饲喂IgG对仔猪血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验分两批选用 12 0 ,6 0头大白仔猪 ,出生 2 4h之内饲喂不同剂量的免疫球蛋白制剂 0 ,4 80 ,96 0mg ,均吮食初乳。于仔猪 5 ,10 ,15日龄前腔静脉采血 ,测定血清总蛋白、血清IgG、血清碱性磷酸酶和血红蛋白含量 ,并测定仔猪断奶时增重 ,哺乳前、后期平均日增重。结果表明 :饲喂不同水平的IgG ,仔猪 5 ,10日龄血清总蛋白、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。饲喂高水平IgG(96 0mg)的仔猪 ,5日龄血清IgG水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。哺乳前期 (0～ 15日龄 )各处理组仔猪平均日增重显著高对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,断奶时增重也显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。     

免疫球蛋白制剂对仔猪增重和某些血液指标的影响

本试验选用新生大白仔猪130头，随机分为5组，每组26头。A组为对照组，其余各组饲喂不同剂量的免疫球蛋白制剂。观察对仔猪断奶时的增重和10、20日龄血清总蛋白、血红蛋白含量的影响。结果表明：饲喂10m1(B组)免疫球蛋白制剂的仔猪，其20日龄血清总蛋白含量及10、20日龄血红蛋白含量均极显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)；饲喂10m12次(C组)的仔猪，其10、20日龄血红蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P＜0．05)；B、C组断奶时增重均极显著高于对照组(P＜0．01)。结果显示，10m1免疫球蛋白制剂(48．4mg／ml）为最适添加剂量。     

饲喂猪血浆IgG对仔猪血液生化指标和平均日增重的影响

本实验分两批选用120头大白仔猪(40,80头),随机分为4组,均食初乳。A组为对照组,其余各组均于出生后24h之内饲喂不同剂量的血浆免疫球蛋白制剂,观察对仔猪5、10、15日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性、血清IgG浓度和平均日增重的影响。结果表明,饲喂免疫球蛋白制剂900mg的仔猪,其5、10日龄血清碱性磷酸酶活性和5日龄血清IgG浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0-15日龄平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

牛初乳IgG对仔猪增重和血液指标的影响

选取10窝1日龄大白仔猪60头,随机分为3组。按不同剂量(0、500mg、1000mg)灌服牛初乳IgG,分别测定不同处理组仔猪日增重、血清总蛋白含量、血清牛IgG浓度,旨在探讨新生仔猪吸收异源IgG能力及异源IgG对仔猪生产性能及机体免疫功能的影响。结果显示,灌服IgG1000mg的仔猪,0～15日龄日增重、5、10日龄血清总蛋白含量显著高于对照组(0)(P<0.05),实验组5日龄血清牛IgG浓度较高,并能有效降低仔猪腹泻头次。     

免疫球蛋白源对新生仔猪存活率、生长性能、血液因子和免疫因子的影响

试验评定了在新生仔猪2日龄内饲喂不同免疫球蛋白[母猪初乳(靠吮乳) ,SC ;无初乳 ,NC ;牛初乳 ,BC ;猪免疫球蛋白 ,PI]对仔猪19d试验期内存活率、生长性能、采食量、饲料转化率、腹泻发生率和几种血液与免疫因子的影响。2日龄后 ,所有仔猪均饲喂同样的基础液体饲料。每个处理组10只新生杂交仔猪 ,NC、BC和PI组仔猪出生后、SC组猪2日龄后用自动饲喂器单个饲养。在试验期末 ,SC和PI组所有仔猪、BC和NC组分别有80 %和30 %(P<0.01)的仔猪存活。各处理组存活仔猪生长性能、采食量、饲料转化率(增重/采食量)是相似的(P>0.05)。在5日龄～7日龄时有20 %～50 %仔猪出现短暂的生理性腹泻 ,10日龄时 ,所有仔猪都排泄干粪。NC处理组仔猪血球蛋白含量与血球比容低于其它处理组(P<0.05)。SC处理组仔猪总血清蛋白、三氯乙酸凝集蛋白和血清IgG含量都高于其它处理组(P<0.01)。这些结果表明 ,猪免疫球蛋白和牛初乳在不喂初乳的新生仔猪人工哺育中用作免疫球蛋白源是令人满意的     

复方党参对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清免疫球蛋白含量的影响

为了进一步明确日粮中添加复方党参制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫性能的影响,以添加0.5%(质量分数)、1.0%(质量分数)复方党参制剂的日粮饲喂3周龄长白三元杂交猪,预试期7 d,试验期28 d,测量平均日增重,测定血清样品中IgA、IgG和IgM的含量。研究结果显示：添加1.0%(质量分数)复方党参制剂的实验2组仔猪末重、日增重显著高于对照组,料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),血清IgA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。实验结果表明：日粮中添加1.0%(质量分数)复方党参对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫性能有较好的促进和改善作用。     

丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清免疫功能、抗氧化能力和肠道形态的影响。选取（21±1）日龄健康断奶仔猪240头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复20头猪。A组（对照组）仔猪饲喂基础日粮,B组、C组、D组分别在基础日粮中添加15、30、60 g/t丁酸梭菌。试验期35 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,C组仔猪断奶第35 d的体重显著提高（P<0.05）。试验第1～35 d,C组仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重显著增加（P<0.05）,料重比显著降低（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,各试验组仔猪断奶第15、35 d血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著提高（P<0.05）,C组、D组仔猪断奶第36 d血清免疫球蛋白A (IgA)含量显著提高（P<0.05）。与对照组相比,C组、D组仔猪断奶第15 d血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著提高（P<0.05）,C组仔猪断奶第35 d血清T-AOC显著提高（P<0.05）;C组、D组仔猪断奶第15、35 d血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著提高（P<0.05）;各...     

复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及血清免疫力的影响

为了研究复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及其血清免疫力的影响,笔者选择21日龄健康断奶仔猪（“杜×长×大”三元杂交仔猪）240头,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复10头猪。试验期50 d。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ在基础日粮中添加0.1 kg/t复合酶制剂;试验组Ⅱ在基础日粮中添加0.2 kg/t复合酶制剂;试验组Ⅲ在基础日粮中添加0.3 kg/t复合酶制剂。研究结果表明,在营养相同的条件下,饲粮中添加复合酶制剂能提高断奶仔猪的日增重、降低料肉比;能提高断奶仔猪血清的IgA、IgG、IgM的含量。与对照组相比,试验组Ⅱ猪只的生长性能和血清免疫力效果最好,在基础日粮中添加0.2 kg/t的复合酶制剂能显著（P<0.05）提高仔猪的平均日增重,显著（P<0.05）降低仔猪的料肉比;在基础日粮中添加0.2 kg/t的复合酶制剂能显著（P<0.05）增加断奶仔猪血清IgA、IgM的含量,极显著增加断奶仔猪血清IgG的含量。综上所述,本次试验中在基础日粮中添加复合酶制剂能提高断奶仔猪的生长性能和血清免疫力,建议最佳添加量为0.2 kg/t。     

复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、粪便微生物和血清指标的影响。试验选用96头35～37日龄的断奶仔猪(长×大),平均体重为(9.70±0.88)kg,将其分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。3个组分别饲喂不含抗生素和益生菌的基础饲粮(对照组),基础饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌复合菌制剂的试验饲粮(复合菌组)和基础饲粮中添加吉他霉素的试验饲粮(抗生素组)。试验期35 d。结果表明:1)整个试验期,饲粮中添加复合菌制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)试验第35天,饲喂复合菌制剂的仔猪粪便大肠杆菌的数量显著低于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05)。3)试验第14天,饲喂复合菌制剂的仔猪血清球蛋白含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而血清白蛋白/球蛋白显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验第35天,饲喂复合菌制剂的仔猪血清球蛋白含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05),但是血清白蛋白/球蛋白显著低于抗生素组(P<0.05);整个试验期,不同组间血清白蛋白、尿素氮、肌酸酐含量及碱性磷酸酶活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)试验第14天,饲喂复合菌制剂的仔猪血清免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验第35天,饲喂复合菌制剂的仔猪血清免疫球蛋白A含量显著高于抗生素组(P<0.05)。由此可知,饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌复合菌制剂能降低断奶仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌的数量,增强断奶仔猪免疫力。     

苜蓿多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化和免疫能力的影响

试验旨在研究苜蓿多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和免疫能力的影响。选取80头30日龄体重相近的“杜长大”断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别为对照组（饲喂基础日粮）、低浓度组（饲喂基础日粮+1.0 g/kg苜蓿多糖）、中浓度组（饲喂基础日粮+2.0 g/kg苜蓿多糖）、高浓度组（饲喂基础日粮+3.0 g/kg苜蓿多糖）,每组5个重复,每个重复4头仔猪。试验期共32 d。结果显示：与对照组相比,中浓度组和高浓度组仔猪平均日增重显著提高（P<0.05）,仔猪平均日采食量和料重比显著降低（P<0.05）;中浓度组和高浓度组仔猪血清和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,3个苜蓿多糖组仔猪丙二醛（MDA）含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;中浓度组和高浓度组仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、免疫球蛋白G (IgG)含量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,高浓度组肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)含量显著低于对照组（P&...     

Effect of supplementing sows' feed with alpha-tocopherol acetate and vitamin C on transfer of alpha-tocopherol to piglet tissues, colostrum, and milk: aspects of immune status of piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of sows with alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA) and vitamin C on deposition of alpha-tocopherol (AT) in piglet lymphoid organs, such as bone marrow, thymus, and spleen at birth and at weaning, as well as on indicators of immune response in piglets. Sows were given the following treatment diets: control, vitamin C 10 g/day, ATA 500 mg/kg feed, and combined vitamins (ATA 500+Vit-C 10). Supplementation with vitamins started at the beginning of pregnancy and lasted until weaning at 21+/-3 days of age. AT was determined in colostrum, milk, piglet plasma (cord blood) and tissues at birth and on day 21. Immunoglobulins were measured in piglet plasma, milk, and colostrum. Lymphocyte proliferation in response to PHA and ConA was determined in sow and piglet blood. ATA supplementation resulted in a significant increase (P<0.001) in the AT content of colostrum, milk, piglet plasma, liver, thymus, bone marrow, and spleen at weaning. The AT content of colostrum and milk significantly (P<0.001) influenced the AT content of piglet plasma and tissues at weaning (day 21). Total Ig and IgG concentrations in piglet plasma were significantly increased in piglets given the combined vitamin treatment. No effect of AT supplementation was observed on IgG and IgA in colostrum and milk. In sows, vitamin C given alone significantly increased lymphocyte response to ConA and PHA; whereas, in piglets, there was no significant effect of treatments on lymphocyte response to PHA and ConA.     

Piglet blood glutathione peroxidase levels and preweaning mortality.

The blood glutathione peroxidase levels of one day old piglets from 22 litters were examined. Body weight and piglet survival were monitored in order to assess the relationship between these two factors and blood glutathione peroxidase activity. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets (65 mu/gHb) was significantly lower (p0.001) than the mean level (85 mu/gHb) at weaning. The mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of one day old piglets was not related to the size of the litter, but was related (p less than 0.1) to the mean litter blood glutathione peroxidase level at weaning time. Piglet blood glutathione peroxidase was not related to piglet body weight. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of the sows at one-day post-farrowing was not related to the mean blood glutathione peroxidase activity of their litters at one day of age but was correlated (p less than 0.1) with the mean blood glutathione peroxidase levels of their litters at weaning. Piglet viability was shown to be strongly correlated (p less than 0.001) with body weight at one day of age. The blood glutathione peroxidase level of one day old piglets was weakly associated (p less than 0.1) with piglet survival. Further work is required to clarify this latter observation, which suggests that selenium supplementation to newborn piglets may be beneficial regardless of the dams nutritional status.     

早期断奶转群对仔猪行为、生长性能和血液指标的影响

【目的】 试验旨在研究早期断奶转群对仔猪行为、生长性能和血液指标的影响，探寻适宜的断奶转群模式，为改善仔猪福利水平提供参考。【方法】 选择体况良好、体重相近（6.98 kg±0.63 kg）的21日龄杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪216头（公母各半），随机分为3组，每组6窝，每窝12头。Ⅰ组为对照组，仔猪不断奶不转群；Ⅱ组为断奶转群组，仔猪既断奶又转群；Ⅲ组为断奶非转群组，仔猪只断奶不转群。21日龄时实施早期断奶，试验期14 d。试验期间观察、统计仔猪行为表现、皮肤损伤、死亡率和腹泻率，采集仔猪血液，测定血清皮质醇和免疫指标。【结果】 与对照组相比，Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪采食、休息、玩耍行为极显著下降（P<0.01），探究、独处、哀叫、抱团、攻击和恐人行为极显著上升（P<0.01）。试验处理后第3~5天，Ⅱ组仔猪的皮肤损伤程度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）；Ⅱ组仔猪35日龄体重和平均日增重显著低于对照组（P<0.05），腹泻率极显著高于对照组和Ⅲ组（P<0.01）。各组仔猪死亡率由低到高的顺序为：Ⅰ组（0）<Ⅲ组（1.32%）<Ⅱ组（4%）。在试验处理当天，Ⅱ组仔猪的皮质醇浓度极显著高于对照组（P<0.01），Ⅲ组皮质醇浓度在等3、5天时极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）而极显著低于Ⅱ组（P<0.01）。Ⅱ和Ⅲ组仔猪在第7天免疫球蛋白A （IgA）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）浓度极显著低于对照组（P<0.01），白介素-12（IL-12）和干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）浓度与对照组无显著差异（P>0.05）。【结论】 早期断奶转群不仅影响仔猪的行为表现、皮质醇浓度和免疫力水平，而且导致生长性能下降，皮肤损伤程度、死亡率和腹泻率上升，但早期仅断奶不转群仔猪的应激反应相对较低，可减少对仔猪的不利影响。     

断奶应激对仔猪4项血清脂类代谢指标的影响

为了确定断奶应激对仔猪脂类营养代谢的影响,随机选取体重相近的12头断奶仔猪,分别于仔猪断奶时,断奶后第7天、第14天采取血液进行血清脂类代谢指标测定。结果显示,被检仔猪血清CHO、TG活性在断奶后显著(P<0.05)或极显著升高(P<0.01)。血清HDL、LDL在整个试验期间虽有变化,但均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。表明断奶后第14天时,仔猪对脂类物质吸收增强,脂肪沉积增多,该时期可在饲料中适当添加脂类营养物质,这将有利于调节机体代谢和营养调控。     

Additional dietary zinc for weaning piglets is associated with elevated concentrations of serum IGF-I

Two experiments were performed in order to study how weaning and post-weaning dietary zinc level affect serum IGF-I. Further, whether the growth-enhancing effect of 2500 ppm of dietary zinc (Zn2500) and/or 175 ppm of dietary copper (Cu175) in post-weaning diets is associated with elevated serum IGF-I levels in piglets was studied. Experiment 1 included 54 piglets (six litters of nine piglets). One piglet from every litter was assigned to a control group (blood sampled 1 day before weaning). At weaning the remaining eight piglets from every litter were allocated randomly to four dietary treatments with increasing zinc inclusions (Zn100, Zn250, Zn1000, Zn2500). In exp. 2, 48 piglets (six litters of eight piglets) were allocated to four dietary treatments (Zn100, Zn100Cu175, Zn2500, Zn2500Cu175). All piglets in exp. 1 were blood sampled at -1, 1-2, 5-6 or 14-15 days after weaning and in exp. 2 blood samples were taken from all pigs 5-7 days after weaning. Feed intake was recorded per pen (two piglets) and weight gain was recorded for every piglet. Just after weaning feed intake was very low, piglets lost weight and serum IGF-I decreased in exp. 1. However, the piglets fed 2500 ppm of zinc reached pre-weaning levels of serum IGF-I at 14-15 days post-weaning, whereas piglets receiving lower zinc levels showed no changes in serum IGF-I. In exp. 2, additional dietary zinc in weaning diets for piglets was found to be associated with increased feed intake, improved growth rate and increased serum IGF-I. High levels of dietary copper did not affect any of these measurements. Zinc-induced rise in serum IGF-I was partly due to increased feed intake. After correcting for differences in feed intake, zinc significantly increased serum IGF-I. However, to completely separate effects of feed intake from effects of zinc status, pair-feeding should be considered in future studies.     

The influence of additional fat in the diet of sows before and after parturition on piglet viability and performance

Two hundred and six mature sows were used to evaluate the effect of adding a total of 3 kg of fat to sow diets for an average of eight days before and seven days after parturition on piglet viability and performance.The addition of fat to the diet of sows had no effect on the percentage of piglets born alive, individual piglet birth weight, weight of the piglet at three weeks of age or the weaning to service interval in the sows. However, there was a significant increase in piglet survival (3.4%) between treated and control sows. Birth weight had a marked effect on piglet survival but there was no indication of a greater effect of added fat in the sows' diet on the survival of smaller piglets. A number of piglets were cross-fostered but fostering had no effect on piglet mortality. A comparison of the mortality of piglets born from sows receiving added fat and reared on controls and vice versa indicated that the major benefits of additional fat in the sow diet were effected in utero rather than via an increase in the quality of the sows' milk.     

Influence of birth order,birth weight,colostrum and serum immunoglobulin G on neonatal piglet survival

Background

Intake of colostrum after birth is essential to stimulate intestinal growth and function, and to provide systemic immunological protection via absorption of Immunoglobulin G (IgG). The birth order and weight of 745 piglets (from 75 litters) were recorded during a one-week period of farrowing. Only pigs weighing greater than 0.68 kg birth weight were chosen for the trial. Sow colostrum was collected during parturition, and piglets were bled between 48 and 72 hours post-birth. Piglet serum IgG and colostral IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion.

Results

Sow parity had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on sow colostral IgG concentration, being 5% higher in multiparous females. Sow colostral IgG concentration explained 6% and piglet birth order accounted for another 4% of the variation observed in piglet serum IgG concentration (P < 0.05); however, birth weight had no detectable effect. Piglet serum IgG concentration had both a linear (P < 0.05) and quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on % survival. Piglets with 1,000 mg/dl serum IgG or less (n=24) had a 67% survival; whereas, piglets with IgG concentrations between 2250 to 2500 mg/dl (n=247) had a 91% survival. Birth order had no detectable effect on survival, but birth weight had a positive linear effect (P < 0.05). Piglets weighing 0.9 kg (n = 107) at birth had a 68% survival rate, and those weighing 1.6 kg (n = 158) had an 89% survival.

Conclusion

We found that the combination of sow colostrum IgG concentration and birth order can account for 10% of the variation of piglet serum IgG concentration and that piglets with less than 1,000 mg/dl IgG serum concentration and weight of 0.9 kg at birth had low survival rate when compared to their larger siblings. The effective management of colostrum uptake in neonatal piglets in the first 24 hrs post-birth may potentially improve survival from birth to weaning.     

饲粮中添加发酵苜蓿对母猪繁殖性能和母猪、仔猪抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加发酵苜蓿对母猪繁殖性能和母猪、仔猪抗氧化能力的影响.选用80头体况和预产期接近的"长×大"妊娠初产母猪,随机分为4组(对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组),分别饲喂添加0、5％、10％和15％发酵苜蓿的饲粮,每组5个重复,每个重复4头.试验从母猪妊娠开始到哺乳期结束.结果表明:1)与对照组相比...