蜂针前后肢体血流图变化观察

蜂针治疗疾病已有很多临床报道,实践证明,蜂针对治疗类风湿、痛证等有良好的疗效〔１,２〕。我们选择门诊类风湿病人,进行蜂针前后的肢体血流图观察,并且进行自身左右对照。以观察病人对蜂针治疗前后的血流供应情况。１材料与方法本实验选择门诊接受蜂针治疗的类风湿...     

应用阻抗血流图法诊断马动脉栓塞症的实验研究

本实验首先采用ＸＬＪ－８型桥式血流图仪描记了６例臂动脉结扎前后及９例人工臂动脉栓塞前后的马肢体血流图变化。结果表明,臂动脉结扎前后肢体血流图顶夹角、流入时间、流入时间指数、流入容积速度、上升角、折转高比值、重搏波、波型等各项主要指标均发生相应变化,差异显著;人工臂动脉栓塞前后肢体血流图上述指标变化同前。由此说明肢体阻抗血流图是臂动脉栓塞症的有效测试手段。     

结症马的血流动力学初探

用无创伤性血流动力学方法对患结症的马进行了探讨,结果表明病马有不同程度的血流动力学异常。表现在SV、SI、VPE、LVWI、PP、FEK、MHR的明显降低(p<0.01～0.05)和PAWP、TPR、MPT的明显升高(0.01～0.05),说明患结症的马存在着心脏功能的异常和血液循环障碍。     

不同用途马肢体各部位比例差异性分析研究

本试验通过测定纯血马×伊犁马、奥尔洛夫马×伊犁马、俄罗斯速步马×伊犁马和汉诺威马4个类型马细分体尺,并计算各体尺比例及体尺指数等指标,分析各体尺、体尺指数及各比例差异性。结果表明,在体高、体长、胸围、管围、颈长、肱骨长、背长、腰椎长、尻长、尻高、股骨长和胫骨长等体尺方面,纯血马×伊犁马、奥尔洛夫马×伊犁马、俄罗斯速步马×伊犁马均极显著低于汉诺威马（P<0.01）;体躯指数方面,纯血马×伊犁马显著高于奥尔洛夫马×伊犁马（P<0.05）;肱骨长/背长、股骨长/背长和胫骨长/背长方面,纯血马×伊犁马、奥尔洛夫马×伊犁马、俄罗斯速步马×伊犁马均极显著低于汉诺威马（P<0.01）;奥尔洛夫马×伊犁马和俄罗斯速步马×伊犁马之间所有指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。本试验结果表明不同用途马匹体型结构具有一定差异性,为不同用途马匹的培育提供数据参考。     

成年马鸡肠道正常菌群的检测

为了解成年健康马鸡的肠道菌群结构.采用滴注接种法,在选择性培养基上需氧或厌氧培养后,定性定量检测4种马鸡新鲜粪便中的细菌浓度,并对其进行比较分析.所检测的细菌(大肠杆菌、肠球菌、乳酸杆菌、拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、真杆菌、梭菌、链球菌和葡萄球菌)浓度统计分析结果表明,4种马鸡新鲜粪便中同种细菌浓度之间差异均不显著.本研究对马鸡的其他相关基础研究具有一定的借鉴作用.     

鸡急性马杜拉霉素中毒的实验病理学研究

以28日龄鸡为试验动物，在饲料中添加不同剂量马杜拉霉素（0、5、6、7、8、9和10mg/kg)，对实验性马杜拉霉素中毒鸡的临床症状、剖检变化和组织病理学变化进行观察。结果马杜拉霉素急性中毒鸡表现腹泻、食欲下降、渴欲增加，翅膀下垂、腿无力或麻痹；剖检可见病鸡肝淤 血、轻度肿胀、呈微黄色；病理组织学变化为肝脂肪变性及心肌和腿肌出血。     

抗马链球菌马亚种组方加味优选及其体内抑菌作用研究

【目的】筛选可抑制马腺疫主要致病菌——马链球菌马亚种的最优中药组方,为临床马腺疫的防治提供参考。【方法】选用赤芍、大黄、山豆根等27种中药,首先通过体外抑菌试验(牛津杯法、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)、联合药敏试验)结合L₈(2⁶)正交试验初步筛选抗马链球菌马亚种中药组方的最佳优选因素,再通过L₁₈(3⁶)正交试验进一步筛选基础组方最佳配比;最后在基础组方的基础上,根据中兽医方剂配伍理论,添加黄芪和当归2味补虚药,通过马腺疫小鼠模型体内抑菌试验筛选加味组方配比,结合组方保护率结果及组织脏器病理变化验证加味组方的体内抑菌作用。【结果】试验筛选出了马链球菌马亚种超敏和高敏的7味中药：浙贝母、赤芍、甘草、大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根和苦参。大黄、雪白睡莲、山豆根、甘草、苦参和浙贝母的MIC分别为0.078、0.078、0.125、0.156、0.156和0.250 mg/mL。雪白睡莲、赤芍、山豆根、甘草、大黄、苦参和浙贝母的MBC分别为0.078、0.125、0.125、0.156、0.15...     

湟中马血清酯酶多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对青海省湟中县９１匹马血清酯酶的多态性进行了研究。结果发现：①湟中马的血清酯酶受ＥＳ＾Ｆ，ＥＳ＾Ｉ，ＥＳ＾Ｓ和ＥＳ＾Ｏ４个等位基因的控制，其基因频率分别为０．４４５０，０．５３３０，０．０１１０和０．０１１０；②在被检湟中马的ＥＳ位点上共发现ＥＳ Ｆ，ＥＳ ＦＩ，ＥＳ Ｉ，ＥＳ ＩＳ和ＥＳ Ｏ五种表型，以ＥＳ ＦＩ为优势表型（４７．２５％）；③ＥＳ等位基因频率无性别差异；④     

柴达木马血清白蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺电泳对１３１匹柴达木马血清白蛋白的多态性进行研究。结果：（１）柴达木马血清白蛋白基因座有ＡＬＡ＾Ａ和ＡＬＢ＾Ｂ两个等位基因，基因频率分别为０．４１２２和０．５８７８；（２）柴达木马存在ＡＬＢ ＡＡ，ＡＬＢ ＡＢ和ＡＬＢ ＢＢ三种基因型，以ＡＬＢ ＡＢ为优势基因型；（３）基因杂合度为０．４８４６，有效等位基因数为１．９４个。     

International Equine Ophthalmology Consortium (IEOC) Symposium

This first IEOC symposium met its goals of gathering a group of leading equine ophthalmology clinicians and researchers to identify the challenges of the field. To facilitate collaboration, notes from round‐table discussions, including the ideas and plans that were discussed are being complied and will be distributed to the attendees. Development of an IEOC membership organisation and website was discussed and supported by the group in an effort further to advance the science of equine ophthalmology. To present results from the collaborations made at this first IEOC meeting, an IEOC mini‐symposium will be held at the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Annual Meeting in Chicago Illinois, on 6th November 2009. The second annual IEOC symposium will be held in Vienna, Austria on 4th and 5th June 2010.     

阻抗法评价静松灵对马心功能的影响

本实验首次以无损伤性电阻抗技术,对10匹实验马应用静松灵后的心血管状态进行了监测。结果表明,肌注静松灵后,实验马心率、心输出量、单位体重心输出量、心室最大射血速率显著下降,左室射血时间、总机械收缩时间显著延长,每搏输出量没有显著变化.有的马还出现心律不齐,房宣传导阻滞和心音分裂。     

马科学研究动态和马业发展

马业是历史悠久的产业．分布于世界各地，世界马业的发展方向是现代马业，以赛马为代表。综述了马的遗传改良、营养研究、繁殖技术、疾病控制等方面的研究动态．对马业的发展趋势，以及马匹的调教、管理等方面作了综合的阐述。     

Equine keratomycoses in California from 1987 to 2010 (47 cases)

Reasons for performing study: Equine keratomycosis in the western USA has received little study, probably owing to its low prevalence. Objectives: To determine clinical features, predominant fungal isolates, treatment modalities and outcomes of horses with keratomycosis in California and compare these with results from different geographic regions. Methods: Records of horses presented to the University of California‐Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (UCD‐VMTH) with confirmed keratomycosis between 1987 and 2010 were reviewed for this retrospective study. Information retrieved from the record included background, ophthalmic examination findings, treatment prior to and following presentation, visual outcome, and ocular survival. Results: A total of 48 eyes in 47 horses met the inclusion criteria and comprised 2% of cases presented to the UCD‐VMTH ophthalmology service. Prior to presentation, 20 horses (43%) received at least one topically administered anti‐inflammatory medication. Keratomycosis was confirmed by fungal culture in 38 horses (81%), by histopathology in 2 horses (4%) and by cytology in 7 horses (15%). Forty‐four isolates were identified in the 38 horses cultured; Aspergillus was the most common isolate (64%) and a novel isolate, Papulospora, was identified in 2 horses. Treatment consisted of medication only (73%), medical and surgical treatment (25%), or immediate enucleation (2%). Globe retention was 77% and vision retention was 53%. Corneal perforation was significantly associated with loss of vision (P<0.001). Conclusions: Keratomycosis is relatively uncommon in horses presented for ophthalmic conditions at UCD‐VMTH. Corneal perforation was a negative prognostic indicator for vision in this population of northern Californian horses.     

所农业院校大学生对马学教育的认知研究

为掌握农业院校大学生对马学教育的认知现状,通过问卷调查的方式在两所农业院校开展分析研究。结果表明大部分学生都有过与马相处的经历,且大多是在旅游景区和马术俱乐部等体育娱乐场所与马相处,多数大学生能够认识到马在现代社会中的体育和娱乐功能。受生源地和院校是否开设马学相关课程的影响,仍有部分学生对现代马业认识模糊。应通过开设马学相关专业加强知识和技能培养,并加大媒体宣传和社会推广,完善大学生对马学教育认知,推动我国马产业持久健康发展。     

Equine viral arteritis (EVA): A potential trapdoor for the practicing veterinary surgeon in the United Kingdom

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is a notifiable disease in the UK with potentially serious consequences for horse owners and breeders. Legislation exists under ‘The Equine Viral Arteritis Order 1995’ to protect the UK from this contagious equine disease. The UK is at risk of introduction of EVA through importation of infected horses or semen. There is however much misunderstanding regarding the importance of EVA and occasionally misinterpretation, specifically on how to protect and manage stallions with vaccination. Issues with changing vaccine datasheet recommendations and vaccine availability have resulted in stallions being inappropriately vaccinated or vaccinations lapsing. This article is aimed at the practicing veterinary surgeon, to update them as to the current status of EVA vaccination and disease screening in horses in the UK and how to avoid some common pitfalls.