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1.
Andreja Repe Thomas Kirisits Barbara Piškur Maarten de Groot Bojka Kump Maja Jurc 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(7):717-727
Context
Ophiostomatoid fungi can severely affect the health and economic value of Norway spruce trees (Picea abies). Although the diversity of ophiostomatoid species and their associations with insects have been well-investigated in central and northern Europe, little is known about the conditions in south-eastern Europe.Aim
This study aims to study the assemblages of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with three bark beetle species (Ips typographus, Ips amitinus, and Pityogenes chalcographus) that infect Norway spruce in Slovenia.Methods
Bark beetles were sampled in four phytogeographic regions in Slovenia. The fungi found on the bark beetles were identified based on morphology, DNA sequence comparisons of ITS regions and phylogenetic analysis. The species compositions of the fungal associates of the three insect species were compared and the pairwise associations of the occurrence of the fungal species were analysed.Results
Thirteen different species were found. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of the beetles were Ophiostoma bicolor, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum, Grosmannia piceiperda, Ophiostoma ainoae, Ceratocystiopsis minuta, and Grosmannia penicillata. The composition of the fungal associates differed among the bark beetle species, but not among the phytogeographic regions.Conclusions
This study confirms that ophiostomatoid species are common associates of the investigated bark beetle species. Many ophiostomatoid species have strong host associations. I. typographus and P. chalcographus can act as effective vectors for O. bicolor, O. ainoae, G. piceiperda and O. brunneo-ciliatum, whereas I. amitinus often carries G. piceiperda and C. minuta in Slovenian forests. 相似文献2.
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Nobuaki Ohtaka Hayato Masuya Shigeru Kaneko Yuichi Yamaoka Masashi Ohsawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2002,7(3):145-151
Relationships between tree mortality and bark beetle infestation onAbies veitchii at the wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Asahi, Okuchichibu area were investigated. Most of the firs with green needles and
newly developed current year’s shoots in the dieback zone were heavily infested by bark beetles before the death of the trees.
After heavy infestation of beetles, about half of the infested firs died within the year, and the other half died in the next
year. When the species composition of bark beetles and associated ophiostomatoid fungi were investigated in Mt. Asahi and
also at a typical wave-regenerated forest in Mt. Shimagare, Yatsugatake area,Cryphalus montanus andC. piceae were dominant beetle species for Mt. Asahi and Mt. Shimagare, respectively.Ophiostoma subalpinum andO. europhioides were dominant fungal species at both wave-generated forests. BecauseO. subalpinum was detected more frequently from deeper areas of sapwood thanO. europhioides, it was suggested that the fungal species may accelerate the death of stressed firs in wave-regenerated forests.
Contribution No. 169, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Tsukuba. 相似文献
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《Forest Ecology and Management》1999,123(1):31-40
Relative population levels and flight periods of Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Col.: Scolytidae) and two of its main predators, Thanasimus formicarius (L.) (Col.: Cleridae) and Rhizophagus depressus (F.) (Col.: Monotomidae) were monitored in 1995 in eight Scots pine stands in central Sweden using flight barrier traps (five per stand) baited with α-pinene and ethanol. In four of the stands (A-stands) T. piniperda and associated species had reproduced the previous year in stumps and slash remaining after thinnings conducted in the winter of 1993/1994. In the remaining four stands (B-stands) no bark beetle breeding material had been available during the five preceding years. In addition, the flight periods of the species were monitored in one stand in 1996. In 1995 the catches of T. piniperda and R. depressus were four to five times higher in the A-stands than in the B-stands, whereas there was no difference in the catch of T. formicarius between the two kinds of stands. The T. formicarius/T. piniperda ratio was ca. 50 times higher in the B-stands compared with the A-stands during the period of clerid predation on colonising bark beetle adults and six times higher during the period of clerid oviposition. The R. depressus/T. piniperda ratio was only slightly higher in the A-strands than in the B-stands as a result of the spatial distribution of T. piniperda. Three additional species of bark beetle predators were caught: Glischrochilus quadripunctatus (L.), Pityophagus ferrugineus (F.) (Col.: Nitidulidae) and Rhizophagus ferrugineus (Payk.) (Col.: Monotomidae). Based on their seasonal abundance the bark beetle predators can be divided into three temporal groups: the first species to occur in the spring is G. quadripunctatus, the second group consists of R. depressus and T. formicarius, and the last species to initiate flight are R. ferrugineus and P. ferrugineus. 相似文献
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用纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌——云南半帚孢Laeptographium yunnanense的毒素处理后,云南松和华山松体内与抗病性密切相关的过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性都明显地下降,表明该毒素可以通过抑制寄主体内与抗性有关的酶的活性来削弱寄主的抗性,从而有利于菌在寄主体内侵染生长。云南松的酶活性下降的程度较大,而华山松的酶活性较高,毒素处理后活性受抑制的程度相对较小,这表明华山松对云南半帚孢的抗御能力较云南松的强,这也是云南境内云南松受害严重而华山松受害轻微的重要原因之一。 相似文献
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Ophiostomatoid fungi are known to be associated with various species of bark beetles. However, information about fungal associates of root‐feeding bark beetles in Europe is still fragmentary. For this reason, the fungal associates of Hylastes ater, H. opacus and Hylurgus ligniperda on Pinus sylvestris were isolated and identified. A total of 743 fungal isolates were collected and separated into 10 morphological groups. Analyses of ITS rDNA and partial β‐tubulin gene sequences confirmed that these groups represented distinct species. The 10 species included a total of 13 associations between fungi and bark beetles that had not been recorded previously. All of the bark beetles examined were frequently associated with ophiostomatoid fungi. The fungal diversity and relative abundance of species were very similar in the three species of root‐feeding bark beetles. The most commonly encountered associates of these beetles were Grosmannia radiaticola, Leptographium lundbergii, L. procerum and L. truncatum. Insect infestation data furthermore suggest that Hylastes spp. and Hg. ligniperda are also important vectors of the fungal pathogen Sphaeropsis sapinea. 相似文献
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纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌危害机理的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
该文对纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌Leptographium yunnanense的危害机理作了初步研究,结果表明,L.yunnanense在与小伴随侵入后,产生致病毒素对寄主树林进行危害,从而辅助纵坑切梢小蠹成功定殖于寄主树木内,该毒素在低浓度条件下仍维持一定的致病力,进一步表明伴生菌在小蠹虫成功蛀害的过程中具有重要的作用。 相似文献
8.
M. Arias L. Robertson A. Garcia‐Alvarez S. C. Arcos M. Escuer R. Sanz J. P. Mansilla 《Forest Pathology》2005,35(5):375-383
A survey of the xylophagous insects in the conifer forests, mainly Pinus pinaster woodlands, in Spain was carried out in order to study the phoretic vectors of nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus. Fifteen environmental sites were characterized on the bases of altitude, rainfall, temperature and conifer species. Specimens of Orthotomicus erosus (n = 3476) were captured of which 59% carried nematodes under their elytrous, most of them were aphelenchid fungal‐feeding nematodes, but B. fungivorus was found on the beetles from Las Cumbres, Villa Blanca, (Huelva), southern Spain, which represent the first record of O. erosus as vector of a Bursaphelenchus sp. The nematode is characterized by morphometric and biomolecular techniques and distribution and ecology of the insect is discussed. 相似文献
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纵坑切梢小蠹是欧亚大陆的主要森林害虫之一。文章系统综述了目前国内外分子生物学技术。包括PCR扩增后电泳分析、PCR-RAPD、PCR—RFLP分析和DNA序列分析等技术在纵坑切梢小蠹研究中所取得的一些重大成果,重点介绍了纵坑切梢小蠹起源及与近缘种的遗传学关系等最新研究进展。 相似文献
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石林县云南松纵坑切梢小蠹危害及其综合治理措施 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对石林县云南松纵坑切梢小蠹的危害情况进行调查分析,从石林县森林资源特点、气候因子、立地条件以及林分自身状况等方面探讨松小蠹发生危害的原因,并根据松小蠹的生物学、生态学习性,从监测检疫、营林措施、生化防治等方面提出综合治理措施. 相似文献
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应用聚集信息素监测与防治纵坑切梢小蠹 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
监测和防治试验结果表明:最好的诱芯9诱集效果是对照诱集效果的7706.8倍,是饵木的20.49倍;效果中等的诱芯1的诱集量是对照的4288.4倍,是饵木的11.4倍;效果最差的诱芯5诱集量为对照的830倍,是饵木的2.19倍。这一结果肯定了聚集信息素诱虫灵敏度高、效果好的特性。同时虫口密度、有虫株率和梢被害率3项指标的减退率证实了应用聚集信息素防治纵坑切梢小蠹的效果显著可靠。其虫口密度减退率平均为94.35%,有虫株率减退率平均为87.7%,被害梢减退率为88.39%。 相似文献
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Inoculations of fungi or introductions of insects were performed on Scots pines. The monoterpene composition of the induced resin differed from that of preformed resin, but did not depend on the nature of the aggression on a same tree. There were variations in the composition of induced resin according to tree. Mycelial growth was strongly limited, more by the increase in resin quantity and total monoterpene quantity than by the qualitative changes of the monoterpene composition. Monoterpenes appeared very toxic for Tomicus piniperda, but not for Ips sexdentatus. 相似文献
16.
自 1997年以来 ,在沾益县菱角乡和白水镇蠹害林区内设置样地 ,通过连续几年的观察 ,对小蠹虫的生活史 ,成虫蛀梢、蛀干危害习性进行了系统地研究 ,并组建了纵坑切梢小蠹自然种群生命表 ,通过对 10 0 0hm2 的受蠹害林区的综合防治 ,平均受害株率从防治前的 6 1 5 %下降到 17 8% ,受害梢率从 34 9%下降到 10 4 % ,效果显著 相似文献
17.
比较研究了不同生物检测材料及方法在纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌——云南半帚孢毒素的生物活性检测上的适应性,结果表明该毒素不仅对云南松产生病害作用,对思茅松和华山松同样产生病害作用。用切根幼苗为材料对该毒素进行生测,所需时间虽较短,但幼苗所产生的症状较复杂,不易观察和确定;以松树及其木段为材料将该毒素进行接种试验,则在韧皮部位形成明显的反应区,与接菌产生的反应症状一样,容易确定,但木段上出现反应症状的时间较短,因此,以木段为材料,采用接种法进行该毒素活性检测较好。 相似文献
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云南松切梢小蠹虫在攀枝花市的发生面积已经达到3.35万hm^2,是攀枝花市的主要森林病虫害。本文分析了该害虫在攀枝花市爆发的原因,总结和探讨了防治对策。 相似文献
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本文研究了纵坑切梢小蠹伴生菌云南半帚孢Leptographium yunnanense在不同温度下,在PDA培养基,云南松木段和活树上的生长变化情况,结果表明:在5-20℃温度范围内,真菌的生长随温度的升高而加快,云南松韧皮反应区长度逐渐增大;在20-35℃温度范围内,真菌的生长随温度的升高而逐渐减弱,韧皮反应区逐渐减小,说明温度变化使真菌的生长力与云南松的抗性之间的对比力量改变,从而导致真菌的生长长度和韧皮反应区发生相应变化。 相似文献