抗恩诺沙星单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的筛选及竞争ELISA试剂盒的研制

利用合成的完全抗原(BSA-ENR)免疫小鼠,通过细胞融合技术和间接竞争ELISA筛选出了能分泌恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,以此为基础研制恩诺沙星残留检测的竞争ELISA试剂盒(competitive ELISA ENR-Kit),并测定其性能。结果表明:筛选出的2株杂交瘤细胞,单抗亚类均为IgG1型,其中4G1-B3株的ENR mAb间接ELISA效价为1:1.024×106,亲和常数(Ka)为9×1010L/mol;竞争ELISA试剂盒的线性检测范围为0.05~101.6μg/L、灵敏度0.05μg/L、半数抑制浓度(IC50)1.1μg/L,与其他化合物的交叉反应率(CR%)均小于0.01%,鸡肉样、鸡肝样、鱼肉样和牛奶样的平均添加回收率分别为81.5%8、7.6%、84.3%和95%,不同基质添加恩诺沙星标准品做竞争ELISA对ENR-Kit检测结果影响小,试剂盒保存期6个月以上。结果说明该竞争ELISA试剂盒具有快速、敏感、特异、简便等特点,适用于ENR残留的快速检测。     

抗苯巴比妥单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其免疫学特性鉴定

苯巴比妥(PB)经化学修饰在其苯环上引入活性基团氨基,合成半抗原对氨基苯巴比妥(pAPB),用重氮化法将pAPB偶联于BSA,合成人工抗原BSA-pAPB,并用红外(IR)、紫外(UV)、SDS-PAGE鉴定;用BSA-pAPB免疫Balb/C小鼠,细胞融合技术建立抗PB的单克隆抗体mAb(PB mAb)杂交瘤细胞株,体内诱生腹水法制备PB mAb,并鉴定其免疫学特性。结果表明,BSA-pAPB偶联成功,偶联率为1∶19;筛选出1B9、3C4、3F6、4E6共4株杂交瘤细胞,其中最好的4E6株间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清为1∶8.1×102,腹水为1∶6.4×105,同种型为IgG1/κ,亲和常数(Ka)为2.08×1010L/mol,对PB的半数抑制浓度(IC50)为11.35μg/L,与巴比妥的交叉反应率(CR%)为12.4%,与其他化合物无CR。本试验研制出高效价、敏感、特异的PB mAb,可用于PB残留检测的免疫学实验。     

抗链霉素单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其免疫学特性鉴定

用EDC一步法和戊二醛法将SM偶联于载体蛋白牛血清白蛋白(BSA)和OVA,合成免疫原BSA-SM和包被原OVA-SM。用紫外线扫描、SDS-PAGE进行鉴定;用BSA-SM免疫BALB/C小鼠,用杂交瘤技术建立分泌SM mAb的细胞株3F9-C4;对SM mAb的效价、亲和性、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,BSA-SM人工抗原分子结合比为1∶25;筛选出3F9-C4敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞1株,间接ELISA测定细胞培养上清,效价为1∶3.2×102,同种型为IgG2a/κ;腹水的亲和常数(Ka)为8.4×1011L/mol;IC50为8.99μg/L,与双氢链霉素交叉反应为109.6%,与其他SM结构相似物和功能近似物无交叉反应性。本试验获得了抗SM高价、敏感、特异的mAb,可用于SM的残留检测。     

抗苯巴比妥单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株的筛选及ciELISA试剂盒的研制

用BSA-pAPB免疫Balb/c小鼠，用细胞融合技术制备并用间接ELISA和阻断ELISA筛选抗苯巴比妥单克隆抗体(PB mAb)杂交瘤细胞株，体内诱生腹水法生产PB mAb，应用PB mAb研制PB残留竞争ELISA(ciELISA)快速检测试剂盒(PB-Kit)，并测定其性能。结果表明，筛选出3株杂交瘤细胞，最好的3F6-C4株的PB mAb间接ELISA效价为1∶6.4×105，亲和常数(Ka)为1.96×1010 L/moL，半数抑制浓度(IC50)为5.7 μg/L，与巴比妥的交叉反应率(CR%)12.4%，与其它化合物无CR；PB-Kit的线性检测范围1.0～81 μg/L，灵敏度0.75 μg/L，检测限1 μg/L；饲料样和猪尿样的平均添加回收率85.8%和91.3%，平均批内和批间变异系数均<15%。PB-Kit具有快速、敏感、特异、简便等特点，适合PB残留快速检测的推广应用。     

磺胺二甲氧嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性鉴定

用重氮化法将SDM(磺胺二甲氧嘧啶)偶联于载体蛋白BSA和OVA,合成免疫原BSA-SDM和包被原OVA-SDM,并用紫外扫描(UV)、SDS-PAGE进行鉴定;用BSA-SDM免疫BALB/C小鼠,间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠;应用杂交瘤技术建立分泌SDM mAb细胞株,用体内诱生腹水法制备SDM mAb;对SDM mAb的效价、亲和性、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果表明,BSA-SDM人工抗原制备成功,分子结合比约为1∶12.1;筛选出1B43、D9、4E1共3株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞,间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清分别为1∶3.2×102、1∶5.12×102、1∶8.1×102,腹水分别为1∶2.56×105、1∶2.56×1051、∶5.12×105,4E1亲和常数(Ka)为1.25×1010L/mol;4E1株对SDM的IC50为16.64ng/ml,与磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶交叉反应率为5%,与其他磺胺类药物无交叉反应性。本试验获得了抗SDM高价、敏感、特异的mAb,可用于SDM残留检测的免疫学试验。     

磺胺甲噁唑单克隆抗体的研制及免疫金标试纸检测方法的建立

用磺胺甲噁唑人工免疫原（BSA-SMZ）免疫BALB/C小鼠（Mus muscalus）,细胞融合技术筛选抗磺胺甲噁唑单克隆抗体（SMZmAb）杂交瘤细胞,体内诱生腹水法制备SMZ mAb,并鉴定其免疫学特性;应用SMZmAb研制SMZ残留快速检测金标试纸（SMZ-strip）,并测定其性能。结果表明,筛选出3株杂交瘤细胞,其中最好的3G6株间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清为1∶8.1×102,腹水为1∶6.4×105,亲和常数（Ka）为3.07×109 L/mol,对SMZ的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为12.4 μg/L,与磺胺嘧啶的交叉反应率（CR%）为2.84%,与其它磺胺类药物无交叉反应;SMZ-strip目测检测限为6 μg/L;其敏感性与竞争ELISA试剂盒相当,符合率为100%;SMZ-strip具有快速、敏感、特异、简便等特点,适合于SMZ残留快速检测的推广应用。     

磺胺甲嗯唑单克隆抗体的研制及免疫金标试纸检测方法的建立

用磺胺甲嗯唑人工免疫原（BSA-SMZ）免疫BALB／C小鼠（Mus muscalus）,细胞融合技术筛选抗磺胺甲嗯唑单克隆抗体（SMZ mAb）杂交瘤细胞,体内诱生腹水法制备SMZ mAb,并鉴定其免疫学特性;应用SMZ mAb研制SMZ残留快速检测金标试纸（SMZ-strip）,并测定其性能。结果表明,筛选出3株杂交瘤细胞,其中最好的3G6株间接ELISA效价细胞培养上清为1：8.1&#215;10^2,腹水为1：6.4&#215;10^5,亲和常数（K=a）为3.07&#215;10^9L／mol,对SMZ的半数抑制浓度（IC50）为12.4μg／L,与磺胺嘧啶的交叉反应率（CR％）为2.84％,与其它磺胺类药物无交叉反应;SMZ-strip目测检测限为6μg/L;其敏感性与竞争ELISA试剂盒相当,符合率为100％;SMZ-strip具有快速、敏感、特异、简便等特点,适合于SMZ残留快速检测的推广应用。     

二氟沙星残留检测直接竞争ELISA方法的建立

应用分泌抗二氟沙星(DIF)单克隆抗体(DIFmAb)的杂交瘤细胞株建立直接竞争ELISA分析方法.特异性实验结果表明,与达氟沙星的交叉反应率为0.32%,与其它氟喹诺酮类药物和磺胺类药物无交叉反应,该方法对DIF的检测限可达到0.1μg/L,半数抑制浓度IC(50)为2.2 μg/L,线性范围0.1～128.0μg/L,平均批内和批间变异系数小于15%.对牛奶和鸡肉分别添加0.4、2.0、10.0和50.0μg/L DIF标准品.平均回收率分别为89.3%和83.9%.直接竞争ELISA准确度高、重复性好、特异性强,适用于DIF残留快速检测的推广应用.     

喹乙醇单克隆抗体的制备及其免疫学特性的鉴定

通过质谱法鉴定合成喹乙醇-半琥珀酸酯(OLA-HS),紫外法及凝胶电泳法鉴定全抗原OLA-BSA和OLA-OVA后,使用杂交瘤技术制备喹乙醇单克隆抗体(OLA mAb),对其效价、亲和力、敏感性、特异性及亚型进行鉴定,并通过体内诱生腹水法进行大量制备。试验结果表明,本研究成功制备了OLA-HS,且半抗原与载体蛋白偶联成功;筛选出的5株杂交瘤细胞单抗同种型均为IgG1,细胞培养上清间接ELISA效价在1∶3.0×102～1∶1.28×103之间,用4E12细胞株制作的腹水效价为1∶5.12×105。OLAmAb亲和常数Ka为3.75×1010L/mol,对OLA的IC50为1.51ng/ml,且具有较好的特异性。试验获得了高效价、敏感、特异的OLA mAb,可用于动物性食品中OLA残留检测的免疫学试验。     

西马特罗杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其单克隆抗体制备和鉴定

用重氮化法将牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和卵清蛋白（OVA）分别与西马特罗（CIM）偶联作为免疫原或包被原,用BSA-CIM免疫BALB/c小鼠,经过3次免疫后,OVA-CIM包被后用间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠,选择高效价、高敏感性和高特异性的小鼠进行抗原超强免疫;取脾细胞应用杂交瘤技术与骨髓瘤细胞建立分泌CIM单克隆抗体（Monoclonal antibody,mAb）的杂交瘤细胞株;用体内诱生腹水法制备CIM mAb,对CIM mAb的效价、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果显示免疫的6只小鼠血清抗体效价均达到10-3;融合后筛选出3B11-H4、2A11-G11和4F5-F11共3株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞,其细胞培养上清液效价分别为1∶800、1∶1600和1∶1600,腹水效价分别为1∶2.56×106、1∶1.02×107和1∶2.56×107,3B11-H4株对CIM的IC50为040ng/ml,与瘦肉精、莱克多巴胺等其他β2激动剂交叉反应性小于02%。本试验获得了高效价、敏感、特异的抗CIM mAb,为CIM残留ELISA检测试剂盒和试纸条的建立奠定了坚实的基础。     

特布他林杂交瘤细胞株的建立及其单克隆抗体制备与鉴定

分别通过1,4丁二醚法和EDC法将特布他林偶联于载体蛋白BSA和OVA上,用BSA-TBL免疫BALB/c小鼠,经过3次免疫后,OVA-TBL包被后用间接ELISA和阻断ELISA选择细胞融合备用鼠,选择高效价、高敏感性和高特异性的小鼠进行抗原进行冲击免疫;无菌手术取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合建立分泌TBL单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株;采用体内诱生腹水法制备TBL mAb,并对TBL mAb的效价、敏感性和特异性等免疫学特性进行鉴定。结果显示,免疫的6只小鼠血清抗体效价均达到10-4;融合后筛选出4C08-G5和3H3-A02共2株敏感特异的杂交瘤细胞,其细胞培养上清液效价分别为1∶800和1∶1600,腹水效价分别为1∶2.56×105和1∶1.02×106;4C08-G5株分泌的抗体对TBL的IC50为5.25ng/ml,与瘦肉精、莱克多巴胺等其他β2激动剂交叉反应性小于3%。本试验获得了抗TBL mAb,为TBL残留免疫检测方法的建立奠定了坚实的基础。     

Exploring the potential for top-dressing bread wheat with ammonium chloride to minimize grain yield losses under drought

The frequency and severity of drought is predicted to rise in many parts of the world. Considering that drought is the main constraint on rain-fed wheat crop production, both agronomic and genetic measures have been taken to minimize yield losses under drought. Beyond its role as a micronutrient, chloride also acts as an osmoticum, implicated in the regulation of stomatal aperture. This study explores the potential for chloride fertilization of Australian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to minimize grain yield losses caused by drought stress. For this, two drought-tolerant commercial genotypes (Mace and Gladius) and a well-studied drought-tolerant genotype used in wheat breeding (RAC875) were treated with ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, or ammonium bicarbonate, the latter two treatments served as controls for chloride and ammonium, respectively. Plants were grown under either a watered or water-restricted (drought) regime. The genotype RAC875 was found to accumulate leaf chloride at a significantly higher level than the other genotypes under optimal growth conditions. Under drought conditions, top-dressing RAC875 plants with ammonium chloride resulted in up to a 2.5-fold increase in grain number and this effect was not seen when plants were top-dressed with either of the control fertilizers. The ammonium chloride treatment also minimized losses of grain yield in RAC875 plants grown under drought. Treatment effects were accompanied by an increase in stomatal conductance. These results collectively suggest that the compound fertilizer ammonium chloride can improve drought tolerance of wheat.     

Development of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl

Hybridomas secreting a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl (CE) were produced by fusing the mouse myeloma cell line (SP2/0) with splenocytes from a mouse immunized against the conjugate of the sulfonamide moiety of CE and bovine serum albumin (BSA). The mAb, designated 1F5C5A10, had very weak affinity with metsulfuron, ethametsulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, bensulfuron, and chlorsulfuron. Two mAb-based indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (icELISA) were developed. A conventional icELISA (icELISA-I) showed a concentration of half-maximum inhibition (IC(50)) of 11.6 ng/mL with a dynamic range of 1.6-84 ng/mL. A simplified icELISA (icELISA-II) had an IC(50) of 28.7 ng/mL and a dynamic range of 2.2-372 ng/mL. The two assays were tested on spiked water and soil samples. CE (1-500 ng/mL) fortified in water samples could be analyzed directly without any sample preparation by both immunoassays with an average recovery between 74 and 114%. icELISA-II, but not icELISA-I, was able to accurately analyze the herbicide residues in the crude soil extracts with recoveries between 99 and 129% without obvious matrix effects due to its lesser amount of sample used. In contrast to icELISA-I, icELISA-II is more convenient, whereas it consumes more reagents of coating antigen and goat anti-mouse IgG-peroxidase.     

人工雌性激素己烯雌酚单克隆抗体的制备及表征

合成了己烯雌酚的半抗原CP-DES,并将半抗原与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵清蛋白(OVA)共价偶联制备免疫原和包被原。将免疫好的Balb/c小鼠脾脏细胞和SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,筛选出了1株能稳定分泌己烯雌酚单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株2D87C412C7。分析该杂交瘤细胞的染色体,并以间接酶联免疫吸附分析法(iELISA)检测了单克隆抗体免疫球蛋白的类型。获得的杂交瘤细胞的平均染色体数目为45-50对左右,它分泌IgG1亚类的单克隆抗体。该细胞株体外传代和冻存复苏后抗体分泌稳定,细胞上清效价大于640,诱导腹水效价大于108,该单克隆抗体的检测限IC20=2.3ng/ml,与己烯雌酚结构类似物存在一定的交叉反应,与两种载体蛋白(BSA,OVA)无交叉反应。本研究为己烯雌酚ELISA检测方法的建立提供了条件。