玉米赤霉烯酮对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖及分泌细胞因子的影响

采用MTT法、细胞因子ELISA法来分析玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone,ZEN)对离体培养的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖及细胞因子分泌的影响。结果表明,不同浓度ZEN对LPS、ConA活化的脾脏T/B淋巴细胞的增殖均具有极显著的抑制作用(P＜0.01),且这种增殖抑制表现出剂量依赖性;低浓度ZEN(1 μg/mL)能显著促进脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IL-10(P＜0.05),而高浓度ZEN(10、25 μg/mL)均能极显著抑制脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IL-10(P＜0.01),并表现出剂量依赖性;不同浓度ZEN(1、10、25 μg/mL)均能显著或极显著抑制脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),并表现出剂量依赖性。     

长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸对肠上皮细胞促炎细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在探讨长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(LC n-3 PUFA)对肠上皮细胞促炎细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响.试验选用大鼠肠上皮细胞系IEC-6细胞为模型,分为4个处理,分别为对照、脂多糖(LPS,1μg/mL)、LPS(1μg/mL)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,100 μmol/L)和LPS(l μg/mL)+二十碳五烯酸(EPA,100μmol/L),每个处理3个重复,每孔为1个重复.细胞先用DHA、EPA或等量二甲基亚砜(DHA和EPA的溶剂,对照)预处理48h,再用LPS处理3h,收集细胞提取总RNA,采用实时定量PCR方法分析肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-6(IL-6)的基因mRNA表达水平的差异.结果表明:LPS极显著上调了细胞中TNF-α、IL-1 β和IL-6的基因mRNA表达水平(P＜0.01),EPA均极显著或显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的TNF-α(P＜0.01)、IL-1β(P ＜0.01)和IL-6的基因mRNA水平(P＜0.05)的上调,而DHA仅显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的IL-1β的基因mRNA水平的上调(P＜0.05).结果提示,LC n-3 PUFA在肠上皮细胞中具有抗炎作用,且在本试验条件下EPA的抗炎效果要优于DHA.     

猪圆环病毒2型对仔猪淋巴细胞内cAMP和cGMP的影响

为探讨猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)作用下淋巴细胞的免疫活性,本研究通过体外培养仔猪脾脏淋巴细胞及巨噬细胞(Mφ),分别以PCV2和PCV2+Mφ与淋巴细胞相互作用,同时设Mφ和空白对照组.培养0h、6h、12h、24 h后收取各组淋巴细胞,放射免疫法检测胞内cAMP和cGMP浓度.另外,选取15头PCV2阴性仔猪,每头滴鼻PCV2病毒悬液,分别于14d、21 d、35 d迫杀,每次5头,并设立阴性对照组4头.放射免疫法检测脾脏cAMP和cGMP浓度,并计算cAMP/cGMP比值.体外检测结果显示:PCV2对体外培养淋巴细胞内cAMP和cGMP浓度影响不大;而在Mφ存在时PCV2在6h时能显著降低cAMP和cGMP浓度和cAMP/cGMP比例(p＜0.05); 12 h时cGMP浓度下降(p＜0.05),cAMP和cGMP比例上升(p＜0.05); 24 h时cGMP浓度上升(p＜0.05),但cAMP/cGMP比例降低(p＜0.05).体内检测结果表明,PCV2能显著降低仔猪脾脏细胞内cAMP浓度(p＜0.05)及cAMP/cGMP比值(p＜0.05).该研究结果表明,在巨噬细胞存在时PCV2能够降低淋巴细胞内cAMP/cGMP的比值,从而影响淋巴细胞的功能.     

饲料中添加腐植酸对仔猪增重及免疫功能的影响

为探讨腐植酸对仔猪增重及免疫功能的影响.本试验选择35日龄健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪48头,随机分为4组.每组12头.每组设3个重复.一个对照组,其他3组为试验组(设高、中、低3个剂量组).试验组腐植酸在基础日粮中的添加量分别为1000、100 mg/kg和10 mg/kg,连续饲喂仔猪10 d后,进行称重、T淋巴细胞Ea花环率和B淋巴细胞EAC花环率的测定.结果表明,饲喂腐植酸的健康仔猪高剂量组增重效果显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)中剂量组和高剂量组的Ea花环率显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.05);中剂量组的EAC花环率显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.05);高剂量组的EAC花环率极显著高于对照组仔猪(P＜0.01).这表明,饲喂高剂量腐植酸可以提高仔猪的增重中剂量和高剂量腐植酸可显著改善仔猪机体的免疫水平.     

日粮添加油葵籽和亚麻籽对奶牛乳脂CLA和脂肪酸组成的影响

本文主要研究了奶牛日粮添加植物油籽引起原料乳脂肪酸组成情况及CLA含量变化的影响,初步探讨改善牛奶脂肪酸构成、提高乳脂中CLA含量的途径.选取45头泌乳期荷斯坦牛,分为3组,以不添加油籽为对照组,以添加油葵籽和亚麻籽作为两个试验处理组,采用完全随机试验设计,测定乳脂中脂肪酸含量.结果显示,日粮中添加油葵籽和亚麻籽实能显著提高乳脂中CLA、EPA、DHA和PUFA的含量(P＜0.05),降低月桂酸(C12:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬酯酸(C18:0)等饱和脂肪酸水平,多不饱和与饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)之比显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别提高92.32％和36.37％.乳脂中CLA(c9t11t,10t12c)比例油葵籽和亚麻籽两个处理组依次比对照组提高了161.01％ (P＜0.05)和53.18％ (P＜0.05)；油葵籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高80.91％和196.20％,亚麻籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高143.32％和255.84％.日粮中添加植物油料籽实,优化了乳脂肪酸的构成,油葵籽对乳脂中CLA的提高效果比亚麻籽更好.     

对妊娠母猪追加n-3类脂肪酸对其子宫脂肪酸含量的影响

用2个试验来评估母猪饲料中追加脂肪酸对母猪子宫脂肪酸构成的影响。在试验1中,组1为对照组(基础日粮),组2为亚麻组(基础日粮添加3.75%的亚麻),组3为保护性脂肪酸组(PFA)含有n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。当母猪170日龄时,对其进行配种使其怀孕。在妊娠40～43d将组1的7头、组2的5头和组3的8头妊娠母猪屠宰。结果表明,相比对照组,组2有增加胎儿二十碳五烯酸(EPA:C20:5n-3)的趋势(P=0.055);组3中胎儿的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA:C22:6n-3)含量显著增加;组2和组3中胎儿的绒毛尿囊膜中的DHA含量有显著增加趋势;在组2中的母猪子宫内膜中,EPA和二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)含量和对照组差异显著(P0.001;P0.05),组3的DHA含量也显著增加(P0.001)。总体来看,亚麻组(组2)和保护脂肪酸组(组3)都选择性地使得母猪子宫内膜和绒毛尿囊膜中的EPA和DHA含量有所增加。在试验2中,将含有PFA(1.5%)的170日龄的母猪日粮作为试验组(n=13/每组)日粮,对照组日粮为玉米-豆粕型。30d后采集其血液样本,当母猪205日龄时对其进行人工配种。妊娠11～19d采集其胎儿和母体子宫样本。血液样本数据显示,PFA日粮组的血浆中EPA和DHA含量都有所增加,且试验组的子宫内膜的EPA含量和对照组差异显著(P0.005);另外试验组胚胎外其他组织的EPA和DHA含量也成倍增加;PFA日粮组的19d胎儿的DHA含量较对照组也有所增加(P0.05)。     

大豆异黄酮对奶牛脾脏和肠系淋巴结淋巴细胞干扰素γ、白介素2和白介素4浓度以及雌激素受体β mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究大豆异黄酮对奶牛脾脏与肠系淋巴结淋巴细胞增殖、活化及细胞因子分泌的影响.采用单因素试验设计,不同浓度的大豆异黄酮[0.00(对照)、0.25、1.00、5.00、25.00和100.00μg/mL]与淋巴细胞于37℃、5％CO2下分别共育4、24和48h,采用双抗夹心酶联免疫法测定培养上清液中的干扰素γ、白介素2和白介素4的浓度,用实时定量PCR法测定脾脏和肠系淋巴结的淋巴细胞中雌激素受体βmRNA表达量.结果表明:1)0.25和1.00 μg/mL的大豆异黄酮与脾脏淋巴细胞共育一定时间后均能显著或极显著提高培养上清液中干扰素γ和白介素2的浓度(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),48 h后,5.00和25.00 μg/mL大豆异黄酮能显著抑制脾脏淋巴细胞干扰素γ和白介素2分泌(P＜0.05).2)1.00和5.00 μg/mL大豆异黄酮与肠系淋巴结淋巴细胞共育一定时间后干扰素γ和白介素2浓度均显著或极显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);0.25 μg/mL大豆异黄酮趋于增加二者浓度,但差异不显著(P＜0.05);48 h后,25.00 μg/mL大豆异黄酮抑制了干扰素γ(P＜0.05)和白介素2(P＜0.05)的分泌.3)与对照组相比,试验组脾脏淋巴细胞白介素4浓度无显著变化(P＞0.05),而肠系淋巴结淋巴细胞白介素4浓度显著或极显著降低(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01).4)大豆异黄酮能够提高脾脏淋巴细胞干扰素γ/白介素4,但趋于降低肠系淋巴结淋巴细胞干扰素γ/白介素4.5)大豆异黄酮显著或极显著提高了奶牛脾脏和肠系淋巴结中淋巴细胞雌激素受体βmRNA的表达量(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),且二者间存在正比的剂量关系.总之,大豆异黄酮能够促进奶牛脾脏和肠系淋巴结中淋巴细胞分泌干扰素γ和白介素2,提高干扰素γ/白介素4,促进雌激素受体βmRNA表达,降低白介素4浓度;低剂量(0.25～5.00 μg/mL)的大豆异黄酮能够获得较好免疫促进效果,而高剂量(25.00～100.00μg/mL)更能促进雌激素受体βmRNA表达.     

饲料DHA/EPA比例对虎龙斑幼鱼生长、 肌肉脂肪酸组成和肝脏脂肪代谢的影响

实验旨在探讨DHA/EPA比例对虎龙斑幼鱼生长、脂肪酸组成及脂肪代谢的影响。配制DHA/EPA比例为0.54、0.97、1.51、2.01、2.41和2.85的6组饲料,选择初重(20.8±0.03)g的虎龙斑幼鱼随机放入18个玻璃缸(每个组3个平行),实验周期42 d。结果表明,鱼体增重率和饲料系数未受DHA/EPA比例显著影响(P>0.05)。鱼体肌肉脂肪酸含量和组成受到DHA/EPA比例的影响。饲料最低DHA/EPA比例组(0.54)肝脏脂滴沉积、脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶基因表达显著上调(P<0.05),过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α、激素敏感性脂肪酶基因表达显著下调(P<0.05)。研究表明,DHA/EPA比例影响虎龙斑幼鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成,且适宜DHA/EPA比例对于维持鱼体肝脏脂肪代谢至关重要。     

不同浓度EPA和DHA对C2C12成肌细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

本试验旨在研究二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对体外培养的C2C12成肌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。用不同终浓度DHA和EPA(0、6.25、12.5、25、50、100μmol/L)分别作用C2C12细胞12、24、48 h后,用CCK-8法检测细胞的增殖情况;用不同终浓度DHA和EPA(0、50、100μmol/L)分别作用C2C12细胞48 h后,用TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况。结果表明:终浓度为50、100μmol/L的EPA处理细胞48 h,C2C12细胞增殖能力受到显著抑制,但不同浓度DHA处理组细胞的增殖能力无明显变化。此外,EPA处理C2C12细胞后,TUNEL法显示凋亡细胞数增加,且100μmol/L的EPA处理组细胞凋亡最明显。然而,与对照相比,DHA处理组细胞无明显凋亡。上述结果表明,EPA能抑制C2C12成肌细胞增殖并促进其凋亡,而DHA对细胞增殖和凋亡无明显影响。     

益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪肠道pH、黏膜形态结构和挥发性脂肪酸含量的影响.选用48头平均体重为(6.39±0.42)kg的(21±2)日龄“杜×长×大”三元杂交断奶仔猪,按性别、体重和窝源基本一致原则随机分为2个组,每个组4个重复,每个重复6头猪.试验1组为对照组,采用基础饲粮;试验2组为益生菌组,每千克基础饲粮中添加1×109 CFU活菌.试验期为21d.结果表明:1)28日龄时,益生菌组回肠内容物pH显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).2)和对照组相比,添加益生菌制剂,28日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度和上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著提高回肠杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);35日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度(P＜0.05),显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠、回肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05);42日龄时,显著增加空肠、回肠绒毛高度,显著提高空肠上皮内淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著降低空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05).3)28日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);35日龄和42日龄时,益生菌组盲肠内容物中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和乳酸含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).由结果可知,添加益生菌制剂能改善断奶应激对绒毛高度和隐窝深度的影响,提高肠道淋巴细胞数量和挥发性脂肪酸含量,降低肠道pH,从而缓解断奶应激对肠道环境的影响.     

Effects of fish oil on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and intracellular signalling in weanling pigs.

It has been widely documented that fish oil attenuates inflammatory responses partially via down-regulation of T-lymphocyte function. To determine the anti-inflammatory role of fish oil in weanling pigs, we investigated the effects of fish oil and its functional constituents on peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production and subsequent intracellular signalling in inflammatory-challenged weanling pig and in in vitro cultured lymphocytes. Fish oil (7%) or corn oil (7%) was supplemented to 72 crossbred pig (7.6 +/- 0.3 kg BW and 28 +/- 3 days of age) in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment that included an Eacherichia coil lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (challenged or not challenged). On day 14 and 28 of the experiment, 200 microg/kg BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline was administered to the pigs by intraperitoneal injection. Blood samples were collected on days 15 and 29 to determine peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. The results showed that inflammatory challenge decreased average daily gain (P < 0.05) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) during days 15-28. Fish oil supplementation had no effect on growth performance. Inflammatory challenge increased lymphocyte proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A) (P < 0.05) following each challenge. Fish oil tended to suppress (P < 0.1) the proliferation following the first challenge. Similarly, fish oil tended to reduce IL-1beta production (P < 0.1) following the second challenge and IL-2 (P < 0.1) production following the first challenge in both challenged and unchallenged pigs compared with corn oil. In parallel in vitro experiments, peripheral blood lymphocytes of weanling pigs were incubated with various concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or linoleic acid (LA) (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 microg/ml). EPA, DHA and high levels of LA predominantly suppressed IL-1beta (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.05) production and subsequent lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05). Low levels of LA increased (P < 0.05) IL-2 production. Compared with LA, EPA resulted in a stronger inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01), and DHA resulted in a stronger inhibition of IL-1beta (P < 0.05) and IL-2 (P < 0.01). To elucidate the mechanism(s) by which fish oil and its functional constituents suppressed lymphocyte function, the kinetics of intracellular [Ca2+]i and protein kinase C activity were determined in in vitro experiments. EPA, DHA and LA exerted very similar dose-dependent stimulatory effects on intracellular Ca2+. EPA and DHA inhibited protein kinase C activity (P < 0.05), while LA had no significant effect (P > 0.05). These results suggest that fish oil and its functional constituents (EPA and DHA) exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by down-regulation of lymphocyte activation in weanling pigs, possibly by manipulation of intracellular signalling.     

Omega-3 fatty acids in the gravid pig uterus as affected by maternal supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids

Two experiments evaluated the ability of maternal fatty acid supplementation to alter conceptus and endometrial fatty acid composition. In Exp. 1, treatments were 1) the control, a corn-soybean meal diet; 2) flax, the control diet plus ground flax (3.75% of diet); and 3) protected fatty acids (PFA), the control plus a protected fish oil source rich in n-3 PUFA (Gromega, JBS United Inc., Sheridan, IN; 1.5% of diet). Supplements replaced equal parts of corn and soybean meal. When gilts reached 170 d of age, PG600 (PMSG and hCG, Intervet USA, Millsboro, DE) was injected to induce puberty, and dietary treatments (n = 8/treatment) were initiated. When detected in estrus, gilts were artificially inseminated. On d 40 to 43 of gestation, 7 gilts in the control treatment, 8 gilts in the PFA treatment, and 5 gilts in the flax treatment were pregnant and were slaughtered. Compared with the control treatment, the flax treatment tended to increase eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA: C20:5n-3) in fetuses (0.14 vs. 0.25 +/- 0.03 mg/g of dry tissue; P = 0.055), whereas gilts receiving PFA had more (P < 0.05) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA: C22:6n-3) in their fetuses (5.23 vs. 4.04 +/- 0.078 mg/g) compared with gilts fed the control diet. Both the flax and PFA diets increased (P < 0.05) DHA (0.60, 0.82, and 0.85 +/- 0.078 mg/g for the control, flax, and PFA diet, respectively) in the chorioallantois. In the endometrium, EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-3) were increased by the flax diet (P < 0.001; P < 0.05), whereas gilts receiving PFA had increased DHA (P < 0.001). The flax diet selectively increased EPA, and the PFA diet selectively increased DHA in the fetus and endometrium. In Exp. 2, gilts were fed diets containing PFA (1.5%) or a control diet beginning at approximately 170 of age (n = 13/treatment). A blood sample was collected after 30 d of treatment, and gilts were artificially inseminated when they were approximately 205 d old. Conceptus and endometrial samples were collected on d 11 to 19 of pregnancy. Plasma samples indicated that PFA increased (P < 0.005) circulating concentrations of EPA and DHA. Endometrial EPA was increased (P < 0.001) for gilts fed the PFA diet. In extraembryonic tissues, PFA more than doubled (P < 0.001) the EPA (0.13 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.013 mg/g) and DHA (0.39 vs. 0.85 +/- 0.05 mg/g). In embryonic tissue on d 19, DHA was increased (P < 0.05) by PFA (0.20 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.023 mg/g). Supplementing n-3 PUFA, beginning 30 d before breeding, affected endometrial, conceptus, and fetal fatty acid composition in early pregnancy. Dynamic day effects in fatty acid composition indicate this may be a critical period for maternal fatty acid resources to affect conceptus development and survival.     

Effects of two different dietary sources of long chain omega-3, highly unsaturated fatty acids on incorporation into the plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle in horses

The objective of this study was to examine the effects of different sources of dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on plasma, red blood cell, and skeletal muscle fatty acid compositions in horses. Twenty-one mares were blocked by age, BW, and BCS and assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 7 mares per treatment. Dietary treatments were: 1) control or no fatty acid supplement (CON), 2) 38 g of n-3 long chain, highly unsaturated fatty acid (LCHUFA) supplement/d provided by algae and fish oil (MARINE) containing alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and 3) 38 g of n-3 LCHUFA supplement/d provided by a flaxseed meal (FLAX) containing ALA. Each supplement was added to a basal diet consisting of hay and barley and was fed for 90 d. Blood samples and muscle middle gluteal biopsies were taken at d 0, 30, 60 and 90 of supplementation. Plasma, red blood cell and skeletal muscle fatty acid profiles were determined via gas chromatography. Plasma linoleic acid (LA) and ALA were at least 10 and 60% less (P < 0.01), respectively, in the MARINE compared with the FLAX and CON groups. Plasma EPA and DHA were only detected in the MARINE group, and EPA increased 40% (P < 0.001) from d 30 to 60, and DHA 19% (P < 0.01) from d 30 to 90. Red blood cell LA and ALA were not different among treatments. Red blood cell EPA and DHA were only detected in the MARINE group, where EPA increased 38% (P < 0.01) from d 30 to 60, and DHA increased 56% (P < 0.001) between d 30 and 90. Skeletal muscle LA was at least 17% less (P < 0.001) in the MARINE group compared with the other treatments. Skeletal muscle ALA was 15% less (P = 0.03) in the MARINE group compared with FLAX and CON groups. Skeletal muscle EPA was at least 25% greater (P < 0.001) in MARINE group compared with other treatments and increased (P < 0.001) by 71% from d 30 to 60. Skeletal muscle DHA was at least 57% greater (P < 0.001) in the MARINE group compared with other groups and increased (P < 0.001) by 40% between d 30 and 90. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to demonstrate that dietary fatty acid supplementation will affect muscle fatty acid composition in horses. Incorporation of n-3 LCHUFA into blood and muscle depends directly on dietary supply of specific fatty acids.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharides on Immune Signal Molecules Expression in Different MHC B-LβⅡ Genotypes Chickens Lymphocyte

This study was aimed to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicinal polysaccharides (cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.MHC B-LβⅡ genotype was analyzed by PCR-SSCP method in 500 chickens.Collected the blood from different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens,isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes,and added cCHMPS with the final concentration of 200,100,75,50,25 and 0 μg/mL cocultured for 24 h.Then the lymphocyte supernatant cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS content were detected by ELISA.The results showed that cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in chicken lymphocyte supernatant compared with control group in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.And when the concentration of cCHMPS was 50 μg/mL,cAMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of AA and BC genotypes chicken lymphocyte supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken,cGMP level of BC genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 75 μg/mL,cGMP level of AA genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 100 μg/mL,cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of BB genotype chicken lymphocyte of the supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken.cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens,and the cCHMPS optimum immunomodulatory doses were different in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens.     

The effect of steroidal dominance on cAMP, cGMP, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol levels in the fluid of the largest follicle

Concentrations and mutual correlations of the cyclic adenosin monophosphate (cAMP), quanosin monophosphate (cGMP), progesterone (P4) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) were studied in the fluid of the largest follicles in cows, in dependence on the steroid dominance: estrogen-dominant (ED), progesterone-dominant (PD) follicles. Mean cAMP and cGMP concentrations in the follicular fluid in the estrogen-dominant follicles were significantly higher than in the progesterone-dominant follicles; in both cases at P less than 0.01. Significant positive correlation between cAMP and cGMP at P less than 0.001 was stated in the evaluation of the correlations. The cAMP and cGMP concentrations were in significantly negative correlations with the P4 concentration at P less than 0.05, or P less than 0.01 and in significantly positive correlations with the E2, at P less than 0.05. The stated correlations suggest a close mutual relation between cyclic nucleotid and E2, or P4 when the follicles' quality changes.     

黄芪多糖对肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化及信息分子的影响

本实验研究了黄芪多糖对肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化率及细胞内信息分子 -一氧化氮 (NO)、Ca2 + 及 c AMP、c GMP的影响。发现黄芪多糖能剂量依赖性促进脾淋巴细胞转化率及细胞内 NO、Ca2 + 浓度 ;当作用时间为 2 0 min时 ,4 0 μg/ ml黄芪多糖能增加 c AMP浓度 ,降低 c GMP浓度 (P<0 .0 1) ;而当作用时间为 6 0 m in,对 c AMP和 c GMP浓度无显著影响。以上结果提示 ,黄芪多糖能显著提高脾淋巴细胞免疫功能 ,其作用是通过改变细胞内信息传导实现的。     

Circulating fatty acid profiles in response to three levels of dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in horses

Fatty acids of the n-3 type confer health benefits to humans and other species. Their importance to equine physiology could include improved exercise tolerance, decreased inflammation, and improved reproductive function. The circulating fatty acid profile and the acquisition and washout of fatty acids in response to n-3 supplementation were determined for horses in the current study. A fatty acid supplement high in eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid was fed to deliver EPA plus DHA at 0 (control), 10, 20, or 40 g/d to 16 mares (n = 4/group) for 28 d. Plasma was collected at -11, 3, 7, 10, 16, 23, 30, 37, 44, 70, and 87 d relative to the beginning of supplementation. Plasma was analyzed for the presence of 35 fatty acids by gas chromatography. Plasma EPA and DHA increased (P < 0.05) in a dose-responsive manner by 3 d of feeding and reached peak concentrations by 7 d. Peak EPA and DHA concentrations of the 40 g/d supplement group were approximately 13x and 10x those of controls, respectively. Plasma EPA and DHA demonstrated a steep decline (P < 0.05) from peak values by 9 d after cessation of supplementation and were near presupplementation values by 42 d. Omega-3 supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of fatty acids C14:0, C17:1n-7, C18:1trans-11, C18:3n-6, C18:4n-3, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, and C22:5n-3 and decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of C18:1cis-9 fatty acid. Seasonal effects, apparently unrelated to supplementation and likely due to the availability of fresh forage, were also noted. Unlike ruminants, there were no detectable concentrations of CLA in equine plasma. These results indicate that the circulating fatty acid milieu in horses can be influenced through targeted supplementation. Possible implications of increased n-3 plasma and tissue concentrations on specific physiological function in the equine remain to be elucidated.     

牛磺鹅去氧胆酸对小鼠机体cAMP和cGMP含量的影响

为了研究牛磺鹅去氧胆酸(TCDCA)对小鼠机体环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)和环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)含量的影响,试验用环孢菌素A诱导特异性免疫低下模型,按相应组别对应的剂量对小鼠灌胃给药7 d,获取血清;体外培养正常小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,用MTT方法筛选TCDCA作用于腹腔巨噬细胞的最佳药物浓度;用最佳药物浓度作用于巨噬细胞后超声破碎,获取上清液;ELISA方法测定血清和上清液中cAMP和cGMP的含量。结果表明:在TCDCA高剂量(0.2 g/kg)组小鼠血清中,cAMP含量极显著高于环孢菌素A组(P<0.01);各组小鼠血清cGMP含量差异不显著(P>0.05);TCDCA促进小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增殖的体外浓度为1μg/mL、2.5μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL;1μg/mL、2.5μg/mL、5μg/mL的TCDCA均能显著或极显著提高细胞内cAMP含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),对cGMP含量均没有显著影响。说明TC-DCA能够显著提高正常和免疫抑制小鼠血清中和正常腹腔巨噬细胞内cAMP含量。     

In vitro modulatory effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA and DHA) on phagocytosis and ROS production of goat neutrophils

An in vitro study was carried out to examine the influence of two fish-oil-derived long chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on goat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Twelve Saanen healthy goats were used as blood donors. Neutrophils were isolated from blood and incubated with increasing concentration of EPA and DHA (25, 50, 100, 200 μM). Control samples were incubated in the absence of ω-3 PUFAs. Phagocytosis was evaluated by fluorescein-labeled Escherichia coli incorporation, while extracellular Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production was determined by cytochrome c reduction assay, which was selected among the others due to its specificity for extracellular superoxide anion release. Phagocytic activity was significantly increased by EPA (P < 0.05) and DHA (P < 0.01). Treating PMN with EPA does not affect extracellular ROS production which is, on the contrary, down-regulated by DHA. This effect was increased in experimental conditions which mimic pro-inflammatory challenges (stimulation with PMA).This study demonstrates that EPA and DHA may have beneficial effect on neutrophil function by increasing their phagocytosis activity and, in the meanwhile, decreasing the tissue damages due to extracellular release of ROS.