罗氏沼虾高产高效养殖技术探讨

经过三年的养殖实践，对罗氏沼虾高产高效养殖技术有了初步的认识，九六年。历时１４２天，１２亩的养殖水面实现了亩均产罗氏沼虾的１２５ｋｇ，，鲢鳙鱼种４０．５ｋｇ，亩效益３０７５元以上的池塘高产高效养殖目标。     

罗氏沼虾养殖高产技术

罗氏沼虾养殖高产技术陈凌云（杭州市水产技术推广站）罗氏沼虾又名马来西亚大虾，是一种优良的淡水养殖对象。我们通过近几年的养殖，亩产可达１５０千克以上，最高达２５０千克，成虾商品规格在３５—４０尾／５００克，亩净收益在４０００元，经济效益显著。现将养殖过...     

罗氏沼虾养殖高产技术

本文着重介绍了罗氏沼虾养殖高产技术的要点。出池后虾苗经过幼虾培育后再养成，可以提高养成成活率。目前南方正在发展一年养殖两茬技术，可提早进行幼虾培育，充分利用养成池，延长养成时间。养成要达到高产，选好场地，注意放养密度，合理混养，做好水质培育与投饵等是极其重要的环节。     

稻田养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术

1995年，我市徐塘乡在510亩稻田养殖罗氏沼虾获得成功．现将主要过程及技术措施报告如下。1稻田选择及田间准备1．1地点和条件试验在徐塘乡沙沟湖水稻区内进行，该稻区地势低洼，常年积水，不受客水污染．为一年一季田。该稻田土壤pH值6．9有效氮含量大于75ppm，有效磷含量大于6.8ppm，速效钾含量大于103ppm，有机质含量大于2．5％，为二合土。1，2稻田改造510亩稻田共分六个小区，每个小区以10～15亩为一养殖田块，田块内离埂三米处开挖条形围沟，沟宽6～67米，深1．2米，坡比为1：2．畦面种稻．沟中不种稻。1．3防逃设施田埂加宽夯实，埂…     

稻田养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术

稻田养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术稻田养殖罗氏沼虾是复合生态农业的一种形式，是实现土地集约化经营，综合开发，达到农业“二高一优”的有效途径，其原理是稻、虾鱼互利共生。１９９５年，我市徐塘乡在５１０亩稻田养殖罗氏沼虾试验，获得了成功，经过江苏省水产局专家级验收，...     

罗氏沼虾的高产养殖技术

罗氏沼虾的高产养殖技术陆红法（浙江水产学校，萧山３１１２１４）罗氏沼虾是由国外引进的一种大型淡水虾，属于热水性甲壳类动物，营养价值与经济价值都较高，目前已成为华东、华南沿海地区名特优水产品主要品种之一，内陆省份也有一部分养殖面积。近几年，虽然养殖规模...     

稻田养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术

稻田养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术王荣奎（江苏省邳州市多种经营管理局）１９９５年我市徐塘乡在５１０亩稻田养殖罗氏沼虾试验，获得了成功。经过江苏省水产局专家组验收，亩产水稻４４５公斤，亩产沼虾２５．１公斤，亩产鱼种４２．５公斤，亩均产值２９８８．４３元，亩获利２...     

鳗池养殖罗氏沼虾高产技术

近年来,由于养鳗业滑坡,各地鳗场空池多,为了充分利用空置鳗池,罗氏沼虾被引进鳗池养殖,现将其高产技术措施介绍如下,供参考。１幼虾强化培育刚购买的淡化虾苗,由于规格小,成活率低,因此精养高产的技术关键是前期虾苗强化培育,根据鳗场已具备的条件,可选择白仔...     

池塘养殖罗氏沼虾高产试验

1996年，我所在面积32亩的精养池塘里进行了罗氏沼虾高产试验，通过一次性放足大规格虾苗，轮捕商品虾等技术措施，获得了亩产罗氏沼虾187．5公斤，亩均产值9750元，亩获利6268元，产投比1．8。1，罗氏沼虾饵料系数2．9，平均成活率70．2％，平均出塘规格17．8克。现将方法和体会总结如下：一、材料和方法1．池塘条件：试验暗6只，每只5～8亩，总面积32亩，保水深度1．5米．拉比互：2．池塘底质X，无淤泥，靠近湖泊，水源为湖水。2．准备工作：①在放苗前15天，抽干池水，每亩用生石灰100公斤清塘。②在池塘中间枪一条宽1米，深0．Zt的沟作…     

罗氏沼虾反季节高产养殖研究

１９９７年７月我们在海南文昌市抱罗养殖场实施本项目试验。养殖池塘１１口,总面积６０亩,养殖１３６１８３天。平均获亩产２２１８公斤,个体平均重５７７５克,２０克以上个体达８６％,８５厘米以上个体达９４５％,完成合同下达的各项指标。１池塘条件养殖...     

Weight and width relationship of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

It has been shown that there is no significant difference (P < 0·05) in the weight = f (width) and orbit length = f (width) relationships of commercially produced male and female Macrobrachium rosenbergii in Hawaii. A regression equation of the form ? = (A 1 X 7 B) 1 ? has been shown to adequately describe the above relationships. In particularWeight = 0·01278 1 (width) 7 2·5189, R 7 2 = 0·978Orbit length = 0·1828 1 (width) 7 0·77685, R 7 2 = 0.996This relationship allows the development of a simple mechanical prawn size sorter.     

人工诱导罗氏沼虾同步产卵与卵巢组织学研究

运用保幼激素类似物－ＺＲ５１５诱导罗氏沼虾同步产卵进行了生产性规模试验，每性雌虾体钙点滴４０μｌＪＨＡ－ＺＲ５１５，通过体表渗稼促进卵巢成熟和产卵。药物处理后１６－１７天，产卵率为４１．８１％，较常规生产的自然产卵率提高５０．２３％。罗氏沼虾卵巢生物学和组织滂研究表明，性成熟后的任何发育阶段，卵巢中均存在由卵原细胞组成的生发带和卵黄发生卵母细胞。     

罗氏沼虾池塘养殖高产的关键技术

我市从 1978年引进罗氏沼虾 ,至今已有 2 0多年的历史。在长期的养殖实践中 ,我们逐渐总结出一套完整的罗氏沼虾池塘养殖高产技术。1　虾塘坡度要大 ,塘底淤泥要少虾塘坡度影响产量高低。虾塘坡度不能太陡 ,太陡养不好沼虾。要求坡度 1∶2 5～ 3。因为沼虾喜欢在池塘四周的浅水地带栖息活动 ,坡度大 ,就在池塘四周造成了一个浅水地带 ,给沼虾创造了一个适宜的环境 ,有利于其生长和产量的提高。塘底淤泥多养不好沼虾。因为淤泥多消耗氧气 ,繁生病菌 ,污染水质。但没有淤泥也不利于营养物质的贮存。因此 ,要求塘底淤泥在 10厘米以下。2　采…     

罗氏沼虾育苗饵料研究概述

综述了国内有关罗氏沼虾育苗饵料的研究概况,包括罗氏沼虾育苗饵料组成、投喂量和投喂方式以及替代饵料的研究成果。     

The production economics of freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) farming in Hawaii

Detailed cost-return of freshwater prawn farming in Hawaii is estimated for farms ranging in size from a minimum of 1 acre to a maximum of 100 acres. Major factors affecting cost and revenue are discussed. Freshwater prawn farming in Hawaii is profitable at the existing average annual production of 3 000 pounds/acre and at the existing average farm price of $3.00/pound for farms that are 10 acres or larger. Smaller farms are profitable only when operated as a family venture.     

罗氏沼虾胚胎附着机制的初步研究

甲壳动物十足目的大多数种类,其受精卵自产出后就附着于亲体腹部,并完成胚胎发育过程直至孵化,这对于胚胎的发育、保护和幼体散布有重要的生物学意义。胚胎的附着机制较为复杂,与刚毛、卵柄、卵索、卵膜和黏液腺有关:卵柄和卵索的形成决定了胚胎发育的顺利进行;卵膜的变化影响着胚胎的附着;黏液腺在胚胎附着过程中形成卵柄和外层卵膜,胚胎是依靠卵柄或卵索附着于腹肢的刚毛上,进而完成胚胎发育过程。本研究采用常规组织学和扫描电镜的方法研究了罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)胚胎及其附着结构。结果表明,胚胎附着与母体腹肢的结构、黏液腺分泌的黏液相关,也与胚胎表面结构、次级卵膜的形态和结构密切相关。原肢底节和内肢刚毛密而长,基部有细小的分支,有利于胚胎的附着,外肢刚毛羽状则有利于胚胎的托附和保护。抱卵雌虾腹肢的原肢和内肢上布满腹肢黏液腺分泌的黏液;携卵刚毛中空、壁厚,刚毛外壁由微绒毛状结构组成,扩大了携卵刚毛的表面积,以利胚胎附着。胚胎外表面由初级卵膜和次级卵膜组成,次级卵膜主要由卵巢黏液腺分泌的黏液参与形成。排卵时,受精卵依靠坚韧的次级卵膜相互粘连,同时,部分受精卵在刚毛上滑动、旋转,并借助次级卵膜逐渐形成了卵柄或卵索固着在腹肢刚毛上。从受精卵到胚胎孵化,胚胎之间最主要的连接方式是依靠次级卵膜的连接。胚胎的表面有许多褶皱和黏液,利于胚胎的附着以及胚胎对溶氧和小分子物质等的通透。以上结构与附着相适应,保证了胚胎发育的顺利进行和幼体的正常孵化。本研究旨为进一步认识甲壳动物胚胎附着机制、胚胎发育和人工育苗的研究提供参考。[中国水产科学,2007,14(1):67-73]     

Low-cost diet for monoculture of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de Man) in Bangladesh

An experiment was conducted for 3 months in 12 experimental ponds, each of 30 m², with a view to develop a low‐cost diet for monoculture of Macrobrachium rosenbergii in ponds. Three experimental diets (30% protein) were formulated using fish meal, meat and bone meal, mustard oilcake, sesame meal and rice bran in different combinations partially replacing fish meal by meat and bone meal and sesame meal and assigned to treatments T₁, T₂ and T₃ respectively. A commercial golda feed (Starter‐III) was assigned to T₄ (reference diet). Each treatment had three replicates. Juveniles of M. rosenbergii (2.90±0.21 g) were stocked at the rate of 40 000 ha⁻¹. Prawns were fed three times daily at the rate of 10% and 5% of their body weight at the beginning and for the last 2 months respectively. The ponds were provided with aeration during the night using air pumps. The ranges of water quality parameters recorded in different ponds were: temperature 28.9–32.5°C, dissolved oxygen 5.1–8.1 mg L⁻¹ and pH 6.4–7.7. The results showed that the weight gain of prawns fed diet 1 was significantly higher (P<0.05) than those fed diets 2 and 3, but was not significantly different from those fed diet 4 (reference diet). The feed conversion ratio (FCR) values of diets ranged between 2.21 and 2.96 with diets 1 and 4 showing significantly lower (P<0.05) FCR values. The survivals (%) ranged between 68% and 78% with prawns fed diets 1 and 4 showing significantly higher survival. The production of prawn ranged between 921 and 1428 kg ha⁻¹ and diet 1 resulted in a significantly high (P<0.05) production. A simple economic analysis showed that diet 1 generated the maximum net profit of Tk 159 178 ha⁻¹. The results of the study showed that a diet containing 20% fish meal, 10% meat and bone meal, 15% mustard oilcake, 15% sesame meal, 35% rice bran, 4% molasses and 1% vitamin–mineral premixes may be recommended to the farmers for monoculture of M. rosenbergii in ponds.     

Eye structure and function in the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

We used histological and electroretinogram methods to investigate eye structure and function in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. M. rosenbergii was demonstrated to have superposition compound eyes with a clear zone. Rhabdom volume dramatically increased only under dark-adapted conditions at night. The eyes were assumed to be dark adapted after about 50 min under dark conditions, and to be light adapted after about 4 min under light conditions during the day. The mean angle between receptor units was 1.75°. The slope of the visual sensitivity (V/log I) curve of M. rosenbergii was 0.40 and the K value (stimulus irradiance eliciting half of the maximum response) was 16.1 log photons cm^?2 s^?1. The mean dynamic range was 4.06, ranging from 13.91 to 17.97 log photons cm^?2 s^?1. The response latency was 19.6 ± 7.5 ms (mean ± SD). Analysis of the visual spectral sensitivity of dark-adapted specimens indicated that the sensitivity maximum was centered at a wavelength of 563 nm in the yellow–green region of the spectrum. The critical flicker fusion frequency increased as stimulus irradiance increased, up to a maximum of 44.3 Hz at almost the same stimulus irradiance of the K value.