江淮水牛线粒体D-loop区和Cytb基因遗传多态性及系统发育分析

为研究安徽江淮水牛群体的分子种质特性,本试验测定了江淮水牛2个亚群共82个个体的线粒体D-loop区和细胞色素b基因完整序列,分析了序列遗传多态性及系统进化关系,并结合GenBank中已发表的141条中国水牛D-loop序列,进行了联合分析。结果在D-loop区内共发现核苷酸多态位点91个,组成104个单倍型,其中32个是在江淮水牛中新发现的单倍型。总体mtDNA D-loop区核苷酸多样性为(0.015 43±0.001 42),单倍型多样性为(0.948±0.009)。其中,江淮水牛的mtDNA D-loop区核苷酸多样性为(0.014 89±0.002 32),单倍型多样性为(0.955±0.013),表明其群体遗传多样性丰富,群体变异性水平与中国其他水牛群体接近。根据线粒体D-loop区单倍型构建系统树和进化网络,显示江淮水牛存在沼泽型水牛线粒体支系A和B,表明其具有2个线粒体母系来源,其中B支又分为b1和b2两个亚支;针对细胞色素b基因的进化分析也支持这一结论。这些研究结果为今后开展江淮水牛遗传资源的保护和利用提供了客观依据。     

温州水牛线粒体DNA D-loop遗传多态性分析

以30头温州水牛为研究对象,对每个个体的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop区915bp全序列进行了分析研究,结果共检测到14种单倍型,50个核苷酸多态位点,其中出现核苷酸转换48个,颠换2个.温州水牛mtDNAD-loop区核苷酸多样度(π值)为0.0184,单倍型多样度(H)为0.8575,表明温州水牛线粒体DNA遗传多样性丰富.NJ聚类分析表明,温州水牛有2个母系起源.     

西藏部分山羊群体线粒体DNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析

为了探究西藏不同山羊群体的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,提取4个山羊群体DNA,扩增其mtDNA D-loop区,并测序。结果显示:西藏山羊群体mtDNA D-loop区长度在1 200～1 212 bp,各群体山羊D-loop区富含A、T碱基,共发现106个多态位点,分离出21个单倍型。西藏山羊群体单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.085 7～1.000 0,0.007 04～0.019 14,4个群体山羊碱基突变率高,表明西藏山羊的遗传多样性非常丰富。核苷酸歧义度、NJ系统进化树表明西藏山羊群体间有共同母系血源,部分支系母系起源于镰刀型角野山羊(Capra aegagrus)和捻角山羊(Capra falconeri),同时存在其他的母系起源,支持山羊品种内的多起源说。     

建昌马mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性及系统进化分析

试验旨在以线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)为切入点,研究建昌马的母系遗传多样性与系统进化。从建昌马(n=39)血液中提取基因组DNA,用PCR方法扩增mtDNA D-loop区并直接测序,分析其高变区247 bp序列信息,统计mtDNA D-loop区的单倍型及变异位点,计算单倍型多样性(haplotype diversity,Hd)、核苷酸多样性(nucleotide diversity,Pi)和平均核苷酸变异数(average number of nucleotide differences,K)。构建包括建昌马在内的19个品种马的NJ系统进化树,计算各品种间的遗传距离。结果显示,试验获得了清晰的PCR扩增产物,并通过直接测序方法获得了约1200 bp的序列。39匹建昌马mtDNA D-loop区247 bp序列(其中1个样品缺失1 bp)的AT碱基含量为61.45%,属AT碱基对富集区,检测到33个多态性位点,共显示26种单倍型,其中4种为共享单倍型,且Hap7和Hap1为优势单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.947,核苷酸多样性为0.02399,平均核苷酸变异数为5.901,显示丰富的母系遗传多样性;NJ系统进化树显示,建昌马分布在A、C、D、E、F、G共6个支系中,约50%的样品分布在A支系,显示出复杂的母系起源;建昌马与关中马的遗传距离最小(0.021),其次是三河马、文山马、韩国车巨马(0.024),与韩国济州岛马遗传距离最大(0.032)。本研究结果表明,建昌马的mtDNA D-loop高变区遗传多样性丰富,具有多个母系起源,且A支系占有明显优势,与关中马、文山马可能有共同的母系起源。     

雷琼牛mtDNA D-loop遗传多态性研究

对雷琼牛6个个体的mtDNA D-loop区910 bp进行分析,检测到2种单倍型,其核苷酸多态位点5个,约占所测核苷酸总长的0.55%,其中有2个转换,2个颠换,1个插入/缺失.雷琼牛mtDNA D-loop区核苷酸多样度（π值）为0.15%,单倍型多样度（H）为0.33,表明雷琼牛mtDNA遗传多样性贫乏.经比较分析,雷琼牛起源于瘤牛.     

8个鸽品种资源线粒体DNA遗传多态性与系统进化分析

为探讨中国鸽品种资源的遗传多态性与系统进化关系,利用PCR测序和生物信息学分析技术,测定分析了中国境内现存的8个主要鸽品种资源共120份样本mtDNA D-loop区部分序列.结果显示:在所获761 bp mtDNA D-loop区序列间发现3个变异位点,约占分析位点总数的0.39％,共具4个单倍型.8个群体内单倍型多...     

中国水牛mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与母系起源

[目的]检测中国水牛21个群体232条线粒体DNA D-loop 915 bp全序列的遗传多样性及系统进化关系.[方法]PCR扩增、测序和生物信息学方法.[结果]发现232条序列中共有87种单倍型,其核苷酸多态位点88个,其中有79个转换,6个颠换,3个颠换与转换共存.中国水牛mtDNA D-loop区核苷酸多样度(π值) 为0.01403±0.00178, 单倍型多样度(H)为0.8460±0.0240,表明中国水牛mtDNA 遗传多样性丰富.根据单倍型构建了中国水牛的NJ分子系统树,发现中国水牛变异类型主要为两个大支系A和B,表明中国水牛有两个主要母系起源.进一步分析发现支系B具有较大的差异,可以细分为两个亚支B1 和B2.[结论]中国水牛mtDNA 遗传多样性丰富,有2个母系起源.     

安集延鸡mtDNA D-loop遗传多样性及系统进化研究

本研究通过分析mtDNA,对安集延鸡的母系遗传多样性和母系来源进行调查。随机采集了29个安集延鸡DNA样品,测定了D-loop区1231bp序列。结果显示,共检测到30个多态位点和10个单倍体型,在859bp位置发现一个插入/缺失变异,此变异在安集延鸡中的分布频率为51.72%;单倍体型多样度和核苷酸多样度适中,分别为0.776和0.00614;Tajima′D检验和Fuli′D检验值分别为-0.0041和-0.0192;遗传距离与红色原鸡最近,为0.007;Network结构图显示安集延鸡群体分为五大世系,可划分到家鸡世系的A、B、C、D和E分支中;世系D所占比例最高为45%,据以往报道,D型世系中分布的大部分为红色原鸡和斗鸡,结果表明安集延鸡母系大部分来源于红色原鸡和斗鸡,并且也掺入一些家鸡母系,为多母系构成的群体。     

中国部分地方水牛品种mtDNA D-loop区遗传多样性与起源研究

对我国10个地方水牛品种110个个体的mtDNA D-loop区序列(930 bp左右)进行分析,共检测到50种单倍型,107个核苷酸多态位点,其单倍型多样度(Haplotype diversity,Hd)为0.895 2±0.024 0,核苷酸多样度(Nucleotide diversity,π)为0.020 0±0.005 6,平均核苷酸差异(Average number of nucleotide differences,k)为18.445 0,表明我国水牛的遗传多态性丰富。构建的NJ进化树显示这10个品种的水牛主要有两个母系起源。     

基于线粒体DNA D-loop区全序列分析儋州鸡遗传多样性及其起源进化关系

为了研究儋州鸡的遗传多样性及其起源进化关系,本研究对36只儋州鸡样品的线粒体DNA(mtDNA) D-loop区全序列进行PCR扩增和测序,结合GenBank中公布的部分品种鸡的mtDNA D-loop区全序列,利用生物信息学方法进行数据处理,分析儋州鸡的遗传多样性及其起源进化关系。结果显示,儋州鸡mtDNA D-loop区扩增片段长度为1 210 bp,A+T含量为59.9%,C+G含量为40.1%,变异区在167～1 215 bp之间,高变区主要集中在167～367 bp之间,存在6种单倍型,共有20个变异位点,单倍型变异度(Hd)为0.571,平均核苷酸差异(k)为6.449,核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.00537,中性检验的Tajima’s D值为1.61643,6种单倍型可分为A、B、C 3个世系,以B世系为主。研究结果表明,儋州鸡群体遗传多样性和单倍型多样性相对偏低,结合群体构建的系统进化树发现,儋州鸡的遗传组成来自3个母系祖先,缅甸红原鸡、爪哇红原鸡及红原鸡海南亚种均是其潜在的祖先,受外来鸡种影响较小,是一个较为封闭的原始鸡种。     

基于线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)序列分析贵妃鸡的遗传多样性

采用PCR产物直接测序技术对30只贵妃鸡样品的线粒体DNA控制区(mtDNA D-loop)第Ⅰ高变区序列进行了分析。结果表明,在所分析的D-loop区部分序列中(520 bp),A、G、C、T平均含量分别为26.8%、13.0%、31.1%和29.1%;共发现13个核苷酸多态位点,均为转换位点,未检测到插入/缺失和颠换,核苷酸多样度(Pi)为0.0059,单倍型变异度(Hd)为0.538,中性检验Tajima’s D值为-0.67065。通过群体构建的NJ聚类图分子系统树发现,贵妃鸡起源于红原鸡。     

家鸭、媒鸭和野鸭mtDNA D-loop区的遗传变异

旨在从mtDNA水平探讨我国家鸭的遗传多样性及家鸭与野鸭间的亲缘关系.运用DNA测序方法,测定了不同地域、水域和表型性状的9种家鸭(北京鸭、高邮鸭、巢湖鸭、绍兴鸭、连城白鸭、吉安红毛鸭、文登黑鸭、云南麻鸭、建昌鸭)80个个体、4种媒鸭(西湖野鸭、钱江野鸭、枞阳媒鸭、媒头鸭)26个个体和斑嘴鸭8个个体,共计114个个体的mtDNA D-loop区667 bp序列.9种家鸭单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度分别为0.250 00～0.607 14和0.000 38～0.001 18;9种家鸭、媒鸭、绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭之间的遗传距离为0.001～0.015;39种单倍型系统发生树和单倍型网络关系图表明,9种家鸭主要属于A1亚簇(绿头鸭单倍型簇).我国家鸭遗传多样性中等丰富,母系起源主要是绿头鸭,极少量个体含有斑嘴鸭血统.     

Genetic Diversity and Evolution of Danzhou Chicken Assessed with Mitochondrial Complete DNA D-loop Region Sequencing

The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and evolution of Danzhou chicken.The complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop regions of 36 Danzhou chickens were amplified,sequenced and analyzed.The sequencing reads were compared with the complete mtDNA D-loop sequence of several relative strains of chicken annotated in GenBank,and analyzed by bioinformatics methods.The genetic diversity and its evolutionary relationship in Danzhou chicken were analyzed.The results showed that the lengths of PCR products at the D-loop region were 1 210 bp,with 59.9% being A+T and 40.1% as C+G.The variable regions were 167-1 215 bp,and the high variable regions were mainly 167-367 bp.A total of 20 variable sites that defined 6 haplotypes were identified.The average haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide difference (k) were 0.571 and 6.449,respectively,the nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.00537,and the Tajima's D value of neutrality test was 1.61643.6 haplotypes could be grouped to 3 haplogroups (A,B and C) as determined by phylogenic analysis,with B clade,as the most abundant population.It concluded that the genetic diversity and haplotype diversity of Danzhou chicken were relatively low.Phylogenetic tree showed that the genetic composition of Danzhou chicken came from 3 maternal ancestors,Gallus gallus spadiceus,Gallus gallus bankiva and Gallus gallus jabouillei were potential ancestors.There was few influence of exotic lineage detected,which indicated that Danzhou chicken was a relatively conserved breed.     

A Genetic Diversity Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region in Four High Quality Chicken Breeds

This study was conducted to elucidate the genetic diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region in Qingyuan partridge chicken group 1,Qingyuan partridge chicken group 2,Yangshan chicken and Qingyuan Yellow feather black-bone chicken.The specific primers were designed according to mtDNA D-loop region of Gullus gullus spadiceus (accession No.:NC_007235.1) in GenBank.The sequence was analyzed after PCR amplification and sequencing,and the haplotype number,polymorphism number,haplotype diversity,nucleotide diversity and nucleotide mean difference were counted.The evolution divergence among breeds was calculated by Mega 5.10 software,and the phylogenetic tree was constructed.The results showed that the length of mtDNA D-loop region in four high quality chicken breeds was 591 bp,and 549 bp were used for subsequent analysis.The content of A,T,C and G were 27.2% to 27.3%,30.1% to 30.4%,29.5% to 29.8% and 12.8% to 12.9%,respectively,and the average content of G+C was 42.5%.There were 92 polymorphic sites which contained 14 singleton variable sites and 78 parsimony informative sites,and the percentage of transitions and transversions were 89.13% (82/92) and 10.87% (10/92),respectively.The haplotype diversity ranged from 0.682 to 0.835,and the nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.00849 to 0.01167.There were 32 haplotypes in all sequences,which could be divided into clades A,B,C and E,however,most of the individuals belonged to clades B (51.2%) and E (37.6%).The phylogenetic tree results showed that four high quality chicken breeds could be classified as 4 branches which were consistent with the haplotypes classification results.The results indicated that the four high quality chicken populations from Qingyuan had relatively high haplotype and nucleotide diversity and likely shared two or more common maternal lineages.     

中国家驴mtDNA D-loop 遗传多样性与起源研究

对我国12个家驴品种126个个体（包括引用26个个体）的mtDNA D-loop区399 bp进行分析,共检测到36种单倍型37个多态位点,其单倍型多样度为0.466 7-0.977 8,核苷酸多样度为0.001 2-0.028 5,表明我国家驴的遗传多态性丰富。与3条努比亚野驴、3条索马里野驴和6条亚洲野驴的序列构建NJ系统发育树,首次证明我国家驴的母系起源为非洲野驴中的索马里驴和努比亚驴,亚洲野驴不是中国家驴的祖先。本文还讨论了我国家驴可能的迁徙路线。     

略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)的遗传多样性分析

为了研究略阳乌鸡线粒体DNA控制区（mtDNA D-loop）的遗传多样性和起源,本研究对30只略阳乌鸡样品的mtDNA D-loop全序列进行了PCR扩增和测序,结合GenBank中公布的其他鸡的D-loop区序列,分析略阳乌鸡线粒体多态性及其起源。结果表明,略阳乌鸡mtDNA D-loop区全序列中,A、C、G、T平均含量分别为26.6%、26.6%、13.4%和33.4%,26个核苷酸多态位点均为转换位点,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.00705,单倍型变异度（Hd）为1.000,中性检验Tajima's D值为-0.47272。通过群体构建的系统进化树发现,略阳乌鸡样品在系统进化树上聚为4大分支。研究结果表明,略阳乌鸡群体内个体序列变异程度较大,遗传多样性丰富,揭示略阳乌鸡在遗传组成上具有4个母系来源。     

Genetic Diversity of Lueyang Black-bone Chicken Based on Mitochondrial DNA D-loop Region Sequence

This study was aimed to assess mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequence diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of 30 individuals from Lueyang Black-bone chicken were amplified by PCR and subsequently sequenced.The mtDNA D-loop sequence of other chicken were collected from GenBank and used as reference sequences to analyze the diversity and origin of Lueyang Black-bone chicken.The results revealed that the average values of base composition of A,C,G and T in mtDNA D-loop the sequence of Lueyang Black-bone chicken were 26.6%,26.6%,13.4% and 33.4%,respectively.26 nucleotide polymorphic sites were transition.The average nucleotide diversity (Pi) of the sites and haplotype diversity (Hd) were 0.00705 and 1.000,and the value of Tajima's D was -0.47272.Phylogenetic tree showed that samples were clusted in 4 clades. In the research, it could be concluded that the genetic diversity was relatively rich and wealthy and there were 4 maternal origins to Lueyang Black-bone chicken population.