从江香猪MC4R基因SNP位点遗传性状及关联性分析

试验研究MC4R基因多态性与从江香猪胴体性状的关联性,寻找影响从江香猪胴体性状的数量性状基因座(QTL),为分子标记辅助选择提供依据;利用DNA直接测序技术,对从江香猪MC4R基因的G1577A、G1699A、T1702A位点进行基因分型,采用SHEsis在线软件构建单倍型。在受试群体中,发现MC4R基因的3个SNP位点均有3种基因型,构建4种单倍型,其中H3、H4、H1为主要单倍型,频率分别为42.3%、29.0%、25.7%;最小二乘分析发现,3个SNP位点与肌内脂肪、眼肌面积、背膘厚、皮厚差异性均不显著(P0.05)。在G1577A位点上,GA基因型的肌内脂肪、背膘厚、皮厚指标依次高于GG基因型和AA基因型;而眼肌面积为:GG基因型依次高于GA基因型和AA基因型。对于G1699A位点和T1702A位点,肌内脂肪为:EF基因型EE基因型FF基因型,MN基因型MM基因型NN基因型;眼肌面积、背膘厚、皮厚为:EE基因型EF基因型FF基因型,MM基因型MN基因型NN基因型。可以考虑将GA、EF、MN基因型作为影响从江香猪肌内脂肪的有利基因型,将GG、EE、MM基因型作为影响眼肌面积的有利基因型,将AA、FF、NN基因型作为影响背膘厚和皮厚有利基因型。     

猪PPARGC1A基因多态性与生长性状的关联分析及其表达

本研究通过直接测序检测PPARGC1A基因启动子区多态位点g.17949513GA在535头杜洛克猪、长白猪以及大约克猪中的遗传结构,并与达到目标体重日龄、平均日增重等生长性状进行关联分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR检测PPARGC1A基因在大约克猪和金华猪背脂和背最长肌组织中的表达量。结果表明,在试验群体中G等位基因的频率高于A等位基因。在长白猪中基因型频率最高的是GG,而杜洛克猪和大约克猪中GA基因型的频率最高。GG基因型个体达到目标体重日龄低于AA基因型和GA基因型,平均日增重高于AA基因型。不同基因型个体之间的100 kg体重活体背膘厚和料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。PPARGC1A基因mRNA水平在大约克猪中显著高于金华猪(P0.05)。综上所述,PPARGC1A基因g.17949513GA位点与生长性状显著关联,该基因的差异表达对生长发育具有一定的影响,可作为猪生长性状选育的潜在分子标记。     

北京黑猪PPARD基因G32E多态位点与脂肪沉积相关性状的关联分析

试验旨在研究猪过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体δ(PPARD)基因第1外显子上的错义突变位点G32E(g.61399G>A)多态性与北京黑猪脂肪沉积相关性状的关联。利用Sequenom质谱检测平台检测北京黑猪及多个中外猪种群体G32E位点的基因型,并分析该位点多态性与北京黑猪背膘厚及肌内脂肪的关联性。结果发现,在北京黑猪中,G32E位点GG基因型个体背膘厚性状极显著高于GA和AA基因型个体(P<0.01),与肌内脂肪含量的关联未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。在梅山猪和二花脸猪中,主要以A等位基因为主;而在中国地方猪种民猪、莱芜黑猪、丫杈猪及国外商品猪种杜洛克猪、长白猪和大白猪中,G等位基因频率高。初步认为PPARD基因G32E位点多态性对背膘厚性状有显著影响,对肌内脂肪含量性状没有影响。     

从江香猪SIM1基因SNP位点遗传效应分析

研究SIM1基因多态性与从江香猪胴体性状的关联性,寻找影响从江香猪胴体性状的数量性状基因座(QTL),为分子标记辅助选择提供依据;利用DNA直接测序技术,对从江香猪SIM1基因的C77T、C225T、A426G位点进行基因分型,采用SHEsis在线软件构建单倍型。在受试群体中,发现SIM1基因的3个SNP位点均有3种基因型,构建7种单倍型;最小二乘分析发现,3个SNP位点与肌内脂肪、眼肌面积、皮厚之间差异均不显著(P0.05),C77T、A426G位点与从江香猪背膘厚差异显著(P0.05);MM基因型、CC基因型、GG基因型的肌内脂肪和眼肌面积高于其他基因型;NN基因型、TT基因型、AA基因型的背膘厚和皮厚低于其他基因型;肌内脂肪最高的为MMCCAA聚合基因型,眼肌面积最高的为MNCCGG聚合基因型;背膘厚和皮厚最低的均为MNTTAA聚合基因型。可以考虑将MM基因型、CC基因型、GG基因型以及MMCCAA聚合基因型、MNCCGG聚合基因型作为影响从江香猪肌内脂肪和眼肌面积的有利基因型,将NN基因型、TT基因型、AA基因型以及MNTTAA聚合基因型作为影响背膘厚和皮厚有利基因型。     

猪PGC1基因多态性与胴体性状的相关性分析

通过PCR-RFLP方法,检测外来品种大约克猪和江苏地方品种梅山猪、二花脸猪、姜曲海猪以及培育品种苏钟猪共144头,结果表明PGC1基因第8外显子序列经Aul I酶切后存在AA、AT和TT 3种基因型,其中大约克猪中AA基因型占优势,A等位基因频率为0.7, 而江苏地方品种猪中,TT占绝对优势.分析PGC1基因型与胴体性状相关性发现,AA基因型猪的左胴重、右胴重和脂肪重均高于TT基因型猪,差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).倒数第三、四腰椎间背膘厚AA基因型显著高于TT基因型猪,差异达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),AT基因型与TT基因型差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05).     

Myostatin基因5'调控区的多态与猪生长性能的关系

采用PCR-RFLP技术对45头金皮(金华猪×皮特兰猪)F代猪Myostatin基因5'调控区的多态性进行检测,根据酶切结果将其分为AA、TT和AT 3种基因型,结果显示A等位基因频率为0.467,T等位基因频率为0.533.对这些个体进行生长和屠宰性能测定以及对背最长肌进行免疫组化分析,进而采用SPSS程序分析Myo-statin不同基因型对金皮F2代猪生长性状,肌纤维组织学特性及胴体性状的影响.结果表明:Myostatin基因对金皮F2代猪肌纤维直径、MHC Ⅰ型肌纤维比例、肩部背膘厚、眼肌肉色亮度及出生至4月龄平均日增质量的影响均达到显著水平(P＜0.05).     

ADD1基因多态性位点与猪肌内脂肪含量、嫩度及背膘厚的关联性研究

将82头藏猪和84头其他品种猪屠宰后测定背膘厚,采集背部最长肌测定肌内脂肪含量和嫩度。采集血样提取DNA,利用PCR-RFLP分析ADD1基因的基因型,发现藏猪和其他猪种中均能检测到三种基因型AA、AB和BB。三种基因型的肌内脂肪含量和嫩度存在差异(P<0.05),而背膘厚不存在差异(P>0.05)。ADD1基因在藏猪和其他猪种中存在多态性位点,可以作为肌内脂肪选育的标记辅助选择位点。     

猪钙蛋白酶Ⅱ基因PCR-RFLP分析及其对肉质性状的影响

本试验测定了350头F2代杂种猪(长白猪×蓝塘猪)的6个肉质性状和7个胴体性状,用PCR-RFLP方法检测钙蛋白酶Ⅱ(CalpainⅡ)基因型,分析猪CalpainⅡ基因型间肉质和胴体性状差异,发现AA基因型与GG基因型猪肉质性状的4个值均差异显著,猪肌肉系水力、pH、大理石纹AA基因型显著高于GG、AG基因型;剪切力AA基因型显著低于AG(P<0.05)、GG(P<0.01)基因型;而胴体性状中三点背膘厚除活体C点背膘厚AA基因型高于AG基因型外,AA基因型均低于GG、AG基因型。结果表明,猪钙蛋白酶Ⅱ的AA基因型对于肉质和胴体性状而言是有益基因型,同时也说明CalpainⅡ基因参与了调控肌原纤维蛋白的降解,与促进动物骨骼肌生长、提高瘦肉率、改善肉嫩度等方面有一定相关。     

延边黄牛FABP4基因组织表达及基因多态性分析

为了解FABP4基因在延边黄牛各组织中的表达特征,深入探讨FABP4基因在肌内脂肪沉积中的作用以及该基因是否可以作为延边黄牛肉质性状的候选基因。本研究运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测延边黄牛不同组织FABP4基因的表达水平及其与肌内脂肪沉积的相关性;同时运用直接测序和PCR-RFLP技术对FABP4基因的SNPs位点进行检测,并与延边黄牛肉质性状进行相关性分析。结果显示FABP4基因在延边黄牛肾脏、肺脏、心脏、脾脏、肝脏、后腿肌及背最长肌中均有表达,其中心脏中的表达量最高,肾脏中的表达量最低。在心脏中的表达量极显著高于脾脏、后腿肌、肺脏、肝脏、肾脏组织(P0.01)。背最长肌中FABP4基因表达量与肌内脂肪(IMF)含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),相关系数为0.994。后腿肌组织中FABP4基因表达量与IMF含量呈显著正相关(P0.05),相关系数为0.952。在FABP4基因中存在呈现中度多态的g.3691 GA位点,该位点GG基因型的水分含量显著高于GA和AA基因型,GA基因型的脂肪含量显著高于GG和AA基因型,GG和AA基因型的蛋白含量显著高于GA基因型。研究结果提示,FABP4基因参与延边黄牛肌内脂肪沉积调控,可以作为延边黄牛肉质性状的候选基因。     

猪蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B基因第7内含子多态性与猪脂肪沉积性状的关联性

本研究旨在分析蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶-1B(PTP-1B)基因部分SNP与猪脂肪沉积性状的关联性。选取国外瘦肉型猪种大约克夏16头、长白猪21头和中国脂肪型地方猪种梅山猪22头以及"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系213头为研究材料,利用PCR-Eco88I-RFLP方法检测PTP-1B基因第7内含子序列存在G/A突变的多态性,并进行方差分析。结果表明,大白和长白猪种为单一的A等位基因,而梅山猪种以杂合子GA基因型为主,对213头"大白×梅山"F2代资源家系进行性状关联分析,该位点与猪板油质量、内脂率、胸腰椎间背膘厚等脂肪沉积性状显著相关(P<0.05),且杂合子GA基因型个体的板油质量和内酯率都最低(GA基因型个体相似文献   

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein