡感染ＣＩＡＶ后，其中枢免疫器官胸腺、法氏囊和外周免疫器官脾脏以及局部免疫组织盲肠扁桃体和哈德尔腺的Ｔ细胞数量，于感染ＣＩＡＶ后７～２８ｄ较对照组明显减少，表明１日龄感染ＣＩＡＶ雏鸡免疫器官组织的细胞免疫功能明显降低．     

鸡贫血因子病的免疫病理学变化

 用鸡贫血病毒（CAV）感染1日龄健康AA雏鸡，以未感染同龄雏鸡为对照，在感染后7、14、21、28、35、42和49d检测其免疫器官与体重比值，胸腺、脾脏T细胞白细胞介素2（IL-2）和干扰素（IFN）诱生活性，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏T、B细胞增殖反应，胸腺、法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体及哈德尔腺中α-萘酚酯酶阳性[ANAE#+（+）]T细胞、IgG、IgM、IgA抗体生成细胞数量，外周血液中T、B细胞数量，血清、泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中IgG、IgM、IgA含量的动态变化。揭示了感染鸡细胞因子IL-2、IFN的免疫调节发生障碍、中枢与外周免疫器官的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能呈现抑制，呼吸道与消化道的局部免疫防御功能降低。     

Tumor immunity: tumor suppression in vivo initiated by soluble products of specifically stimulated lymphocytes

Supernatant fluids of specifically stimulated lymphocyte cultures were purified. Fractions containing migration inhibition factor when injected intra-dermally into strain-2 guinea pigs produced a reaction similar in appearance to delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. There was an accumulation of mononuclear cells at the injection sites and the growth of syngeneic tumor grafts at the sites was suppressed.     

Bone marrow-derived lymphoid cells (B cells): functional depletion with cobra factor and fresh serum

Treatment of rat spleen cells with cobra factor and fresh rat serum provided a simple, rapid means of functionally eliminating complement receptor lymphocytes. Cells able to differentiate into plaque-forming cells in a syngeneic, irradiated host were diminished, but cells able to induce a graft-versus-host reaction were not diminished. There was no effect on plaque-forming cells from an immune spleen.     

鸡马立克氏病疫苗免疫后的免疫学变化

实验对１日龄雏鸡接种ＭＤ三价疫苗或ＨＶＴ疫苗后的免疫应答变化进行了检测．发现ＭＤ疫苗免疫后：（１）脾脏、胸腺Ｔ细胞ＩＬ—２诱生活性和ＩＬ—２Ｒ表达明显增强或增多，表明ＩＬ—２的免疫调节作用增强；（２）胸腺、法氏囊和脾脏中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量及Ｔ细胞增殖功能明显增高，表明中枢与外周免疫器官的细胞免疫和体液免疫应答显著增强；（３）盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜淋巴组织中Ｔ细胞和抗体生成细胞数量以及泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中ＩｇＡ，ＩｇＧ，ＩｇＭ含量明显增多，表明呼吸道与消化道的局部免疫应答也显著增强；（４）ＭＤ三价疫苗免疫鸡的上述免疫应答变化比ＨＶＴ疫苗免疫鸡明显．     

龙葵多糖抗肿瘤和免疫调节作用的研究

[目的]研究龙葵多糖对小鼠荷宫颈癌(U14)生长的抑制及对荷瘤小鼠免疫调节作用。[方法]MTT法检测龙葵多糖体外对U14细胞增殖的影响;建立U14宫颈癌腹水瘤模型,观察给药后,对腹水型肿瘤的抑制作用和对荷瘤小鼠存活时间的影响;用ELISA法检测龙葵多糖干扰对荷瘤小鼠血清中IL-44和IFN-γ水平的影响。[结果]龙葵多糖体内有显著抑制小鼠宫颈癌U14细胞生长的作用,并且能够显著延长荷瘤小鼠的生命周期。细胞因子检测结果表明,龙葵多糖可显著增加荷瘤小鼠血清IFN-γ水平,显著降低血清中IL-44的水平。[结论]龙葵多糖具有抑制腹水型肿瘤U14生长、延长荷瘤小鼠存活时间的作用,推测该多糖可能是通过激活机体内免疫系统的活动,进而调节细胞因子的分泌而发挥其抗肿瘤作用。     

雏鸡对新城疫疫苗的免疫应答及其免疫保护机理

本实验共用240只1日龄健康雏鸡,分别于14,14和28日龄点眼滴鼻接种 Lasota 疫苗,在免疫后不同时期,采取实验鸡血液、泪液、肠液、气管液和胆汁、脾脏、法氏囊、胸腺、盲肠扁桃体、丕氏斑、十二指肠及哈德尔腺、支气管,检测了相应的 IgG,IgA,IgM 和 HI 滴度。T,B 细胞数量和功能,淋巴细胞数量以及浆细胞和酸性α-萘酚酯酶阳性 T 细胞(ANAE~+T)数量的动态变化。实验结果,雏鸡免疫后,脾脏、法氏囊和胸腺中 ANAR~+T 细胞与浆细胞显著增加,消化道和呼吸道相关局部免疫组织中的浆细胞、ANAE~+T 细胞数量也明显上升;与此相应,血液 T 细胞和脾脏 B 细胞免疫功能显著增强;血液 T,B 细胞、淋巴细胞数量显著升高;血清、泪液、气管液、胆汁和肠液中的 IgG,IgA,IgM 含量和 HI 滴度均程度不同地增加。免疫鸡脾脏、盲肠扁桃体和丕氏斑的淋巴小结数量增多,直径增大。这些表明免疫鸡不仅全身和局部的体液免疫反应,而且其细胞免疫应答也显著增强。雏鸡新城疫二免后,其免疫器官和局部免疫组织的浆细胞和 ANAE~+T 细胞进一步增多,血液 T 细胞和脾脏 B 细胞免疫功能也增强;血液 T 细胞。B 细胞与淋巴细胞数及 IgG,IgA,IgM含量和 HI 滴度程度不等地增加;泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁的前述指标均升高,说明雏鸡 ND二免产生了显著的体液免疫和细胞免疫增强作用。新城疫强毒攻击后,对照鸡免疫器官组织和相应体液中的免疫指标均明显降低。呈现全身和局部免疫机能衰竭,全部死亡。与此相反,二免鸡免疫应答水平进一步提高,明显优于一免鸡,获得可靠的免疫保护,这与其显著增强的全身和局部细胞免疫和体液免疫反应密切相关。     

感染传染性法氏囊病毒雏鸡对新城疫疫苗的免疫应答抑制和机理

本研究在雏鸡1日龄时感染法氏囊病毒,14日龄时点眼、滴鼻接种新城疫疫苗,检测了感染鸡ND免疫后其外周血液、泪液、气管液、肠液、胆汁中IgG,IgM,IgA含量,血液T细胞免疫功能和脾脏B细胞抗体生成功能、血清、泪液和气管液HI滴度的变化,测定了血液T,B细胞与淋巴细胞数量以及法氏囊、胸腺、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、哈德尔腺、十二指肠粘膜、丕氏斑,支气管粘膜的浆细胞和酸性α-萘酚酯酶阳性T细胞(ANAE~+T)数量的动态变化。结果如下: 1)1日龄感染IBDV雏鸡ND免疫后,其法氏囊、脾脏、盲肠扁桃体、十二指肠粘膜固有层、丕氏斑、哈德尔腺、支气管粘膜固有层的浆细胞数量和脾脏B细胞抗体生成功能均显著降低;外周血液B细胞数量、HI滴度、血清、泪液、气管液、肠液和胆汁IgG,IgA,IgM含量较对照免疫鸡显著减少,这表明感染鸡对ND疫苗的全身和消化道、呼吸道相关局部的体液免疫应答功能显著抑制。 2)感染鸡ND免疫后,其胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊、消化道和呼吸道相关局部免疫组织的ANAE~+T细胞数量、外周血液T细胞免疫功能和T细胞数量均显著低于正常免疫鸡,这说明感染鸡对ND疫苗的全身和局部细胞免疫应答机能显著减弱。 3)ND强毒攻击后,感染鸡的ND免疫保护率明显低于健康免疫鸡,其免疫保护效应降低,与其对ND强毒的全身和消化道、呼吸道局部体液免疫和细胞免疫反应水平显著下降密切相关。     

Influence of REV and ALV-J Co-Infection on Immunologic Function of T Lymphocytes and Histopathology in Broiler Chickens

The aim of present investigation is to study the effect of single- and co-infection with REV and ALV-J on T lymphocytes bioactivities and histopathology in broiler chickens. The bioactivities of blood and spleen T lymphocytes including lymphoproliferation responses, cytotoxicitic responses, and histopathology of spleen were detected in broiler chickens singly- or co-infected with REV and ALV-J at different days post inoculation and the virus expressions in spleen of infected broiler chickens were detected with immunofluorescence assay （IFA）. The results indicated that blood and spleen T lymphocytes proliferation responses and cytotoxicity in broilers infected with REV or/and ALV-J were inhibited in the whole observed period compared with controls. In the co-infected chickens they were highly inhibited than in the single-infected. The histopathology of spleen in infected chickens at 17 and 37 d post inoculation （dpi） indicated that cell interium increased, the numbers of lymphocytes decreased, and the regrowth were destroyed or decreased, especially more significantly at 17 than at 37 dpi. The different numbers of virus were detected in spleen lymphocytes in REV- infected and/or ALV-J-infected chickens. In the spleen of co-infected chicken, both REV and ALV-J were detected and the total numbers of viruses were more than in chickens singly-infected with REV or ALV-J. Thus, the co-effect of REV and ALV-J caused more immunosuppression on T lymphocytes bioactivities in broiler chickens than single-effect of ALV-J or REV, which contributed to the sever histopathology and the product of tumor cells. This study will be helpful for understanding the effect of co-infection with many viruses and control them in poultry.     

REV与ALV-J共感染对肉鸡T淋巴细胞免疫功能与组织病理学的影响

 【目的】研究致瘤性病毒REV、ALV-J单一感染和共感染肉鸡后血液和脾T淋巴细胞的免疫功能与脾组织病理学的变化。【方法】用一定剂量的REV和ALV-J单一感染及共感染1日龄肉鸡,取感染后不同日龄鸡的血液和脾组织,无菌分离淋巴细胞,用3H-TdR掺入法和MTT法分别检测T淋巴细胞增殖活性和细胞毒T淋巴细胞(CTL)的杀伤活性,并对脾脏进行组织切片、H.E染色检测组织病理学变化,通过免疫荧光抗体结合试验(immunofluorescence assay,IFA)分析组织病毒感染量变化。【结果】感染REV和ALV-J的肉鸡血液和脾T淋巴细胞的增值活性和CTL杀伤活性在整个感染监测期出现降低,单一感染比,共感染两种病毒的肉鸡在某些阶段出现T淋巴细胞免疫功能抑制加重;检测感染后17 d和37 d的脾脏组织病理学变化表明感染病毒的脾脏组织出现间质稀疏,淋巴细胞数量减少,生发层被破坏或减少,17 d较37 d出现病理变化更为明显;同时采用荧光标记的单克隆抗体进行IFA检测发现脾内淋巴细胞含有大量病毒粒子,在共感染两种病毒的肉鸡脾细胞内均检测出两种病毒,且含有病毒数量明显多于单一感染一种病毒的肉鸡。【结论】REV和ALV-J共感染后肉鸡T淋巴细胞功能抑制更为严重,这可能与两种病毒在肉鸡体内数量积聚增加、互为促进有重要关系;同时这两种病毒感染后造成T免疫细胞增殖活性和对肿瘤细胞的杀伤活性降低,可能是病毒持续感染、增殖及组织病变、产生肿瘤细胞的前提,本研究为家禽临床生产中防治REV和ALV-J感染提供免疫学基础。     

Thymus-derived lymphocytes: humoral and cellular reactions distinguished by hydrocortisone

Lymphocytes derived from the thymus (T cells) take part in the induction of humoral antibody and also effect cell-mediated graft-versus-host reactions. Preliminary treatment of mice with hydrocortisone caused an inhibition of T-cell function in humoral immunity, while enhancing the graft-versus-host reactivity of the same population of spleen cells. This suggests that different types of T cells participate in cellular and humoral immune reactions.     

雏鸡新城疫免疫后免疫器官组织的免疫学变化

本文主要研究了雏鸡 ND 免疫后免疫中枢器官(法氏囊、胸腺)、外周免疫器官(脾脏)以及消化道和呼吸道相关的局部免疫组织(盲肠扁桃体、丕氏斑、十二指肠粘膜和肺支气管粘膜淋巴组织、哈德尔腺)中浆细胞,TANAE~+,MΦ,淋巴细胞数的变化。结果表明,ND 免疫后免疫器官组织的体液免疫和细胞免疫应答均增强。     

乳酸菌株植物乳杆菌和粪链球菌对肉鸡免疫性能的影响

将植物乳杆菌和粪链球菌2株乳酸菌分别添加到肉鸡饲料中,通过检测免疫器官指数、胸腺和脾脏的T细胞百分数、白细胞吞噬率、红细胞花环率、血清中新城疫(ND)血凝抑制(HI)抗体效价等指标,探讨了乳酸菌对肉鸡免疫性能的影响.结果表明,2株乳酸菌均能够促进肉鸡胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的发育,增强白细胞的吞噬功能,增加胸腺和脾脏中的T细胞数,提高E-C3bR和E-ICR的花环形成率,以及提高机体产生ND疫苗HI抗体的水平.     

Antigen receptor molecules: inhibition by antiserum against kappa light chains

Rabbit antiserum against mouse kappa chains, the predominant class of light chains found in mouse immunoglobulins, inhibits the immune response in vitro of mouse spleen cells to erythrocyte antigens. The inhibition becomes irreversible if the mouse spleen cells are treated briefly with both antiserum to kappa chains and complement.     

Mediation of immunity to tumor isografts in mice by heterologous ribonucleic acid

The growth of tumor isografts in inbred mice is inhibited by intra-peritoneal injections of syngeneic spleen incubated, in vitro, with ribonucleic acid extracted from guinea pigs immunized with the same mouse tumor. This inhibition is partially tumor-specific. Treatment with ribonuclease abolishes the response.     

犊牛脾脏低分子提取物抗肿瘤作用研究

[目的]研究犊牛脾脏提取物的体内抗肿瘤活性。[方法]采用超滤和离心技术制备脾脏提取物,选取移植型S180荷瘤小鼠为动物模型,腹腔注射脾提取物,观察小鼠存活时间,并计算抑瘤率。[结果]脾脏提取物显著增加S180荷瘤小鼠的存活率,并抑制肿瘤的生长,治疗第15天,最高抑瘤率达到61%。[结论]脾脏提取物是一种分子量小且安全有效的抗肿瘤活性物质。     

Acetylcholine-synthesizing T cells relay neural signals in a vagus nerve circuit

Neural circuits regulate cytokine production to prevent potentially damaging inflammation. A prototypical vagus nerve circuit, the inflammatory reflex, inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α production in spleen by a mechanism requiring acetylcholine signaling through the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expressed on cytokine-producing macrophages. Nerve fibers in spleen lack the enzymatic machinery necessary for acetylcholine production; therefore, how does this neural circuit terminate in cholinergic signaling? We identified an acetylcholine-producing, memory phenotype T cell population in mice that is integral to the inflammatory reflex. These acetylcholine-producing T cells are required for inhibition of cytokine production by vagus nerve stimulation. Thus, action potentials originating in the vagus nerve regulate T cells, which in turn produce the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, required to control innate immune responses.